Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina , sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina is almost landlocked, except for the...

is a sovereign country located on the Balkan Peninsula in Southern Europe

Southern Europe

The term Southern Europe, at its most general definition, is used to mean "all countries in the south of Europe". However, the concept, at different times, has had different meanings, providing additional political, linguistic and cultural context to the definition in addition to the typical...

. Bosnia and Herzegovina has an area of 51,129 square kilometres (19,741 sq mi). The last official census in 1991 recorded 4.4 million people, which was prior to the 1992-1995 war

Bosnian War

The Bosnian War or the War in Bosnia and Herzegovina was an international armed conflict that took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina between April 1992 and December 1995. The war involved several sides...

, while an unofficial census in 1996 by UNHCR recorded a post-war population of 3.9 million. Its 2007 residential population is estimated at approximately 4 million. Formerly one of the six federal units constituting the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was the Yugoslav state that existed from the abolition of the Yugoslav monarchy until it was dissolved in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars. It was a socialist state and a federation made up of six socialist republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,...

, Bosnia and Herzegovina gained its independence during the Yugoslav wars

Yugoslav wars

The Yugoslav Wars were a series of wars, fought throughout the former Yugoslavia between 1991 and 1995. The wars were complex: characterized by bitter ethnic conflicts among the peoples of the former Yugoslavia, mostly between Serbs on the one side and Croats and Bosniaks on the other; but also...

 of the 1990s. Bosnia and Herzegovina is a federal democratic republic

Federal republic

A federal republic is a federation of states with a republican form of government. A federation is the central government. The states in a federation also maintain the federation...

 that is transforming its economy into a market-oriented system, and it is a potential candidate

Enlargement of the European Union

The Enlargement of the European Union is the process of expanding the European Union through the accession of new member states. This process began with the Inner Six, who founded the European Coal and Steel Community in 1952...

 for membership in the European Union

European Union

The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...

 and NATO.

The country is home to three ethnic "constituent peoples": Bosniaks

Bosniaks

The Bosniaks or Bosniacs are a South Slavic ethnic group, living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a smaller minority also present in other lands of the Balkan Peninsula especially in Serbia, Montenegro and Croatia...

, Serbs

Serbs

The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...

 and Croats

Croats

Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have...

. Regardless of ethnicity, a citizen of Bosnia and Herzegovina is often identified in English

English language

English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...

 as a Bosnian

Bosnians

Bosnians are people who reside in, or come from, Bosnia and Herzegovina. By the modern state definition a Bosnian can be anyone who holds citizenship of the state. This includes, but is not limited to, members of the constituent ethnic groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Bosniaks, Bosnian Serbs and...

. In Bosnia, the distinction between a Bosnian and a Herzegovinian

Herzegovina

Herzegovina is the southern region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. While there is no official border distinguishing it from the Bosnian region, it is generally accepted that the borders of the region are Croatia to the west, Montenegro to the south, the canton boundaries of the Herzegovina-Neretva...

 is maintained as a regional, rather than an ethnic distinction. The country is politically decentralized and comprises two governing entities, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is one of the two political entities that compose the sovereign country of Bosnia and Herzegovina . The two entities are delineated by the Inter-Entity Boundary Line...

 and Republika Srpska

Republika Srpska

Republika Srpska is one of two main political entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the other being the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina...

, with District Brčko as a de facto third entity.

The region of Bosnia

Bosnia (region)

Bosnia is a eponomous region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It lies mainly in the Dinaric Alps, ranging to the southern borders of the Pannonian plain, with the rivers Sava and Drina marking its northern and eastern borders. The other eponomous region, the southern, other half of the country is...

 is the largest geographic region of the modern state with moderate continental climate

Continental climate

Continental climate is a climate characterized by important annual variation in temperature due to the lack of significant bodies of water nearby...

