PSA Peugeot Citroën
Encyclopedia
PSA Peugeot Citroën is a French
manufacturer of automobiles and motorcycles sold under the Peugeot
and Citroën
marques. Headquartered in the 16th arrondissement of Paris
, PSA is the second largest automaker based in Europe and the number eight in the world.
and CX
) and Peugeot
was typically prudent in its own finances, the PSA venture was a financial success from 1976 to 1979. In late 1978, PSA purchased the failing Chrysler Europe
from the troubled U.S. parent firm for a nominal USD $1.00, plus assumption of outstanding debt, leading to losses for the consortium from 1980 to 1985. During this period, PSA lost its traditional competitive footing in the executive car
market.
In October 2011, PSA Peugeot Citroen has announced to cut 5,000 non-production jobs in Europe in a cost-cutting effort. There are no cut for production employees, although the two-companies are planning temporary work stoppages at some factories inline with reducing demand of vehicles caused by the European Sovereign Debt Crisis.
The two brands retained their separate sales and marketing structures, but have benefited from a common technology, development and assembling assets.
PSA is actively committed to develop its market presence and sales in many fast growing developing countries and regions of the world. This led to huge investments and partnerships in South America
, Iran
(Iran Khodro
) and China
(Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën Automobile). It announced plans to invest €
650 million in a manufacturing plant in Sanand
, India
. With a capacity of 170,000 vehicles, the Sanand plant is expected to be operational by 2014.
Jean-Martin Folz was PSA's CEO
between 1996 and early 2007, when he was replaced by former Airbus
head Christian Streiff
. Streiff was sacked on 29 March 2009, a day after the company posted a full year loss for 2008. Streiff was replaced by Corus Group
chief executive Philippe Varin.
winners :
Former subsidiaries
known as Sevel (Société Européenne de Véhicules Légers SA and Società Europea Veicoli Leggeri-Sevel S.p.A., owned 50% by Fiat, 25% by Automobiles Peugeot and 25% by Automobiles Citroën). As a result of this, two factories have been built assembling three ranges of vehicles, Sevel Nord and Sevel Sud. Peugeot and Fiat's Argentinian operations were also joined under the name of Sevel Argentina S.A.
(Sociedad Europea de Vehículos para Latinoamérica), although Fiat withdrew in 1995.
There was a more recent agreement with Toyota Motor Corporation for the development and manufacturing of a series of city car
s in a new factory in the Czech Republic
. The resulting company is called TPCA (Toyota Peugeot Citroën Automobile) and it currently manufactures the Citroën C1
, Peugeot 107
and Toyota Aygo
.
There was also a new agreement with PSA and BMW
; the new Prince engine
was designed by this joint venture and replace PSA's old TU engine family
.
In 2005, PSA Peugeot Citroën formed an alliance with Mitsubishi Motors. Under the deal, PSA Peugeot Citroën would import the Citroën C-Crosser and Peugeot 4007
for sale in Europe. Those two models were based on the Mitsubishi Outlander
, and would be assembled at Mitsubishi's plant in Okazaki
, Japan. Engine choices would include PSA Peugeot Citroën's diesel engines and Mitsubishi's petrol engines.
PSA, in a joint venture partnership with Ford Motor Company
since 1998, currently supplies 1.4L, 1.6L, 2.0L and 2.2L diesel engines used in the various models by Ford and its subsidiaries. In return, PSA gets diesel engines with displacement of 2.2L and above, suitable for large passenger cars and commercial vehicles.
PSA also sell their engines, gearboxes and other parts for minor companies like Side-Bike, DeLaChapelle
, PGO
and others.
Mitsubishi Motors
and PSA Peugeot Citroen are going to collaborate in technology for electric vehicle
s as the global race to build green cars heats up.
, a company created by a 1997 merger between Bertrand Faure and PSA-owned ECIA. PSA also owns the logistics company Gefco and in the United Kingdom since 1981 operates the aftermarket parts company Motaquip. The Company also invested 4 billion for establishing new plant in Gujarat, India
to develop an electric car, the Citroën C-ZERO
, for the European market based on i MiEV four-door car, which has been available in Japan since summer 2009.
. The 50000 sqm 1961 building houses around 2,000 employees. 900 sqm of space in the lobby includes an automobile showroom.
