Pandulf II of Benevento
Encyclopedia
Pandulf II the Old was the prince of Benevento from 981 and prince of Capua (as Pandulf III) from 1008 or 1009 to his death, the son of Landulf III
who was co-prince between 959 and 968. Pandulf was first associated as co-prince (in Capua) in 977.
On his father's death, Pandulf was marginalised by his uncle, the reigning Pandulf Ironhead
, who gave Capua and Benevento to his eldest son Landulf IV
on his death in 981. That year, however, Landulf IV was forced to divide his principality for the first time since 910. Benevento was given to Pandulf. In May 987, he associated his son Landulf
with him in the tradition of the Capuan dynasty begun by Atenulf I
.
In 999, Otto III visited the shrine at the Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo
on Monte Gargano
. On his return through Benevento, he signed a diploma in favour of the monastery of S. Sofia on 11 March. S. Sofia was the familial foundation of Pandulf's line and probably acted as their mausoleum. For reasons unknown, Otto and Pandulf had a falling out in 1000, possibly over the relics of Saint Bartholomew, patron saint of Benevento, to whom Otto had constructed a new church on the Isola Tiberina—San Bartolomeo all'Isola
—just recently. According to the Annales Beneventani, Otto rex cum magno exercitu obsedit Benevento: "King Otto with a large army besieged Benevento." Nothing, however, came of it, except perhaps the yielding of certain relics (possibly the skin of Bartholomew).
Also in that millennial year, the Capuans ousted their imperialist prince, Adhemar
, and invited Landulf di Sant'Agata
, Pandulf's brother, to be their new prince. In 1003, a rebellion led by Adelfer, Count of Avellino
, ousted Pandulf and his son from Benevento. The princes did not remain exiled for long, however. In 1005, we find them ruling from their capital again. The revolt was a bad sign, though. Civil unrest was rising in the principality.
In 1007, Landulf of Capua died and Pandulf succeeded him alongside his son, Pandulf II of Capua
. In 1011, 1012, or 1013, Pandulf's eponymous grandson, Pandulf III
, the son of Landulf, was associated with the rule of Benevento. Thereafter, Pandulf the elder recedes from the pages of history until his death is recorded in 1014.
Landulf III of Benevento
Landulf III was Prince of Capua and Benevento from 959 as co-prince with his father, Landulf II and brother Pandulf Ironhead, and from 961 only with his brother. His mother was Yvantia....
who was co-prince between 959 and 968. Pandulf was first associated as co-prince (in Capua) in 977.
On his father's death, Pandulf was marginalised by his uncle, the reigning Pandulf Ironhead
Pandulf Ironhead
Pandulf I Ironhead was the Prince of Benevento and Capua from 943 until his death. He was made Duke of Spoleto and Camerino in 967 and succeeded as Prince of Salerno in 977 or 978...
, who gave Capua and Benevento to his eldest son Landulf IV
Landulf IV of Benevento
Landulf IV was the prince of Capua and Benevento from 968, when he was associated with his father, Pandulf Ironhead, and prince of Salerno associated with his father from 977 or 978...
on his death in 981. That year, however, Landulf IV was forced to divide his principality for the first time since 910. Benevento was given to Pandulf. In May 987, he associated his son Landulf
Landulf V of Benevento
Landulf V was the prince of Benevento from May 987, when he was first associated with his father Pandulf II, to his death. He was chief prince from his father's death in 1014....
with him in the tradition of the Capuan dynasty begun by Atenulf I
Atenulf I of Capua
Atenulf I , called the Great , was the prince of Capua from 7 January 887 and of Benevento from 899, when he conquered that principality...
.
In 999, Otto III visited the shrine at the Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo
Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo
The Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo sul Gargano, sometimes called simply Monte Gargano, is a Catholic sanctuary on Mount Gargano, Italy, part of the commune of Monte Sant'Angelo, in the province of Foggia, northern Apulia....
on Monte Gargano
Monte Gargano
Gargano is a historical and geographical Italian sub-region situated in Apulia, consisting of a wide isolated mountain massif made of highland and several peaks and forming the backbone of the Gargano Promontory projecting into the Adriatic Sea. The high point is Monte Calvo at . Most of the upland...
