Oxygen Transmission Rate
Encyclopedia
Oxygen transmission rate (OTR) is the measurement of the amount of oxygen
gas that passes through a substance over a given period. It is mostly carried out on non-porous materials, where the mode of transport is diffusion, but there are a growing number of applications where the transmission rate also depends on flow through apertures of some description.
It relates to the permeation
of oxygen through packaging to sensitive food
s and pharmaceuticals.
Other test methods include:
closures, natural cork
s show small variation in their oxygen transmission rate, which in turn translates to a degree of bottle variation
.
Oxygen
Oxygen is the element with atomic number 8 and represented by the symbol O. Its name derives from the Greek roots ὀξύς and -γενής , because at the time of naming, it was mistakenly thought that all acids required oxygen in their composition...
gas that passes through a substance over a given period. It is mostly carried out on non-porous materials, where the mode of transport is diffusion, but there are a growing number of applications where the transmission rate also depends on flow through apertures of some description.
It relates to the permeation
Permeation
Permeation, in physics and engineering, is the penetration of a permeate through a solid, and is related to a material's intrinsic permeability...
of oxygen through packaging to sensitive food
Food
Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for the body. It is usually of plant or animal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals...
s and pharmaceuticals.
Measurement
ASTM standard test methods include:- D3985 Standard Test Method for Oxygen Gas Transmission Rate Through Plastic Film and Sheeting Using a Coulometric Sensor
- F1307 Standard Test Method for Oxygen Transmission Rate Through Dry Packages Using a Coulometric Sensor
- F1927 Standard Test Method for Determination of Oxygen Gas Transmission Rate, Permeability and Permeance at Controlled Relative Humidity Through Barrier Materials Using a Coulometric Detector
- F2622 Standard Test Method for Oxygen Gas Transmission Rate Through Plastic Film and Sheeting Using Various Sensors
Other test methods include:
- The ambient oxygen ingress rate method (AOIR) an alternative method for measuring the oxygen transmission rates (OTR) of whole packages
Wine
Also a factor of increasing awareness in the debate surrounding wineWine
Wine is an alcoholic beverage, made of fermented fruit juice, usually from grapes. The natural chemical balance of grapes lets them ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, or other nutrients. Grape wine is produced by fermenting crushed grapes using various types of yeast. Yeast...
closures, natural cork
Cork (material)
Cork is an impermeable, buoyant material, a prime-subset of bark tissue that is harvested for commercial use primarily from Quercus suber , which is endemic to southwest Europe and northwest Africa...
s show small variation in their oxygen transmission rate, which in turn translates to a degree of bottle variation
Bottle variation
Bottle variation is the degree to which different bottles, nominally of the same product, can have different taste, smell, etc.There are many possible causes of bottle variation:* variation in the contents prior to packaging...
.