Panonychus ulmi
Encyclopedia
Panonychus ulmi, the European red mite, is a species
of mite
which is a major agricultural pest of fruit tree
s. It has a high reproductive rate, a short generation time (21 days at 20 °C or 68 °F) and produces many broods in a year, all of which contribute to its pest status. It has a cosmopolitan distribution
, and a very wide host range, having been found on the following plants:
P. ulmi was first described by Carl Ludwig Koch
in 1836, under the name Tetranychus ulmi. It has also been known under a number of synonyms
:
Species
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
of mite
Mite
Mites, along with ticks, are small arthropods belonging to the subclass Acari and the class Arachnida. The scientific discipline devoted to the study of ticks and mites is called acarology.-Diversity and systematics:...
which is a major agricultural pest of fruit tree
Fruit tree
A fruit tree is a tree which bears fruit that is consumed or used by people — all trees that are flowering plants produce fruit, which are the ripened ovaries of flowers containing one or more seeds. In horticultural usage, the term 'fruit tree' is limited to those that provide fruit for...
s. It has a high reproductive rate, a short generation time (21 days at 20 °C or 68 °F) and produces many broods in a year, all of which contribute to its pest status. It has a cosmopolitan distribution
Cosmopolitan distribution
In biogeography, a taxon is said to have a cosmopolitan distribution if its range extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats. For instance, the killer whale has a cosmopolitan distribution, extending over most of the world's oceans. Other examples include humans, the lichen...
, and a very wide host range, having been found on the following plants:
- Acacia longifoliaAcacia longifoliaAcacia longifolia is a species of Acacia native to southeastern Australia, from the extreme southeast of Queensland, eastern New South Wales, eastern and southern Victoria, and southeastern South Australia. Common names for it include Acacia Trinervis, Aroma Doble, Golden Wattle, Coast Wattle,...
- Aesculus hippocastanum
- Alnus glutinosa
- Alnus incana
- Amaranthus
- Amelanchier
- Artocarpus heterophyllus
- Atropa belladonna
- Avena sativa
- Betula pubescens
- Betula verrucosa
- Calystegia sepiumCalystegia sepiumCalystegia sepium is a species of bindweed, with a subcosmopolitan distribution throughout temperate Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia, northwestern Africa, and North America, and in the temperate Southern Hemisphere in Australia, and...
- Camellia sinensisCamellia sinensisCamellia sinensis is the species of plant whose leaves and leaf buds are used to produce Chinese tea. It is of the genus Camellia , a genus of flowering plants in the family Theaceae. White tea, green tea, oolong, pu-erh tea and black tea are all harvested from this species, but are processed...
- Castanea sativa
- ChenopodiumChenopodiumChenopodium is a genus of about 150 species of perennial or annual herbaceous flowering plants known as the goosefoots, which occur almost anywhere in the world. It is placed in the family Amaranthaceae in the APG II system; older classifications separate it and its relatives as Chenopodiaceae, but...
- Citrus aurantiifolia
- Citrus aurantium
- Citrus grandis
- Convolvulus arvensisConvolvulus arvensisConvolvulus arvensis is a species of bindweed, native to Europe and Asia. It is a climbing or creeping herbaceous perennial plant growing to 0.5–2 m high. The leaves are spirally arranged, linear to arrowhead-shaped, 2–5 cm long and alternate, with a 1–3 cm petiole...
- Corylus avellanaCorylus avellanaCorylus avellana, the Common Hazel, is a species of hazel native to Europe and western Asia, from the British Isles south to Iberia, Greece, Turkey and Cyprus, north to central Scandinavia, and east to the central Ural Mountains, the Caucasus, and northwestern Iran. It is an important component of...
- Cotoneaster tomentosus
- Crataegus monogyna
- Crataegus succulentaCrataegus succulentaCrataegus succulenta is a species of hawthorn known by the common names fleshy hawthorn and succulent hawthorn. It is "the most wide-ranging hawthorn in North America", native to much of southern Canada, and the United States as far south as Arizona, New Mexico, Kansas, Missouri, North Carolina,...
