Panoan is a family of languages spoken in Peru

Peru

Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....

, western Brazil

Brazil

Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...

, and Bolivia

Bolivia

Bolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America...

. It is a branch of the larger Pano–Tacanan family.

Family division

Panoan consists of some two dozen languages:

• Kaxararí ( Kashararí) (Eastern Panoan)
• Kulino ( Culino) (†)
• "Mainline" branch
  • Cashibo group (Western Panoan)
    • Nocamán ( Nokamán, Nocomán) (†)
    • Cashibo ( Cacataibo, Kashibo, Cashibo, Caxibo, Cacibo, Cachibo, Cahivo, Managua, Hagueti)
  • Pano group
    • Pánobo
      Panobo language
      Pánobo or Pano is a recently extinct Panoan language of Peru. Huariapano is sometimes considered a distinct language....
      
       ( Panobo, Manoa, Pelado) (†)
    • Huariapano ( Pano, Waripano, Pana, Pelado) (†)
  • Shipibo group
    • Shipibo
      Shipibo language
      Shipibo is a Panoan language spoken in Peru and Brazil by approximately 26,000 speakers. Shipibo is an official language of Peru....
      
       ( Shipibo-Conibo, Shipibo-Konibo)
    • Capanahua ( Kapanawa)
    • Marubo
      Marúbo language
      Marúbo is a Panoan language of Brazil....
      
       ( Marobo, Marúbo, Maruba, Marova, Kaniuá)
    • Waninnawa ( Panoan Katukína, Catuquina, Kamanawa, Kamannaua, Katukina do Juruá, Katukina Pano)
    • Remo ( Sakuya, Kukini, Rheno) (†)
    • Tuxinawa ( Tushinawa, Tuxináwa, Tuchinaua) (†)
  • Tri-State group ( Amawak–Jaminawa)
    • Amahuaca
      Amahuaca language
      Amahuaca is an indigenous American Panoan-family language spoken by several dozen people in the Amazon Basin in Perú but up to 130 and also in Brazil by 220 people. It is also known as Amawaka, Amaguaco, Ameuhaque, Ipitineri, and Sayaco. The most closely related languages are Cashinahua and...
      
       ( Amawaka, Amaguaco, Ameuhaque, Ipitineri, Sayaco, Amawáka, Amawaca, Amenguaca, Sayacu)
    • Isconahua
      Isconahua language
      Isconahua or Iscobaquebu is an indigenous American language of the Panoan family. It is spoken by the Isconahua tribe in Peru. The Isconahua is a very isolated tribe and has very little contact with the outside world.As of 2000, there were 82 speakers....
      
       ( Iscobakebo, Iskonawa, Iscobaquebu)
    • Cashinahua ( Kashinawa, Kaxinawa, Tuxinawa, Kaxinawá, Kaxynawa, Caxinawa, Caxinawá, Cashinahuá, Kaxinauá)
    • Sharanawa
      Sharanawa language
      Sharanawa is a Panoan language of Peru. There are 200 Sharanawa in Brazil, but they no longer speak the language....
      
       ( Marinahua, Mastanahua, Sharanahua, Acre Arara, Marináwa)
    • Yora
      Yora language
      The Yora language also called Yura or Yuranahua is an indigenous language of Peru in the region of Manú National Park on the Panagua River. It belongs to the Panoan language family which also counts Cashibo language, Shipibo language the languages most closely related to Yora are the Yaminahua and...
      
       ( Yura, Yoranahua, Parquenahua, Manu Park Panoan, Nahua)
    • Yaminahua
      Yaminahua language
      The Yaminahua language is a Panoan language in Western Amazonia.Linguists estimate 1244 people speak the language. Its ISO 639-3 code is YAA. Very few Yaminawá people speak Spanish or Portuguese, and their literacy rate is extremely low.-External links:...
      