, marked by hot summers and cold, snowy winters. Smaller Herzegovina

Herzegovina

Herzegovina is the southern region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. While there is no official border distinguishing it from the Bosnian region, it is generally accepted that the borders of the region are Croatia to the west, Montenegro to the south, the canton boundaries of the Herzegovina-Neretva...

 is the southern tip of the country, with Mediterranean climate

Mediterranean climate

A Mediterranean climate is the climate typical of most of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin, and is a particular variety of subtropical climate...

 and topography. Bosnia and Herzegovina's natural resources are highly abundant.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Bosnia and Herzegovina:

General reference

• Pronunciation: ˈbɒzni.ə (ænd) hɜrtsɨˈɡoʊvɨnə or ˌhɜrtsɨɡoʊˈviːnə;
• Common English country name: Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Bosnia and Herzegovina , sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina is almost landlocked, except for the...
  
  
• Official English country name: Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Bosnia and Herzegovina , sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina is almost landlocked, except for the...
  
  
• Common endonym(s):
• Official endonym(s):
• Adjectival(s): Bosnian
  Bosnian
  Bosnian may refer to:*Anything related to Bosnia or its inhabitants*Anything related to the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina or its inhabitants* Bosnian language, a South Slavic language spoken mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina...
  
  , Herzegovinan
• Demonym(s):
• Etymology
  Etymology
  Etymology is the study of the history of words, their origins, and how their form and meaning have changed over time.For languages with a long written history, etymologists make use of texts in these languages and texts about the languages to gather knowledge about how words were used during...
  
  : Name of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• ISO country codes: BA, BIH, 070
• ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:BA
  ISO 3166-2:BA
  ISO 3166-2:BA is the entry for Bosnia and Herzegovina in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization , which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.Currently for Bosnia and...
  
  
• Internet
  Internet
  The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite to serve billions of users worldwide...
  
   country code top-level domain
  Country code top-level domain
  A country code top-level domain is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country, a sovereign state, or a dependent territory....
  
  : .ba
  .ba
  .ba is the Internet country code top-level domain for Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is administered by the University Teleinformation Center.It has the following second-level domains:*.web.ba: *.org.ba: Non-profit organizations...
  
  

Geography of Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Bosnia and Herzegovina is: a country
• Location:
  • Eastern Hemisphere
    Eastern Hemisphere
    The Eastern Hemisphere, also Eastern hemisphere or eastern hemisphere, is a geographical term for the half of the Earth that is east of the Prime Meridian and west of 180° longitude. It is also used to refer to Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australasia, vis-à-vis the Western Hemisphere, which includes...
    
    
  • Northern Hemisphere
    Northern Hemisphere
    The Northern Hemisphere is the half of a planet that is north of its equator—the word hemisphere literally means “half sphere”. It is also that half of the celestial sphere north of the celestial equator...
    
    
    • Eurasia
      Eurasia
      Eurasia is a continent or supercontinent comprising the traditional continents of Europe and Asia ; covering about 52,990,000 km2 or about 10.6% of the Earth's surface located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres...
      
      
      • Europe
        Europe
        Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
        
        
        • Southern Europe
          Southern Europe
          The term Southern Europe, at its most general definition, is used to mean "all countries in the south of Europe". However, the concept, at different times, has had different meanings, providing additional political, linguistic and cultural context to the definition in addition to the typical...
          
          
          • Balkans
            Balkans
            The Balkans is a geopolitical and cultural region of southeastern Europe...
            
             (also known as "Southeastern Europe")
  • Time zone
    Time zone
    A time zone is a region on Earth that has a uniform standard time for legal, commercial, and social purposes. In order for the same clock time to always correspond to the same portion of the day as the Earth rotates , different places on the Earth need to have different clock times...
    
    : Central European Time
    Central European Time
    Central European Time , used in most parts of the European Union, is a standard time that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time . The time offset from UTC can be written as +01:00...
    
     (UTC+01), Central European Summer Time
    Central European Summer Time
    Central European Summer Time is one of the names of the Daylight saving time offset using the UTC offset of UTC+02:00, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. It is used as a summer daylight saving time in most European countries. During the winter, Central European Time is used...
    
     (UTC+02)
  • Extreme points of Bosnia and Herzegovina
    • High: Maglić
      Maglic mountain
      Maglić is the highest peak at an elevation of in the hill ranges of Plješevica, Grmeč, Cincar and Raduša in the country of Montenegro, Opstina Zabljak Province. Maglić borders Bosnia and Montenegro. It is oriented in a northwest-southeast direction....
      