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
manufacturer of automobiles and motorcycles sold under the Peugeot
Peugeot
Peugeot is a major French car brand, part of PSA Peugeot Citroën, the second largest carmaker based in Europe.The family business that precedes the current Peugeot company was founded in 1810, and manufactured coffee mills and bicycles. On 20 November 1858, Emile Peugeot applied for the lion...
and Citroën
Citroën
Citroën is a major French automobile manufacturer, part of the PSA Peugeot Citroën group.Founded in 1919 by French industrialist André-Gustave Citroën , Citroën was the first mass-production car company outside the USA and pioneered the modern concept of creating a sales and services network that...
marques. Headquartered in the 16th arrondissement of Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, PSA is the second largest automaker based in Europe and the number eight in the world.
History
In December 1974 Peugeot S.A. acquired a 38.2% share of Citroën. On 9 April 1976they increased their stake of the then bankrupt company to 89.95%, thus creating the PSA Group (where PSA is short for Peugeot Société Anonyme, later to be changed to PSA Peugeot Citroën). Since Citroën had two successful new designs in the market at this time (the GSCitroën GS
The Citroën GS and Citroën GSA are small family cars produced by the French automaker Citroën. The GS was voted European Car of the Year for 1971, and was probably the most technologically advanced car in its class when launched, with class leading comfort, safety and aerodynamics.-Market...
and CX
Citroën CX
The Citroën CX is an automobile produced by the French automaker Citroën from 1974 to 1991. Citroën sold nearly 1.2 million CXs during its 16 years of production. The CX was voted European Car of the Year in 1975....
) and Peugeot
Peugeot
Peugeot is a major French car brand, part of PSA Peugeot Citroën, the second largest carmaker based in Europe.The family business that precedes the current Peugeot company was founded in 1810, and manufactured coffee mills and bicycles. On 20 November 1858, Emile Peugeot applied for the lion...
was typically prudent in its own finances, the PSA venture was a financial success from 1976 to 1979. In late 1978, PSA purchased the failing Chrysler Europe
Chrysler Europe
Chrysler Europe was a division of the Chrysler Corporation that operated between 1967 and 1979.-Formation:In the 1960s, Chrysler sought to become a world producer of automobiles. The company had never had much success outside North America, contrasting with Ford's worldwide reach and General...
from the troubled U.S. parent firm for a nominal USD $1.00, plus assumption of outstanding debt, leading to losses for the consortium from 1980 to 1985. During this period, PSA lost its traditional competitive footing in the executive car
Executive car
Executive car is a British term that refers to a car's size and is used to describe an automobile larger than a large family car. In official use, the term is adopted by EuroNCAP, a European organisation founded to test car safety.- History :...
market.
In October 2011, PSA Peugeot Citroen has announced to cut 5,000 non-production jobs in Europe in a cost-cutting effort. There are no cut for production employees, although the two-companies are planning temporary work stoppages at some factories inline with reducing demand of vehicles caused by the European Sovereign Debt Crisis.
The company
PSA is actively committed to develop its market presence and sales in many fast growing developing countries and regions of the world. This led to huge investments and partnerships in South America
South America
South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...
, Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
(Iran Khodro
Iran Khodro
Iran Khodro Company, also known as IKCO, is the leading Iranian automaker with headquarters in Tehran. The company's original name was Iran National. IKCO was founded in 1962 and it produced 688,000 passenger cars in 2009...
) and China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
(Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën Automobile). It announced plans to invest €
Euro
The euro is the official currency of the eurozone: 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union. It is also the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,...
650 million in a manufacturing plant in Sanand
Sanand
Sanand is a city and a municipality in Ahmedabad district in the Indian state of Gujarat. It is also referred as Auto hub or Detroit of Gujarat.-History:...
, India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
. With a capacity of 170,000 vehicles, the Sanand plant is expected to be operational by 2014.
