PVRL1
Encyclopedia
Poliovirus receptor-related 1 (herpesvirus entry mediator C; nectin-1; CD111), also known as PVRL1, is a human gene
that encodes a protein of immunoglobulin superfamily
(IgSF) also considered a member of the nectin
s . It is a membrane protein with three extracellular immunoglobulin domains, a single transmembrane helix and a cytoplasmic tail. The protein can mediate Ca2+
-independent cellular adhesion further characterizing it as IgSF cell adhesion molecule (IgSF CAM).
PVRL1 is adhesion molecule found in a wide range of tissues where is localizes in various junctions such as the adherens junction
of epithelial tissue or the chemical synapse
of neurons. The cytoplasmic tail of PVRL1 can bind the protein afadin
which is a scaffolding protein that binds actin
.
In the chemical synapse PVRL1 interacts with PVRL3
(nectin-3) and both proteins can be found in neuronal tissue already in early stages of brain developmen as well as in aging brains. Inerestingly the two proteins have been found to localize asymmetrically along the chemical synapse, with PVRL1 primarily on the axon
al side and PVRL3 on the dendritic
side.
The protein has been revealed as one of the key playerse in mediating cellular entry of the Herpes simplex virus
by interacting with the viral glycoprotein D (gD).
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
that encodes a protein of immunoglobulin superfamily
Immunoglobulin superfamily
The immunoglobulin superfamily is a large group of cell surface and soluble proteins that are involved in the recognition, binding, or adhesion processes of cells. Molecules are categorized as members of this superfamily based on shared structural features with immunoglobulins ; they all possess a...
(IgSF) also considered a member of the nectin
Nectin
Nectins and Nectin-like molecules are families of cellular adhesion molecules involved in Ca2+-independent cellular adhesion.Nectins are ubiquitously expressed and have adhesive roles in a wide range of tissues such as the adherens junction of epithelia or the chemical synapse of the neuronal...
s . It is a membrane protein with three extracellular immunoglobulin domains, a single transmembrane helix and a cytoplasmic tail. The protein can mediate Ca2+
Calcium in biology
Calcium plays a pivotal role in the physiology and biochemistry of organisms and the cell. It plays an important role in signal transduction pathways, where it acts as a second messenger, in neurotransmitter release from neurons, contraction of all muscle cell types, and fertilization...
-independent cellular adhesion further characterizing it as IgSF cell adhesion molecule (IgSF CAM).
PVRL1 is adhesion molecule found in a wide range of tissues where is localizes in various junctions such as the adherens junction
Adherens junction
Adherens junctions are protein complexes that occur at cell–cell junctions in epithelial tissues, usually more basal than tight junctions...
of epithelial tissue or the chemical synapse
Chemical synapse
Chemical synapses are specialized junctions through which neurons signal to each other and to non-neuronal cells such as those in muscles or glands. Chemical synapses allow neurons to form circuits within the central nervous system. They are crucial to the biological computations that underlie...
of neurons. The cytoplasmic tail of PVRL1 can bind the protein afadin
MLLT4
Afadin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MLLT4 gene.-Interactions:MLLT4 has been shown to interact with F11 receptor, RAP1A, LMO2, EPHB3, RAP1GAP, PVRL1, PVRL3, USP9X, SORBS1, BCR gene, Tight junction protein 1, Profilin 1, HRAS and SSX2IP.-Further reading:...
which is a scaffolding protein that binds actin
Actin
Actin is a globular, roughly 42-kDa moonlighting protein found in all eukaryotic cells where it may be present at concentrations of over 100 μM. It is also one of the most highly-conserved proteins, differing by no more than 20% in species as diverse as algae and humans...
.
In the chemical synapse PVRL1 interacts with PVRL3
PVRL3
Poliovirus receptor-related 3 , also known as PVRL3 and CD113 , is a human gene.-Interactions:PVRL3 has been shown to interact with MLLT4, PARD3, and PTPmu ....
(nectin-3) and both proteins can be found in neuronal tissue already in early stages of brain developmen as well as in aging brains. Inerestingly the two proteins have been found to localize asymmetrically along the chemical synapse, with PVRL1 primarily on the axon
Axon
An axon is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body or soma....
al side and PVRL3 on the dendritic
Dendrite
Dendrites are the branched projections of a neuron that act to conduct the electrochemical stimulation received from other neural cells to the cell body, or soma, of the neuron from which the dendrites project...
side.
The protein has been revealed as one of the key playerse in mediating cellular entry of the Herpes simplex virus
Herpes simplex virus
Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 , also known as Human herpes virus 1 and 2 , are two members of the herpes virus family, Herpesviridae, that infect humans. Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 are ubiquitous and contagious...
by interacting with the viral glycoprotein D (gD).