       2386 m (7,828 ft)
    • Low: Adriatic Sea
      Adriatic Sea
      The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula, and the system of the Apennine Mountains from that of the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges...
      
       0 m
  • Land boundaries: 1,538 km

 Independent State of Croatia 932 km

 Serbia 357 km

 Kingdom of Montenegro 249 km

• Coastline: Adriatic Sea
  Adriatic Sea
  The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula, and the system of the Apennine Mountains from that of the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges...
  
   20 km
• Population of Bosnia and Herzegovina: 3,981,239(2007) - 126th most populous country
• Area of Bosnia and Herzegovina: 51197 square kilometres (19,767.3 sq mi) - 127th largest country
• Atlas of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Environment of Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Climate of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Environmental issues in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Ecoregions in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Renewable energy in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Geology of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Protected areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Biosphere reserves in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • National parks of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Wildlife of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Fauna of Bosnia and Herzegovina
    • Birds of Bosnia and Herzegovina
    • Mammals of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Natural geographic features of Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Glaciers of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Islands of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Lakes of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Mountains of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Volcanoes in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Rivers of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• World Heritage Sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Ecoregions of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Main article: Ecoregions in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Administrative divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Main article: Administrative divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Municipalities of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Municipalities of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  In Bosnia and Herzegovina the smallest unit is the municipality or Opština. Prior to the war there were 109 municipalities in Bosnia. 10 of these were part of the Sarajevo area. After the war the number of municipalities increased to 142: 79 municipalities in the Federation of Bosnia and...
  
  

Municipalities of Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Sarajevo
• Cities of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Demography of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Main article: Demographics of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Demographics of Bosnia and Herzegovina

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population....

Government and politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Main article: Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power...

• Form of government
  Form of government
  A form of government, or form of state governance, refers to the set of political institutions by which a government of a state is organized. Synonyms include "regime type" and "system of government".-Empirical and conceptual problems:...
  
  : parliamentary
  Parliamentary system
  A parliamentary system is a system of government in which the ministers of the executive branch get their democratic legitimacy from the legislature and are accountable to that body, such that the executive and legislative branches are intertwined....
  
   representative democratic
  Representative democracy
  Representative democracy is a form of government founded on the principle of elected individuals representing the people, as opposed to autocracy and direct democracy...
  
   republic
  Republic
  A republic is a form of government in which the people, or some significant portion of them, have supreme control over the government and where offices of state are elected or chosen by elected people. In modern times, a common simplified definition of a republic is a government where the head of...
  
  
• Capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Sarajevo

• Elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina gives information on elections and election results in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Bosnia and Herzegovina elects on national level the rotating presidency and a legislature....
  
  
  • (specific elections)
• Political parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Political scandals of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Taxation in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Executive branch of the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Head of state
  Head of State
  A head of state is the individual that serves as the chief public representative of a monarchy, republic, federation, commonwealth or other kind of state. His or her role generally includes legitimizing the state and exercising the political powers, functions, and duties granted to the head of...
  
  : President of Bosnia and Herzegovina,
• Head of government
  Head of government
  Head of government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet. In a parliamentary system, the head of government is often styled prime minister, chief minister, premier, etc...
  
  : Prime Minister of Bosnia and Herzegovina,
• Cabinet of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Legislative branch of the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Parliament of Bosnia and Herzegovina (bicameral)
  • Upper house
    Upper house
    An upper house, often called a senate, is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house; a legislature composed of only one house is described as unicameral.- Possible specific characteristics :...
    
    : Senate of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Lower house
    Lower house
    A lower house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the upper house.Despite its official position "below" the upper house, in many legislatures worldwide the lower house has come to wield more power...
    
    : House of Commons of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Judicial branch of the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Supreme Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Foreign relations of Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Diplomatic missions in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Diplomatic missions of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Diplomatic missions of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  This is a list of diplomatic missions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, excluding honorary consulates.-References:*...
  