Jean-Martin Folz was PSA's CEO
Chief executive officer
A chief executive officer , managing director , Executive Director for non-profit organizations, or chief executive is the highest-ranking corporate officer or administrator in charge of total management of an organization...
between 1996 and early 2007, when he was replaced by former Airbus
Airbus
Airbus SAS is an aircraft manufacturing subsidiary of EADS, a European aerospace company. Based in Blagnac, France, surburb of Toulouse, and with significant activity across Europe, the company produces around half of the world's jet airliners....
head Christian Streiff
Christian Streiff
Christian Streiff is a French businessman.Streiff was born at Sarrebourg, Moselle. He was nominated chief executive officer of the European commercial aircraft manufacturer Airbus S.A.S. on July 2, 2006. He resigned from this position three months later, on October 9, 2006, and was replaced by...
. Streiff was sacked on 29 March 2009, a day after the company posted a full year loss for 2008. Streiff was replaced by Corus Group
Corus Group
Tata Steel Europe is a multinational steel-making company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It is the second-largest steel-maker in Europe and is a subsidiary of Tata Steel of India, one of the ten largest steel producers in the world.Corus Group was formed through the merger of Koninklijke...
chief executive Philippe Varin.
European Car of the Year
Peugeot S.A., Citroën and PSA have produced a number of European Car of the YearEuropean Car of the Year
The European Car of the Year award was established in 1964 by a collective of automobile magazines from different countries in Europe. The current organisers of the award are Auto , Autocar , Autopista , Autovisie , L'Automobile Magazine , Stern and Vi Bilägare .The voting jury consists of motoring...
winners :
- 1969 - Peugeot 504Peugeot 504The Peugeot 504 is a large family car manufactured by French automaker Peugeot between 1968 and 1983, with licensed production continuing until 2006.-1968 — introduction:...
- 1971 - Citroën GSCitroën GSThe Citroën GS and Citroën GSA are small family cars produced by the French automaker Citroën. The GS was voted European Car of the Year for 1971, and was probably the most technologically advanced car in its class when launched, with class leading comfort, safety and aerodynamics.-Market...
- 1975 - Citroën CXCitroën CXThe Citroën CX is an automobile produced by the French automaker Citroën from 1974 to 1991. Citroën sold nearly 1.2 million CXs during its 16 years of production. The CX was voted European Car of the Year in 1975....
- 1988 - Peugeot 405Peugeot 405The Peugeot 405 is a large family car released by the French automaker Peugeot in July 1987 and which continues to be manufactured under licence outside France. It used TU/XU petrol and XUD diesel engines....
- 1990 - Citroën XMCitroën XMThe Citroën XM is an executive car that was produced by the French automaker Citroën between 1989 and 2000. Citroën sold 333,775 XMs during the model's 11 years of production...
- 2002 - Peugeot 307Peugeot 307The Peugeot 307 is a small family car produced by the French Peugeot manufacturer since 2001. It was awarded the European Car of the Year title for 2002, and continues to be offered in China and certain South American markets through 2009 despite the French launch of the 308 in September...
Subsidiaries
- CitroënCitroënCitroën is a major French automobile manufacturer, part of the PSA Peugeot Citroën group.Founded in 1919 by French industrialist André-Gustave Citroën , Citroën was the first mass-production car company outside the USA and pioneered the modern concept of creating a sales and services network that...
- PeugeotPeugeotPeugeot is a major French car brand, part of PSA Peugeot Citroën, the second largest carmaker based in Europe.The family business that precedes the current Peugeot company was founded in 1810, and manufactured coffee mills and bicycles. On 20 November 1858, Emile Peugeot applied for the lion...
- FaureciaFaureciaFaurecia is one of the largest international automotive parts manufacturer in the world . It produces 6 types of car modules: seats, cockpits, doors, acoustic packages, front end and exhaust. Faurecia's customers include the Volkswagen group, PSA Peugeot Citroën, Renault-Nissan, Ford, General...
(majority stake) - Gefco
- Banque PSA Finance
- Peugeot Motocycles
- Peugeot Citroën Moteurs
- Process Conception Ingénierie
Former subsidiaries
- Cycles PeugeotCycles PeugeotPeugeot was a manufacturer in the French bicycle industry through the 20th century.-History:Peugeot was a French manufacturer of bicycles founded by Jean Pequignot Peugeot who, in the 19th century, made water mills...