- CucumisCucumisCucumis is a genus of twining, tendril-bearing plants in the Cucurbitaceae family which includes the cucumber, true melons, the horned melon, and Cucumis anguria, the West Indian gherkin...
- Cucurbita maximaCucurbita maximaCucurbita maxima, one of at least five species of cultivated squash, is one of the most diverse domesticated species, perhaps with more cultivated forms than any other crop. This species originated in South America from the wild C. maxima ssp. andreana over 4000 years ago...
- Cucurbita pepoCucurbita pepoThe species Cucurbita pepo is a cultivated plant of the genus Cucurbita. It includes varieties of squash, gourd, and pumpkin.*Acorn squash*Delicata squash*Dodi marrow, grown in South Asia*Gem squash*Heart of gold squash*Pattypan squash...
- Cydonia oblonga
- Dalbergia sissooDalbergia sissooDalbergia sissoo, known as Shisham, is an erect deciduous tree, native to the Indian Subcontinent. It is also called sissoo, sisu, sheesham, tahli and sometimes referred to as Indian Rosewood. It is state tree of Punjab state and provincial tree of Punjab province...
- Daucus carota
- Desmodium canescens
- DiospyrosDiospyrosDiospyros is a genus of about 450–500 species of deciduous and evergreen trees. The majority are native to the tropics, with only a few species extending into temperate regions. They are commonly known as ebony or persimmon trees...
- Eriobotrya japonica
- Fagus sylvatica
- Ficus carica
- Fragaria vesca
- Frangula alnus
- Fraxinus excelsior
- Gardenia jasminoidesGardenia jasminoidesGardenia jasminoides, is a fragrant flowering evergreen tropical plant, a favorite in gardens worldwide. It originated in Asia and is most commonly found growing in Vietnam, Southern China, Taiwan, Japan and India...
- HibiscusHibiscusHibiscus is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is quite large, containing several hundred species that are native to warm-temperate, subtropical and tropical regions throughout the world...
- Hydrangea macrophyllaHydrangea macrophyllaHydrangea macrophylla is a species of Hydrangea native to Japan. Common names include Bigleaf Hydrangea, French Hydrangea, Lacecap Hydrangea, Mophead Hydrangea, Penny Mac and Hortensia...
- Juglans regia
- Juncus maritimusJuncus maritimusJuncus maritimus, known as the sea rush, is a species of rush that grows on coastlines.-External links:* on the Encyclopedia of Life...
- Laburnum alpinumLaburnum alpinumLaburnum alpinum is a leguminous flowering tree. It flowers in late spring, bearing panicles of yellow pea-like flowers. It is distributed in middle and southeast Europe.-References and external links:* USDA Plant Info...
- Lonicera japonica
- Malus domestica
- MalvaMalvaMalva is a genus of about 25–30 species of herbaceous annual, biennial, and perennial plants in the family Malvaceae , one of several closely related genera in the family to bear the common English name mallow. The genus is widespread throughout the temperate, subtropical and tropical regions of...
- Medicago sativa
- Morus nigra
- Myrica pensylvanicaMyrica pensylvanicaMyrica pensylvanica, the Northern Bayberry, is a species of Myrica native to eastern North America, from Newfoundland west to Ontario and Ohio, and south to North Carolina.Myrica pensylvanica is a deciduous shrub growing to 4.5 m tall...
- Petroselinum crispum
- PhaseolusPhaseolusPhaseolus is a genus in the family Fabaceae of about fifty plant species, all native to the Americas.At least four of the species have been domesticated since pre-Columbian times for their beans. Most prominent among these is the common bean, P...
- PhloxPhloxPhlox is a genus of 67 species of perennial and annual plants found mostly in North America in diverse habitats from alpine tundra to open woodland and prairie. Some flower in spring, others in summer and autumn....
- Polygonum avicularePolygonum avicularePolygonum aviculare or Common Knotgrass is a plant related to buckwheat and dock. It is also called birdweed, pigweed and lowgrass. It is an annual found in fields and wasteland, with white flowers from June to October....