  

International organization membership

The government of Bosnia and Herzegovina is a member of:

• Bank for International Settlements
  Bank for International Settlements
  The Bank for International Settlements is an intergovernmental organization of central banks which "fosters international monetary and financial cooperation and serves as a bank for central banks." It is not accountable to any national government...
  
   (BIS)
• Central European Initiative
  Central European Initiative
  The Central European Initiative is a forum of regional cooperation in Central, Eastern and South Eastern Europe, counting 18 member states. It was formed in Budapest in 1989.-History:...
  
   (CEI)
• Council of Europe
  Council of Europe
  The Council of Europe is an international organisation promoting co-operation between all countries of Europe in the areas of legal standards, human rights, democratic development, the rule of law and cultural co-operation...
  
   (CE)
• Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council
  Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council
  The Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council , a NATO institution, is a multilateral forum created to improve relations between NATO and non-NATO countries in Europe and those parts of Asia on the European periphery. The member states meet to cooperate and consult on a range of political and security issues...
  
   (EAPC)
• European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
  European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
  Founded in 1991, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development uses the tools of investment to help build market economies and democracies in 30 countries from central Europe to central Asia. Its mission was to support the formerly communist countries in the process of establishing their...
  
   (EBRD)
• Food and Agriculture Organization
  Food and Agriculture Organization
  The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is a specialised agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Serving both developed and developing countries, FAO acts as a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and...
  
   (FAO)
• Group of 77
  Group of 77
  The Group of 77 at the United Nations is a loose coalition of developing nations, designed to promote its members' collective economic interests and create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the United Nations. There were 77 founding members of the organization, but the organization has...
  
   (G77)
• International Atomic Energy Agency
  International Atomic Energy Agency
  The International Atomic Energy Agency is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons. The IAEA was established as an autonomous organization on 29 July 1957...
  
   (IAEA)
• International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
  International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
  The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is one of five institutions that compose the World Bank Group. The IBRD is an international organization whose original mission was to finance the reconstruction of nations devastated by World War II. Now, its mission has expanded to fight...
  
   (IBRD)
• International Civil Aviation Organization
  International Civil Aviation Organization
  The International Civil Aviation Organization , pronounced , , is a specialized agency of the United Nations. It codifies the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth...
  
   (ICAO)
• International Criminal Court
  International Criminal Court
  The International Criminal Court is a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression .It came into being on 1 July 2002—the date its founding treaty, the Rome Statute of the...
  
   (ICCt)
• International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)
• International Development Association
  International Development Association
  The International Development Association , is the part of the World Bank that helps the world’s poorest countries. It complements the World Bank's other lending arm — the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development — which serves middle-income countries with capital investment and...
  
   (IDA)
• International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
  International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
  The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies is a humanitarian institution that is part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement along with the ICRC and 186 distinct National Societies...
  
   (IFRCS)
• International Finance Corporation
  International Finance Corporation
  The International Finance Corporation promotes sustainable private sector investment in developing countries.IFC is a member of the World Bank Group and is headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States....
  
   (IFC)
• International Fund for Agricultural Development
  International Fund for Agricultural Development
  The International Fund for Agricultural Development , a specialized agency of the United Nations, was established as an international financial institution in 1977 as one of the major outcomes of the 1974 World Food Conference. IFAD is dedicated to eradicating rural poverty in developing countries...
  
   (IFAD)
• International Labour Organization
  International Labour Organization
  The International Labour Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations that deals with labour issues pertaining to international labour standards. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland. Its secretariat — the people who are employed by it throughout the world — is known as the...
  
   (ILO)
• International Maritime Organization
  International Maritime Organization
  The International Maritime Organization , formerly known as the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization , was established in Geneva in 1948, and came into force ten years later, meeting for the first time in 1959...
  
   (IMO)
• International Mobile Satellite Organization
  International Mobile Satellite Organization
  The International Mobile Satellite Organization is the intergovernmental organization that oversees certain public satellite safety and security communication services provided via the Inmarsat satellites...
  
   (IMSO)
• International Monetary Fund
  International Monetary Fund
  The International Monetary Fund is an organization of 187 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world...
  
   (IMF)
• International Olympic Committee
  International Olympic Committee
  The International Olympic Committee is an international corporation based in Lausanne, Switzerland, created by Pierre de Coubertin on 23 June 1894 with Demetrios Vikelas as its first president...
  