- Produced bicycle from the 1882 until 2005. In 1987 ProCycle of Canada acquired rights to distribute French-made Peugeots in North America and in 1990, Cycles Peugeot sold the North American rights to market bicycles under the Peugeot name to the Canadian firm ProCycle. In 2001, ProCycle discontinued the Peugeot bicycle brand. In Europe, the license to produce Peugeot-branded bicycles was sold to Cycleurope, a company making bicycles under different names, on condition that it would be reconsidered in 2004. That license was later withdrawn for Europe, though production of bicycles for export continued for another year.
Collaborations
PSA held a collaboration agreement with FiatFiat
FIAT, an acronym for Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino , is an Italian automobile manufacturer, engine manufacturer, financial, and industrial group based in Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont. Fiat was founded in 1899 by a group of investors including Giovanni Agnelli...
known as Sevel (Société Européenne de Véhicules Légers SA and Società Europea Veicoli Leggeri-Sevel S.p.A., owned 50% by Fiat, 25% by Automobiles Peugeot and 25% by Automobiles Citroën). As a result of this, two factories have been built assembling three ranges of vehicles, Sevel Nord and Sevel Sud. Peugeot and Fiat's Argentinian operations were also joined under the name of Sevel Argentina S.A.
Sevel Argentina S.A.
Sevel Argentina was an automobile company that produced and marketed Fiat, Peugeot, Alfa Romeo, Chevrolet, and Citroën automobiles for the Argentinian market until it was dissolved in 1999...
(Sociedad Europea de Vehículos para Latinoamérica), although Fiat withdrew in 1995.
There was a more recent agreement with Toyota Motor Corporation for the development and manufacturing of a series of city car
City car
A city car is a small car intended for use primarily in an urban area.City cars are sold worldwide and most automotive industry manufacturers have one or two in their line-up. In North-America city cars are often referred to simply as "subcompacts" alongside the superminis. These kind of cars...
s in a new factory in the Czech Republic
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
. The resulting company is called TPCA (Toyota Peugeot Citroën Automobile) and it currently manufactures the Citroën C1
Citroën C1
The Citroën C1 is a city car produced by the French manufacturer Citroën since 2005.The C1 was developed as part of the B-Zero project by PSA Peugeot Citroën in a joint-venture with Toyota. The Peugeot 107 is identical to the C1 other than the front bumper and front and rear lights, while the...
, Peugeot 107
Peugeot 107
The Peugeot 107 is a city car produced by French automaker Peugeot since mid 2005.The 107 was developed by the B-Zero project of PSA Peugeot Citroën in a joint-venture with Toyota; the Citroën C1 and Toyota Aygo are badge engineered versions of the same car, although the Aygo has more detail...
and Toyota Aygo
Toyota Aygo
The Toyota Aygo is a city car sold by Toyota in Europe since 2005. All Aygos are built at the new factory of the Toyota Peugeot Citroën Automobile Czech joint venture in Kolin, Czech Republic. The Aygo was first displayed at the 2005 Salon de l'Automobile de Genève...
.
There was also a new agreement with PSA and BMW
BMW
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG is a German automobile, motorcycle and engine manufacturing company founded in 1916. It also owns and produces the Mini marque, and is the parent company of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. BMW produces motorcycles under BMW Motorrad and Husqvarna brands...
; the new Prince engine
Prince engine
Prince is the codename for a family of modern automobile straight-4 engines developed jointly by BMW and PSA Peugeot Citroën. It is a compact engine family of 1.4–1.6 L in displacement and includes most modern features including gasoline direct injection and variable valve timing.For...
was designed by this joint venture and replace PSA's old TU engine family
PSA TU engine
The PSA TU engine is a family of small four-cylinder engines used in the Peugeot and Citroën range of cars. It was introduced in 1986 with the Citroën AX, replacing the X family, although it shared many components with its predecessor...
.
In 2005, PSA Peugeot Citroën formed an alliance with Mitsubishi Motors. Under the deal, PSA Peugeot Citroën would import the Citroën C-Crosser and Peugeot 4007
Peugeot 4007
The Peugeot 4007 is a compact crossover SUV produced by the French automobile manufacturer Peugeot since July 2007.The equivalent Citroën badge-engineered version is the C-Crosser, both of which will be produced by Mitsubishi in its Nedcar plant, in Netherlands on the basis of the new Outlander...
for sale in Europe. Those two models were based on the Mitsubishi Outlander
Mitsubishi Outlander
The Airtrek was first introduced to the Japanese market on June 20, 2001, priced from ¥1.7–2.3 million. It offered a choice of either a 4G63 2.0 L or a 4G64 2.4 L GDI, mated to a standard INVECS-II 4-speed semi-automatic transmission. Both front- and four-wheel drive were available...