- Populus tremulaPopulus tremulaPopulus tremula, commonly called aspen, common aspen, Eurasian aspen, European aspen, trembling poplar, or quaking aspen, is a species of poplar native to cool temperate regions of Europe and Asia, from the British Isles east to Kamchatka, north to inside the Arctic Circle in Scandinavia and...
- Potentilla fruticosa
- Prunus americanaPrunus americanaPrunus americana, commonly called the American Plum, Wild Plum, or Marshall's Large Yellow Sweet Plum, is a species of Prunus native to North America from Saskatchewan to New Mexico east to New Hampshire and Florida. It has often been planted outside its core range and sometimes escapes cultivation...
- Prunus armeniaca
- Prunus aviumPrunus aviumPrunus avium, commonly called wild cherry, sweet cherry, bird cherry, or gean, is a species of cherry, native to Europe, west Turkey, northwest Africa, and western Asia, from the British Isles south to Morocco and Tunisia, north to the Trondheimsfjord region in Norway and east to the Caucasus, and...
- Prunus cerasius
- Prunus chinensis
- Prunus divaricata
- Prunus domesticaPrunus domesticaPrunus domestica is a Prunus species with many varieties. These are often called "plums" in common English, though not all plums belong to this species. Its hybrid parentage is believed to be Prunus spinosa and Prunus cerasifera var. divaricata...
- Prunus dulcis
- Prunus institia
- Prunus padus
- Prunus persica
- Prunus spinosaPrunus spinosaPrunus spinosa is a species of Prunus native to Europe, western Asia, and locally in northwest Africa. It is also locally naturalised in New Zealand and eastern North America....
- PyracanthaPyracanthaPyracantha is a genus of thorny evergreen large shrubs in the family Rosaceae, with common names Firethorn or Pyracantha. They are native to an area extending from Southeast Europe east to Southeast Asia, resemble and are related to Cotoneaster, but have serrated leaf margins and numerous thorns...
- Pyrus baccata
- Pyrus communis
- Pyrus pyrifoliaPyrus pyrifoliaPyrus pyrifolia is a pear tree species native to China, Japan, and Korea. The tree's edible fruit is known by many names, including: Asian pear, Chinese pear, Korean pear, Japanese pear, Taiwan pear, and sand pear.....
- Pyrus sargentii
- Quercus
- Rhamnus frangulaRhamnus frangulaFrangula alnus, syn. Rhamnus frangula, the Alder Buckthorn, is a tall deciduous shrub in the family Rhamnaceae. It is native to Europe, northernmost Africa, and western Asia, from Ireland and Great Britain north to 68°N in Scandinavia, east to central Siberia and Xinjiang in western China, and...
- Ribes aureumRibes aureumRibes aureum Pursh is a species of small to medium-sized deciduous shrubs 2 to 3 meters tall in the genus Ribes...
- Ribes sanguineumRibes sanguineumRibes sanguineum is a species of currant native to western coastal North America from central British Columbia south to central California.-Description:...
- Robinia pseudoacacia
- Rosa canina
- Rosa multiflora
- Rosa palustrisRosa palustrisRosa palustris is a shrub in the rose family native to much of eastern North America. It can be found from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick in the north, south to Florida and west to Arkansas and Ontario.-Description:...
- Rubus idaeusRubus idaeusRubus idaeus is a red-fruited species of Rubus native to Europe and northern Asia and commonly cultivated in other temperate regions. A closely related plant in North America, sometimes regarded as the variety Rubus idaeus var...
- Rubus occidentalisRubus occidentalisRubus occidentalis is a species of Rubus native to eastern North America. Its common name black raspberry is shared with the closely related western American species Rubus leucodermis...
- Rumex obtusifoliusRumex obtusifoliusRumex obtusifolius, commonly known as Broad-leaved Dock, Bitter Dock, Bluntleaf Dock, Dock Leaf or Butter Dock, is a perennial weed, native to Europe but can now be found in the United States and many other countries around the world....
- Salix alba
- Salix caprea
- Sapindus saponariaSapindus saponariaSapindus saponaria is a small to medium-sized deciduous tree native to the Americas. Common names include wingleaf soapberry, western soapberry, jaboncillo, and mānele . Its genus name, "Sapindus", comes from the Latin, meaning Indian soap, and its specific epithet means "soapy."-Subspecies:*S. s....