   (IOC)
• International Organization for Migration
  International Organization for Migration
  The International Organization for Migration is an intergovernmental organization. It was initially established in 1951 as the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration to help resettle people displaced by World War II....
  
   (IOM)
• International Organization for Standardization
  International Organization for Standardization
  The International Organization for Standardization , widely known as ISO, is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations. Founded on February 23, 1947, the organization promulgates worldwide proprietary, industrial and commercial...
  
   (ISO)
• International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
  International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
  The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is an international humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers, members and staff worldwide which was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, and to prevent and alleviate human...
  
   (ICRM)
• International Telecommunication Union
  International Telecommunication Union
  The International Telecommunication Union is the specialized agency of the United Nations which is responsible for information and communication technologies...
  
   (ITU)

• International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
  International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
  The International Telecommunications Satellite Organization is an intergovernmental organisation charged with overseeing the public service obligations of Intelsat.-External links:*...
  
   (ITSO)
• International Trade Union Confederation
  International Trade Union Confederation
  The International Trade Union Confederation is the world's largest trade union federation. It was formed on November 1, 2006 out of the merger of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions and the World Confederation of Labour...
  
   (ITUC)
• Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)
• Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
  Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
  The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency is a member organization of the World Bank Group that offers political risk insurance. It was established to promote foreign direct investment into developing countries. MIGA was founded in 1988 with a capital base of $1 billion and is headquartered in...
  
   (MIGA)
• Nonaligned Movement (NAM) (observer)
• Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) (observer)
• Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)
• Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
• Organization of American States
  Organization of American States
  The Organization of American States is a regional international organization, headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States...
  
   (OAS) (observer)
• Partnership for Peace
  Partnership for Peace
  Partnership for Peace is a North Atlantic Treaty Organisation program aimed at creating trust between NATO and other states in Europe and the former Soviet Union; 22 States are members...
  
   (PFP)
• Southeast European Cooperative Initiative
  Southeast European Cooperative Initiative
  The Southeast European Cooperative Initiative, or the SECI, has been an initiative that, under the auspices of men like Erhard Busek and Richard Schifter, has been successful in providing stability in an unstable region and has found support in international organizations and countries...
  
   (SECI)
• United Nations
  United Nations
  The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
  
   (UN)
• United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
  United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
  The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development was established in 1964 as a permanent intergovernmental body. It is the principal organ of the United Nations General Assembly dealing with trade, investment, and development issues....
  
   (UNCTAD)
• United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
• United Nations Industrial Development Organization
  United Nations Industrial Development Organization
  The United Nations Industrial Development Organization , French/Spanish acronym ONUDI, is a specialized agency in the United Nations system, headquartered in Vienna, Austria...
  
   (UNIDO)
• United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC)
• Universal Postal Union
  Universal Postal Union
  The Universal Postal Union is an international organization that coordinates postal policies among member nations, in addition to the worldwide postal system. The UPU contains four bodies consisting of the Congress, the Council of Administration , the Postal Operations Council and the...
  
   (UPU)
• World Customs Organization
  World Customs Organization
  The World Customs Organization is an intergovernmental organization headquartered in Brussels, Belgium. With its worldwide membership, the WCO is recognized as the voice of the global customs community...
  
   (WCO)
• World Federation of Trade Unions
  World Federation of Trade Unions
  The World Federation of Trade Unions was established in 1945 to replace the International Federation of Trade Unions. Its mission was to bring together trade unions across the world in a single international organization, much like the United Nations...
  
   (WFTU)
• World Health Organization
  World Health Organization
  The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health. Established on 7 April 1948, with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, the agency inherited the mandate and resources of its predecessor, the Health...
  
   (WHO)
• World Intellectual Property Organization
  World Intellectual Property Organization
  The World Intellectual Property Organization is one of the 17 specialized agencies of the United Nations. WIPO was created in 1967 "to encourage creative activity, to promote the protection of intellectual property throughout the world"....
  