. On his return through Benevento, he signed a diploma in favour of the monastery of S. Sofia on 11 March. S. Sofia was the familial foundation of Pandulf's line and probably acted as their mausoleum. For reasons unknown, Otto and Pandulf had a falling out in 1000, possibly over the relics of Saint Bartholomew, patron saint of Benevento, to whom Otto had constructed a new church on the Isola Tiberina—San Bartolomeo all'Isola
San Bartolomeo all'Isola
The Basilica of St. Bartholomew on the Island is a titular minor basilica, located in Rome, Italy. It was founded at the end of the 10th century by Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor. It contains the relics of St...
—just recently. According to the Annales Beneventani, Otto rex cum magno exercitu obsedit Benevento: "King Otto with a large army besieged Benevento." Nothing, however, came of it, except perhaps the yielding of certain relics (possibly the skin of Bartholomew).
Also in that millennial year, the Capuans ousted their imperialist prince, Adhemar
Adhemar of Capua
Adhemar was the Duke of Spoleto from 998 and Prince of Capua from 1000. Before his death, he lost both domains. He is not mentioned as duke of Spoleto after December 999.He was the son of Balsamo, a Capuan cleric...
, and invited Landulf di Sant'Agata
Landulf VII of Capua
Landulf VII , also numbered Landulf IV or V , called Landolfo di Sant'Agata, was the prince of Capua from 1000 to his death. He was the second son of Landulf III of Benevento, who was only ever a co-ruler. Thus, he was easily removed from the succession on his father's death...
, Pandulf's brother, to be their new prince. In 1003, a rebellion led by Adelfer, Count of Avellino
Avellino
Avellino is a town and comune, capital of the province of Avellino in the Campania region of southern Italy. It is situated in a plain surrounded by mountains 42 km north-east of Naples and is an important hub on the road from Salerno to Benevento.-History:Before the Roman conquest, the...
, ousted Pandulf and his son from Benevento. The princes did not remain exiled for long, however. In 1005, we find them ruling from their capital again. The revolt was a bad sign, though. Civil unrest was rising in the principality.
In 1007, Landulf of Capua died and Pandulf succeeded him alongside his son, Pandulf II of Capua
Pandulf II of Capua
Pandulf II , called the Black or the Young, was the son and successor of Landulf VII of Capua in 1007. He ruled jointly with his uncle, Pandulf II of Benevento, who was originally his regent, until the latter's death in 1014.It is recorded that he ruled jointly with his father, but from what date...
. In 1011, 1012, or 1013, Pandulf's eponymous grandson, Pandulf III
Pandulf III of Benevento
Pandulf III was the prince of Benevento in the Mezzogiorno in medieval Italy, first as co-ruler with his father, Landulf V, and grandfather, Pandulf II, from 1012 or thereabouts to 1014, when the elder Pandulf died. He co-ruled with his father until his death in 1033...
, the son of Landulf, was associated with the rule of Benevento. Thereafter, Pandulf the elder recedes from the pages of history until his death is recorded in 1014.
Children
- GaitelgrimaGaitelgrimaGaitelgrima is a Lombard feminine name. There are several notable Gaitelgrimas in history. The identities of these four women are often confused because they were all closely related to each other and to two men: Guaimar III of Salerno and his son, Guaimar IV, whose enumeration is often altered...
, married Guaimar III of SalernoGuaimar III of SalernoGuaimar III was duke of Salerno from around 994 to his death. His date of death is sometimes given as 1030 or 1031, but the most reliable sources consistently indicate 1027. Under his reign, Salerno entered an era of great splendour... - Maria, married Sergius II of AmalfiSergius II of AmalfiSergius II was the Patrician and Duke of Amalfi, the son and successor of John I, who co-reigned with his father until the latter's death in 1007....
- Landulf V of BeneventoLandulf V of BeneventoLandulf V was the prince of Benevento from May 987, when he was first associated with his father Pandulf II, to his death. He was chief prince from his father's death in 1014....
- Pandulf IV of CapuaPandulf IV of CapuaPandulf IV was the Prince of Capua on three separate occasions.From February 1016 to 1022 he ruled in association with his cousin Pandulf II. In 1018, the Byzantine catapan Boiannes destroyed the Lombard army of Melus of Bari and his Norman allies at Cannae...
- Atenulf, Abbot of Montecassino