- Sasa kurilensis
- Sophora japonica
- Sorbus ariaSorbus ariaSorbus aria , the Whitebeam or Common Whitebeam is a deciduous tree, compact and domed, with few upswept branches; it generally favours dry limestone and chalk soils. The hermaphrodite cream-white flowers appear in May, are insect pollinated, and go on to produce scarlet berries, which are often...
- Sorbus aucupariaSorbus aucupariaSorbus aucuparia , is a species of the genus Sorbus, native to most of Europe except for the far south, and northern Asia...
- Sorbus chrysophylla
- Sorbus conradina
- Sorbus fennica
- Sorbus hostii
- Sorbus scandica
- Sorghum halepense
- Symphoricarpos foetidus
- SyzygiumSyzygiumSyzygium is a genus of flowering plants that belongs to the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. The genus comprises about 1100 species, and has a native range that extends from Africa and Madagascar through southern Asia east through the Pacific...
- Tilia cordataTilia cordataTilia cordata is a species of Tilia native to much of Europe and western Asia, north to southern Great Britain , central Scandinavia, east to central Russia, and south to central Spain, Italy, Bulgaria, Turkey, and the Caucasus; in the south of its range it is restricted to...
- Trifolium pratense
- Triticum aestivum
- Ulmus americana
- Ulmus campestris
- Ulmus glabra
- Ulmus hollandica
- Ulmus procera
- Ulmus rubraUlmus rubraUlmus rubra, the Slippery Elm, is a species of elm native to eastern North America...
- Ulmus scabra
- Vicia sativa
- Vitis labruscaVitis labruscaVitis labrusca is a species of grapevines belonging to the Vitis genus in the flowering plant family Vitaceae. The vines are native to the eastern United States and are the source of many grape cultivars, including Catawba and Concord grapes, and many hybrid grape varieties such as Agawam,...
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferaVitis vinifera is a species of Vitis, native to the Mediterranean region, central Europe, and southwestern Asia, from Morocco and Portugal north to southern Germany and east to northern Iran....
- Wisteria sinensisWisteria sinensisWisteria sinensis is a woody, deciduous, perennial climbing vine in the genus Wisteria, native to China in the provinces of Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, and Yunnan...
- Zea mays
P. ulmi was first described by Carl Ludwig Koch
Carl Ludwig Koch
Carl Ludwig Koch was a German entomologist and arachnologist. He was responsible for classifying a great number of spiders, including the Brazilian whiteknee tarantula and Common house spider. He was born in Kusel, Germany and died in Nuremberg, Germany.Carl Ludwig Koch was an inspector of water...
in 1836, under the name Tetranychus ulmi. It has also been known under a number of synonyms
Synonym (taxonomy)
In scientific nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that is or was used for a taxon of organisms that also goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linnaeus was the first to give a scientific name to the Norway spruce, which he called Pinus abies...
:
- Tetranychus ulmi Koch, 1836
- Oligonychus ulmi : Hirst,1920
- Metatetranychus ulmi : Oudemans, 1931
- Paratetranychus ulmi : André, 1937
- Panonychus ulmi : Ehara, 1956
- Tetranychus pilosus Canestrini & Fanzago, 1876
- Paratetranychus pilosus : Zacher, 1913
- Metatetranychus pilosus : Oudemans, 1931
- Paratetranychus pilosus alboguttatus Zacher, 1913
- Tetranychus alboguttatus Zacher, 1913
- Metetetranychus alboguttatus : Oudemans, 1931
- Paratetranychus pilosus occidentalis McGregor & Newcomer, 1928
- Oligonychus alni Oudemans, 1929
- Metatetranychus alni : Oudemans, 1931
- Oligonychus muscorum Oudemans, 1929
- Metatetranychus muscorum : Oudemans, 1931
- Oligonychus potentillae Oudemans, 1929
- Metatetranychus potentillae : Oudemans, 1931
- Metatetranychus mali Oudemans, 1931
- Metatetranychus canestrinii Oudemans, 1939