   (WIPO)
• World Meteorological Organization
  World Meteorological Organization
  The World Meteorological Organization is an intergovernmental organization with a membership of 189 Member States and Territories. It originated from the International Meteorological Organization , which was founded in 1873...
  
   (WMO)
• World Tourism Organization
  World Tourism Organization
  The World Tourism Organization , based in Madrid, Spain, is a United Nations agency dealing with questions relating to tourism. It compiles the World Tourism rankings. The World Tourism Organization is a significant global body, concerned with the collection and collation of statistical information...
  
   (UNWTO)
• World Trade Organization
  World Trade Organization
  The World Trade Organization is an organization that intends to supervise and liberalize international trade. The organization officially commenced on January 1, 1995 under the Marrakech Agreement, replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade , which commenced in 1948...
  
   (WTO) (observer)

Law and order in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Main article: Law of Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Capital punishment in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Capital punishment in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Capital punishment in Bosnia and Herzegovina was abolished for all crimes in November 1998 in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and on 2000-06-21 in the Republika Srpska.-References:*...
  
  
• Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  The Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the highest legal document of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The current Constitution is the Annex 4 of The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, also known as the Dayton Agreement, signed in Paris on 14 December 1995...
  
  
• Crime in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Human rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • LGBT rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Freedom of religion in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Law enforcement in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Law enforcement in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Law enforcement in Bosnia and Herzegovina is the responsibility of an EU-sponsored Bosnia police force to which the role of maintaining security in the region was handed over from the United Nations's 18,000 International Police Task Force...
  
  

Military of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Main article: Military of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Military of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the official military force of Bosnia and Herzegovina...

• Command
  • Commander-in-chief
    Commander-in-Chief
    A commander-in-chief is the commander of a nation's military forces or significant element of those forces. In the latter case, the force element may be defined as those forces within a particular region or those forces which are associated by function. As a practical term it refers to the military...
    
    :
    • Ministry of Defence of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Forces
  • Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Navy of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Air Force of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Special forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Military history of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Military ranks of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Local government in Bosnia and Herzegovina

History of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Main article: History of Bosnia and Herzegovina

History of Bosnia and Herzegovina

-Pre-Slavic Period :Bosnia has been inhabited at least since Neolithic times. In the late Bronze Age, the Neolithic population was replaced by more warlike Indo-European tribes known as the Illyrians. Celtic migrations in the 4th and 3rd century BCE displaced many Illyrian tribes from their former...

, Timeline of the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Current events of Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Economic history of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Military history of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Main article: Culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina encompasses the country's ancient cultural heritage, its architecture, literature, visual arts, music, cinema, sports and cuisine.-Ancient Cultural Heritage:...

• Architecture of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Architecture of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  The architecture of Bosnia and Herzegovina is largely influenced by four major periods where political and social changes determined the creation of distinct cultural and architectural habits of the region.-Medieval period:...
  
  
• Cuisine of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Ethnic minorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Festivals in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Humor in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Media in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• National symbols of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina
    The coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina was adopted in 1998, replacing the previous design that had been in use since 1992 when Bosnia and Herzegovina gained independence, and follows the design of the national flag. The three pointed shield is specific and is to symbolize the three major ethnic...
    
    
  • Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina
    The flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina contains a wide medium blue vertical band on the fly side with a yellow isosceles triangle abutting the band and the top of the flag...
    
    
  • National anthem of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• People of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Prostitution in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Public holidays in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Public holidays in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  The holidays of Bosnia and Herzegovina include, in various jurisdictions:-Public Holidays:...
  
  
• Records of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Religion in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Religion in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  The State Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the entity Constitutions of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska provide for freedom of religion, and the Government generally respected this right in ethnically integrated areas or in areas where government...
  
  
  • Buddhism in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Christianity in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Hinduism in Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Hinduism in Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Hinduism in Bosnia and Herzegovina is represented by various groups and centers such as Yoga in Daily Life and Sathya Sai Center Sarajevo.-ISKCON in Bosnia and Herzegovina:ISKCON has a growing presence in Bosnia and Herzegovina...
    