       ( Yaminawa, Jaminawá, Yuminahua, Yamanawa, Jaminawa)
    • Atsahuaca ( Yamiaca, Atsawaka-Yamiaka) (†)
    • Parannawa (†)
    • Puinaua ( Poyanawa, Poyanáwa, Poianáua, Puinahua) (†?)
    • Xipinahua ( Shipinawa, Xipináwa, Shipinahua) (†)
• Bolivian branch ( Southern Panoan)
  • Pacahuara
    Pacahuara language
    Pacahuara is a nearly extinct Panoan language spoken by only 17 of 18 Pacahuara people. The Pacahuara have been located to northwest of Magdalena, Beni, Bolivia and to Nueva Esperanza municipality, of Federico Román Province in Pando. The Pacahuara are fully integrated with the Chácobo...
    
     ( Pacaguara, Pakaguara, Pacawara)
  • Chácobo
    Chácobo language
    Chácobo is a Panoan language spoken by about 550 of 860 ethnic tribal Chácobo people of the Beni department of northwest of Magdalena, Bolivia. Chácobo children are learning the language as a first language.-Numerals:-Pronouns:-Vocabulary:...
    
     ( Chákobo, incl. perhaps Shinabo)
• Shaninawa ( Xaninaua)
• Sensi ( Senti, Tenti, Mananahua) (†)
• Mayoruna–Matsés
  Matsés language
  The Matsés language is an indigenous language of the Peruvian and Brazilian Amazon basin which belongs to the Panoan language family and is spoken by ca. 2000 Matsés people . The language is vigorous and is spoken by all age groups in the Matsés communities...
  
   ( Matsés, Mayoruna, Matse, Matís, Matis, Majoruna, Maxuruna, Majuruna, Mayiruna, Maxirona, Magirona, Mayuzuna) (Northern Panoan)

Kulino, Nocamán, Pánobo, Huariapano, Remo, Tuxinawa, Atsahuaca, Parannawa, Xipinahua, and Sensi have all become extinct

Extinct language

An extinct language is a language that no longer has any speakers., or that is no longer in current use. Extinct languages are sometimes contrasted with dead languages, which are still known and used in special contexts in written form, but not as ordinary spoken languages for everyday communication...

.

Genetic relations

The Panoan family is related to the Tacanan family, which together comprise the Pano–Tacanan family. Some other languages reported in Campbell (1997: 190) have been associated with the Panoan family, but their relationship to Panoan is still undetermined:

• Panavarro
• Purus
• Arazaire
• Katukina Pano (= Yawanawa ?) (in Brazil)
• Maya
  Maya language (Brazil)
  Maya , perhaps also known as Quixito, is a language spoken in Brazil. Its classification is unclear. It may be one of the Panoan languages, possibly Mayoruna....
  
   (in Brazil)
• Morunahua ( Morunawa) (in Peru)
• Nukuini ( Nuquini) (in Brazil)
• Pisabo ( Pisagua, Pisahua) (in Peru)
• Uru-eu (in Brazil)

For more information see Shell (1975: 14), Miglizza & Campbell (1988: 189-190), Rodrigues (1986: 77-81).

Ethnologue (2005) lists Waninnawa as an alternate name for Panoan Katukína, presumably the same language as Campbell's Katukina Pano. Nukuini is listed as an unclassified language within a South-Central Panoan branch. Pisabo is listed with 513 speakers (and not extinct) and is grouped with Mayoruna-Matsés on a Northern Panoan branch. Gordon (2005) also includes the following language as distinct from Katukina Pano/Panoan Katukína:

• Yawanawa ( Iauanauá, Jawanaua, Yahuanahua) (in Brazil)

Ethnologue (2005) includes Shinabo as an extinct language that probably did not exist, the people may have been a sub-group of the Chácobo.

External links

• Ethnologue: Panoan
• Proel: Familia Panoana
• Pacahuara and Yaminahua dictionaries online from IDS (select simple or advanced browsing)