Papyrus 98
Encyclopedia
Papyrus 98 designated by 
98, is an early copy of the New Testament
in Greek
. It is a papyrus
manuscript
of the Book of Revelation
. The manuscript palaeographically
had been assigned to the late 2nd century.
It has error of dittography in the first line – περι̣εζωσμμ̣εν̣ον instead of περιεζωσμενον.
's Categories of New Testament manuscripts
. "The text shows several differences from that printed in Nestle-Aland 27th".
[Recto]
In Rev 1:18 it lacks phase και ο ζων as Latin Codex Gigas
and some manuscripts of Vulgate
. It is the only one Greek manuscript which does not contain this phrase.
The first publisher was Wagner in 1971, he did not know that it was biblical text. Hagedorn discovered that it was text of Rev. 1:13-2:1.
Present location
The manuscript is currently housed at the Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale
(P. IFAO inv. 237b [+a]) at Cairo
.
98, is an early copy of the New TestamentNew Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
in Greek
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
. It is a papyrus
Papyrus
Papyrus is a thick paper-like material produced from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus, a wetland sedge that was once abundant in the Nile Delta of Egypt....
manuscript
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the Book of Revelation
Book of Revelation
The Book of Revelation is the final book of the New Testament. The title came into usage from the first word of the book in Koine Greek: apokalupsis, meaning "unveiling" or "revelation"...
. The manuscript palaeographically
Palaeography
Palaeography, also spelt paleography is the study of ancient writing. Included in the discipline is the practice of deciphering, reading, and dating historical manuscripts, and the cultural context of writing, including the methods with which writing and books were produced, and the history of...
had been assigned to the late 2nd century.
Description
The surviving text of Revelation are verses 1:13-2:1 in a fragmentary condition. The script is a well-formed and large. It was formed in a scroll. The biblical text is on the side verso. On the recto is another documentary text dated to the end of the 1st century or the beginning of the 2nd century. Side verso of the scroll was used for the biblical text at the end of the 2nd century.It has error of dittography in the first line – περι̣εζωσμμ̣εν̣ον instead of περιεζωσμενον.
Text
It is still not placed in any of AlandKurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
's Categories of New Testament manuscripts
Categories of New Testament manuscripts
New Testament manuscripts in Greek are categorized into five groups, according to a scheme introduced in 1981 by Kurt and Barbara Aland in Der Text des Neuen Testaments. The categories are based on how each manuscript relates to the various text-types. Generally speaking, earlier Alexandrian...
. "The text shows several differences from that printed in Nestle-Aland 27th".
[Recto]
- περ]ι̣εζωσμμ̣εν̣[ον προς τοις μαστοις ζωνην
- χρυ]σεν [1:14] και η κ̣ε[φαλη αυτου και αι τριχες λευκαι
- ως] εριον λευκον [ως χιων και οι οφθαλμοι αυτου ως
- φλ]οξ πυρος [1:15] και [οι ποδες αυτου ομοιοι χαλκολιβανω
- ως] εν καμινω πε[πυρωμενης και η φωνη αυτου ως
- φωνη υδατων π̣[ολλων [1:16] και εχων εν τη δεξια χειρι
- αυτου αστερες [ζ̅ και εκ του στοματος αυτου ρομ
- φαια διστομος ο[ξεια εκπορευομενη και η οψις αυ
- το̣υ ως ο η̣λ̣ιος φ[αινει εν τη δυναμει αυτου [1:17] και οτε ει
- δ̣ο̣ν̣ αυτον ε[π]εσα [προς τους ποδας αυτου ως νεκρος
- και εθηκε̣ τ̣η̣ν̣ [δεξιαν αυτου επ εμε λεγων
- μη φοβ̣[ο]υ̣ ε̣γ̣ω̣ [ειμι ο πρωτος και ο εσχατος [1:18] και εγε
- νομεν̣ ν̣εκ̣ρ̣ο̣[ς και ιδου ζων ειμι εις τους αιωνας
- τ̣ω̣ν̣ α̣ι̣ω̣ν̣ω̣ν̣ [και εχω τας κλεις του θανατου και
- του α̣δ̣ο̣υ̣ [1:19] γ̣ρ̣α̣ψ̣ο̣ν̣ [ουν α ειδες και α εισιν και α μελλει
- γε̣ν̣ε̣[σ]θ̣α̣ι̣ [μετα ταυτα [1:20] το μυστηριον των ζ̅
- α̣στερ̣ω̣ν̣ [ους ειδες επι της δεξιας μου και τας
- ζ̅ λυχνει[α]ς [τας χρυσας οι ζ̅ αστερες αγγελοι των
- ζ̅ εκκλησ̣ι̣ω̣ν̣ ε̣ι[σιν και αι λυχνιαι αι ζ̅ ζ̅ εκκλεσιαι
- εισ]ι̣[ν [2:1] τω αγγελω της εν εφεσω εκκλησιας γραψον ταδε λεγ
- ε̣ι̣ [ο κρατων τους ζ̅ αστερας εν τη δεξια αυτου ο
In Rev 1:18 it lacks phase και ο ζων as Latin Codex Gigas
Codex Gigas
The Codex Gigas is the largest extant medieval manuscript in the world. It is also known as the Devil's Bible because of a large illustration of the devil on the inside and the legend surrounding its creation. It is thought to have been created in the early 13th century in the Benedictine...
and some manuscripts of Vulgate
Vulgate
The Vulgate is a late 4th-century Latin translation of the Bible. It was largely the work of St. Jerome, who was commissioned by Pope Damasus I in 382 to make a revision of the old Latin translations...
. It is the only one Greek manuscript which does not contain this phrase.
History
Probably the manuscript was written in Egypt.The first publisher was Wagner in 1971, he did not know that it was biblical text. Hagedorn discovered that it was text of Rev. 1:13-2:1.
Present location
The manuscript is currently housed at the Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale
Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale
.The Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale , also known as the French Institute for Oriental Archaeology in Cairo is a French research institute based in Cairo, Egypt, dedicated to the study of the archaeology, history and languages of the various periods of Egypt's civilisation.The IFAO is...
(P. IFAO inv. 237b [+a]) at Cairo
Cairo
Cairo , is the capital of Egypt and the largest city in the Arab world and Africa, and the 16th largest metropolitan area in the world. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a centre of the region's political and cultural life...
.
Further reading
- D. Hagedorn, P.IFAO II 31: Johannesapokalypse 1,13-20, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 92 (1992), pp. 243-247.
98