    
  • Islam in Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Islam in Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina are a little under two million in number and constitute 40 percent of the country's population . The modern Bosniaks, often referred to as Bosnian Muslims, descend from Slavic speakers who converted to Islam in the 15th and 16th centuries. Bosniaks are...
    
    
  • Judaism in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Sikhism in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• World Heritage Sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Art in Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Art in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Cinema of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Literature of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Music of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Music of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Like the surrounding Balkan countries, Bosnia and Herzegovina has had a turbulent past marked by frequent foreign invasions and occupation. As a result, Bosnian music is now a mixture of the national Slavic folklore with some Turkish influences along with influences from the western part of the...
  
  
• Television in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Television in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Television in Bosnia and Herzegovina was first introduced in 1956.-Private Frequency:*Hayat*ATV*OBN*Pink BH*BN*NTV 101*RTVUSK*Kanal 3*Bel*Simić TV*TV1*OTV Valentino*Vikom*TV Zenica*TV Sarajevo*TV Istocno Sarajevo*Slon Extra*TV Hema...
  
  
• Theatre in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Sports in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Main article: Sports in Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Football in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Football in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Football , is the most popular sport in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Even during the turbulent years of conflict, football never ground to a halt and the game quickly boomed again after the end of hostilities, even though there were still separate ethnic groups within the association, which was formed...
  
  
• Bosnia and Herzegovina at the Olympics
  Bosnia and Herzegovina at the Olympics
  Bosnia and Herzegovina, after declaring independence from SFR Yugoslavia in 1991, sent its athletes to the Summer Olympic Games at the 1992 Summer Olympics for the first time under BiH flag. Before that BiH athletes competed under Yugoslavian flag ....
  
  

Economy and infrastructure of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Main article: Economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina

This page discusses the Economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina since Bosnia and Herzegovina's declaration of sovereignty in October 1991 and the declaration of independence from the former Yugoslavia on 3 March 1992.-Overview:...

• Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 102nd (one hundred and second)

• Agriculture in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Banking in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • National Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Communications in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Communications in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Telecommunications in Bosnia and Herzegovina was well established before the Bosnian war erupted in the early 1990s, the infrastructure included the telephone and telegraph network, as well as a network for transfer of data. The total capacity of Bosnia and Herzegovina telephone exchange facilities...
  
  
  • Internet in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Companies of Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Currency
  In economics, currency refers to a generally accepted medium of exchange. These are usually the coins and banknotes of a particular government, which comprise the physical aspects of a nation's money supply...
  
  : Convertible Mark
  Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark
  The Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark is the currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is divided into 100 fenings...
  
  
  • ISO 4217
    ISO 4217
    ISO 4217 is a standard published by the International Standards Organization, which delineates currency designators, country codes , and references to minor units in three tables:* Table A.1 – Current currency & funds code list...
    
    : BAM
    Bam
    Bam is commonly used as an onomatopoeia for a sound, mostly that of an impact or collision.Bam or BAM may also refer to:Places:*Bam, Iran, a city*Bam County, an administrative subdivision of Iran*Bam Province, Burkina Faso...
    
    

• Economic history of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Energy in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Energy policy of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Oil industry in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Health care in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Mining in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Bosnia and Herzegovina Stock Exchange
• Tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina is a fast growing sector in Bosnia-Herzegovina making up an important part in the economy of the country. The tourist business environment is constantly developing with an increasingly active tourism promotional system....
  
  
• Transport in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Transport in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  -Roadways:*total: 21,846 km**paved: 11,425 km **unpaved: 10,421 km -International:*E65*E73 , A1 highway*E661*E761*E762-Local:*Route 1**Route 1-8*Route 5...
  
  
  • Airports in Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Rail transport in Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Rail transport in Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Railway operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina are successors of the Yugoslav Railways within the country boundaries following independence from the Former Yugoslavia in 1992.-Overview:...
    
    
  • Roads in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Water supply and sanitation in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Main article: Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina

See also

• Index of Bosnia and Herzegovina-related articles
• List of Bosnia and Herzegovina-related topics
• List of international rankings
• Member state of the United Nations
• Outline of Europe
• Outline of geography
  Outline of geography
  The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to geography:Geography – science that studies the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth.- Geography is :...
  
  

External links

• Government of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina