Protein kinase C epsilon type is an enzyme

Enzyme

Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process, called substrates, are converted into different molecules, called products. Almost all chemical reactions in a biological cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates...

 that in humans is encoded by the PRKCE gene

Gene

A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...

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Function

Protein kinase C

Protein kinase C

Protein kinase C also known as PKC is a family of enzymes that are involved in controlling the function of other proteins through the phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups of serine and threonine amino acid residues on these proteins. PKC enzymes in turn are activated by signals such as increases in...

 (PKC) is a family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that can be activated by calcium and the second messenger diacylglycerol. PKC family members phosphorylate

Phosphorylation

Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate group to a protein or other organic molecule. Phosphorylation activates or deactivates many protein enzymes....

 a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways. PKC family members also serve as major receptors for phorbol

Phorbol

Phorbol is a natural, plant-derived organic compound. It is a member of the tigliane family of diterpenes. It was first isolated in 1934 as the hydrolysis product of croton oil, which is derived from the seeds of Croton tiglium. Phorbol's structure was determined in 1967...

 esters, a class of tumor promoters. Each member of the PKC family has a specific expression profile and is believed to play a distinct role in cells. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the PKC family members. This kinase has been shown to be involved in many different cellular functions, such as apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death that may occur in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes and death. These changes include blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and chromosomal DNA fragmentation...

, cardioprotection from ischemia

Ischemia

In medicine, ischemia is a restriction in blood supply, generally due to factors in the blood vessels, with resultant damage or dysfunction of tissue. It may also be spelled ischaemia or ischæmia...

, heat shock

Heat shock

In biochemistry, heat shock is the effect of subjecting a cell to a higher temperature than that of the ideal body temperature of the organism from which the cell line was derived.-Heat shock response:...

 response, as well as insulin exocytosis

Exocytosis

Exocytosis , also known as 'The peni-cytosis', is the durable process by which a cell directs the contents of secretory vesicles out of the cell membrane...

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Clinical significance

Knockout and molecular studies in mice suggest that this kinase is important for regulating behavioural response to morphine and alcohol. . It also plays a role lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated signaling in activated macrophages and in controlling anxiety-like behavior.

Interactions

PRKCE has been shown to interact

Protein-protein interaction

Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...

 with Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CFTR gene.CFTR is a ABC transporter-class ion channel that transports chloride and thiocyanate ions across epithelial cell membranes...

, VDAC1

VDAC1

Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VDAC1 gene.-Interactions:VDAC1 has been shown to interact with Gelsolin, BCL2-like 1, PRKCE, Bcl-2-associated X protein and DYNLT3.- External links :...

, COPB2

COPB2

Coatomer subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COPB2 gene.-Interactions:COPB2 has been shown to interact with RGS4, PRKCE and COPB1.-Further reading:...

, Keratin 1

Keratin 1

Keratin 1 is a member of the keratin family. It is specifically expressed in the spinous and granular layers of the epidermis with family member keratin 10...

, YWHAZ

YWHAZ

14-3-3 protein zeta/delta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the YWHAZ gene.-Interactions:YWHAZ has been shown to interact with TSC2, LIMK1, CDC25B, AKT1, BCAR1, Interleukin-9 receptor, C-Raf, HMGN1, Vimentin, Tau protein, Protein kinase Mζ, GP1BB, GP1BA, TNFAIP3, Bcl-2-associated death...

, MYH9

MYH9

Myosin, heavy chain 9, non-muscle is a protein which in humans is encoded by the MYH9 gene.-Clinical significance:MYH9 polymorphisms have been shown to associate with glomerulosclerosis and non-diabetic end stage renal disease in African Americans and in Hispanic Americans, though it was later...

, Actin, alpha 1 and GNB2L1

GNB2L1

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-2-like 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNB2L1 gene.-Interactions:GNB2L1 has been shown to interact with PDE4D, STAT1, Tyrosine kinase 2, Src, Androgen receptor, AGTRAP, Janus kinase 1, FYN, Cyclin A1, IFNAR2, PRKCE, P73, RAS p21...

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Further reading