Pandrol is a British company, which manufactures clips used on rail tracks.

Overview

The Pandrol clip was patented in 1957 by a Norwegian

Norway

Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...

 railways engineer, Per Pande Rolfsen. Nowadays it is common worldwide. Pandrol has manufacturing plants in 12 countries and 82 markets. Over 240 railway systems in 91 countries adopted its products. The original clip is now called the "PR-clip". The clip has to be manufactured with the right amount of tempering (or springiness) so that it exerts the right amount of force on the rail foot to hold it in place, but not so much force that the clip cannot be inserted or withdrawn.

Fastclip

The Pandrol "Fastclip" was introduced in 2000 to overcome some of the limitations of the original E-clip. In particular, the Fastclip is captive to the concrete

Concrete

Concrete is a composite construction material, composed of cement and other cementitious materials such as fly ash and slag cement, aggregate , water and chemical admixtures.The word concrete comes from the Latin word...

 sleeper

Railroad tie

A railroad tie/railway tie , or railway sleeper is a rectangular item used to support the rails in railroad tracks...

to which it is attached and is more suitable for automatic insertion and extraction.