, and would be assembled at Mitsubishi's plant in Okazaki
Okazaki, Aichi
is a city located in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of August 2011, the city had an estimated population of 373,339 and a population density of 964 persons per km². The total area was 387.24 km².-Geography:...
, Japan. Engine choices would include PSA Peugeot Citroën's diesel engines and Mitsubishi's petrol engines.
PSA, in a joint venture partnership with Ford Motor Company
Ford Motor Company
Ford Motor Company is an American multinational automaker based in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. The automaker was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. In addition to the Ford and Lincoln brands, Ford also owns a small stake in Mazda in Japan and Aston Martin in the UK...
since 1998, currently supplies 1.4L, 1.6L, 2.0L and 2.2L diesel engines used in the various models by Ford and its subsidiaries. In return, PSA gets diesel engines with displacement of 2.2L and above, suitable for large passenger cars and commercial vehicles.
PSA also sell their engines, gearboxes and other parts for minor companies like Side-Bike, DeLaChapelle
De La Chapelle
DeLaChapelle is a French independent car builder. Founded in the early 1970s by Xavier De La Chapelle, a former Venturi director, the brand started as a Bugatti replica maker....
, PGO
PGO (Automobile)
PGO Automobiles is a French car manufacturer, producing exclusive series' of sports cars. The brand operates in the same special market as Lotus, Wiesmann, Donkervoort and Morgan...
and others.
Mitsubishi Motors
Mitsubishi Motors
is a multinational automaker headquartered in Minato, Tokyo. In 2009 it was the fifth-largest Japan-based automaker and the 17th-largest in the world measured by production...
and PSA Peugeot Citroen are going to collaborate in technology for electric vehicle
Electric vehicle
An electric vehicle , also referred to as an electric drive vehicle, uses one or more electric motors or traction motors for propulsion...
s as the global race to build green cars heats up.
Other interests
PSA owns about 71% of automotive supplier FaureciaFaurecia
Faurecia is one of the largest international automotive parts manufacturer in the world . It produces 6 types of car modules: seats, cockpits, doors, acoustic packages, front end and exhaust. Faurecia's customers include the Volkswagen group, PSA Peugeot Citroën, Renault-Nissan, Ford, General...
, a company created by a 1997 merger between Bertrand Faure and PSA-owned ECIA. PSA also owns the logistics company Gefco and in the United Kingdom since 1981 operates the aftermarket parts company Motaquip. The Company also invested 4 billion for establishing new plant in Gujarat, India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
Electric vehicles
PSA has announced plans to sell an electric car in Europe starting 2010. PSA signed an agreement with MitsubishiMitsubishi
The Mitsubishi Group , Mitsubishi Group of Companies, or Mitsubishi Companies is a Japanese multinational conglomerate company that consists of a range of autonomous businesses which share the Mitsubishi brand, trademark and legacy...
to develop an electric car, the Citroën C-ZERO
Citroën C-ZERO
The Citroën C-Zero is a electric supermini/city car produced by Citroën. It was developed in collaboration with Mitsubishi Motors Corporation. Its sister will be marketed by Peugeot as the Peugeot iOn...
, for the European market based on i MiEV four-door car, which has been available in Japan since summer 2009.
Head office
The head office of PSA Peugeot Citroën is located in the 16th arrondissement of ParisParis
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
. The 50000 sqm 1961 building houses around 2,000 employees. 900 sqm of space in the lobby includes an automobile showroom.
See also
- Sevel Van
- Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën AutomobileDongfeng Peugeot-Citroën AutomobileDongfeng Peugeot-Citroën Automobile is a joint venture between the Dongfeng Motor Corporation and the French PSA Peugeot Citroën. Based in Wuhan, capital of Hubei province, it manufactures Peugeot and Citroën models for sale in China...
- VigoVigoVigo is a city and municipality in north-west Spain, in Galicia, situated on the ria of the same name on the Atlantic Ocean.-Population:...
, in Galicia has PSA's biggest factory in the world