Pariaman
Encyclopedia
Pariaman is a coastal city in West Sumatra
, Indonesia
. Pariaman has 72,089 inhabitants (2002), an area of 73.4 km² (28 sq mi) and a 12 km (7 mi) coastline. "Pariaman" means "safe area".
and later from Europe
visited the port, trading in pepper, gold, and other products of the interior. In the early seventeenth century the port came under control of the Sultanate of Aceh
, to the north; an Acehnese governor was stationed in the town. The port formally came under Dutch control in 1663 by treaty with Aceh. In 1671 the Dutch built a lodge here and later, around 1684, a fort. Continuing clashes with local rulers and competition with other European trading companies resulted in the port being abandoned by the Dutch in 1770. By the early twentieth century the port was less prominent on the coast, as Padang
, just to the south, was the focus of Dutch activities in western Sumatra and had a railroad link to the interior.
After Indonesian independence, Pariaman was a naval headquarters for a province called Central Sumatra. It became an autonomous city on 11 Apr 2002.
.
, West Sumatra's major airport, is located near the city.
A festival named Tabuik
is held annually in the city every 1-10 Muharram
, to commemorate the Day of Ashura
. The festival commemorates the death of the grandsons of Muhammad
, Hasan and Husen. A mythical creature called a Bouraq - a winged horse with a human head - is said to have carried their souls to heaven. In the festival, two effigies of the Bouraq called Tabuik are carried through the city. The tabuik, named Tabuik Pasa and Tabuik Subarang, are swayed accompanied by tambur music and tasa
drums. In the afternoon, both Tabuik are moved to the coast and before sunset they are immersed into the sea.
West Sumatra
West Sumatra is a province of Indonesia. It lies on the west coast of the island Sumatra. It borders the provinces of North Sumatra to the north, Riau and Jambi to the east, and Bengkulu to the southeast. It includes the Mentawai Islands off the coast...
, Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
. Pariaman has 72,089 inhabitants (2002), an area of 73.4 km² (28 sq mi) and a 12 km (7 mi) coastline. "Pariaman" means "safe area".
History
According to the limited early sources available, by the sixteenth century Pariaman was an important port city serving the Minangkabau settlements in the interior highlands of central west Sumatra. Traders from western IndiaIndia
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
and later from Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
visited the port, trading in pepper, gold, and other products of the interior. In the early seventeenth century the port came under control of the Sultanate of Aceh
Aceh
Aceh is a special region of Indonesia, located on the northern tip of the island of Sumatra. Its full name is Daerah Istimewa Aceh , Nanggroë Aceh Darussalam and Aceh . Past spellings of its name include Acheh, Atjeh and Achin...
, to the north; an Acehnese governor was stationed in the town. The port formally came under Dutch control in 1663 by treaty with Aceh. In 1671 the Dutch built a lodge here and later, around 1684, a fort. Continuing clashes with local rulers and competition with other European trading companies resulted in the port being abandoned by the Dutch in 1770. By the early twentieth century the port was less prominent on the coast, as Padang
Padang, Indonesia
Padang is the capital and largest city of West Sumatra, Indonesia. It is located on the western coast of Sumatra at . It has an area of and a population of over 833,000 people at the 2010 Census.-History:...
, just to the south, was the focus of Dutch activities in western Sumatra and had a railroad link to the interior.
After Indonesian independence, Pariaman was a naval headquarters for a province called Central Sumatra. It became an autonomous city on 11 Apr 2002.
Administration
The city is administratively divided into three subdistricts (kecamatan): Pariaman Selatan, Pariaman Tengah, and Pariaman Utara. The three subdistricts are of similar area; about one-half of the city's population lives in Pariaman Tengah. The city is surrounded by the rural regency (kabupaten) of Padang PariamanPadang Pariaman
Padang Pariaman is a regency of West Sumatra, Indonesia. The regency capital is Parit Malintang. It has an area of 1328,79 Km2, and the population is 387,452 people...
.
Economy
The contemporary economy is primarily agricultural with 79% of land in farming. Minangkabau International AirportMinangkabau International Airport
Minangkabau International Airport is the principal airport serving the province of West Sumatra on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. It is located about 23 km north-west of Padang, in Ketaping, Padang Pariaman regency. The airport became operational in July 2005, replacing the old Tabing Airport...
, West Sumatra's major airport, is located near the city.
Culture
Tabuik
Tabuik is the local manifestation of the Remembrance of Muharram among the Minangkabau people in the coastal regions of West Sumatra, Indonesia, particularly in the city of Pariaman. The festival includes reenactments of the Battle of Karbala, and the playing of tassa and dhol drums...
is held annually in the city every 1-10 Muharram
Muharram
Muharram is the first month of the Islamic calendar. It is one of the four sacred months of the year in which fighting is prohibited...
, to commemorate the Day of Ashura
Day of Ashura
The Day of Ashura is on the 10th day of Muharram in the Islamic calendar and marks the climax of the Remembrance of Muharram.It is commemorated by Shia Muslims as a day of mourning for the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad at the Battle of Karbala on 10...
. The festival commemorates the death of the grandsons of Muhammad
Muhammad
Muhammad |ligature]] at U+FDF4 ;Arabic pronunciation varies regionally; the first vowel ranges from ~~; the second and the last vowel: ~~~. There are dialects which have no stress. In Egypt, it is pronounced not in religious contexts...
, Hasan and Husen. A mythical creature called a Bouraq - a winged horse with a human head - is said to have carried their souls to heaven. In the festival, two effigies of the Bouraq called Tabuik are carried through the city. The tabuik, named Tabuik Pasa and Tabuik Subarang, are swayed accompanied by tambur music and tasa
Tassa
Tassa is a form of kettle drum, presumably of Persian derivation. Tassa drums are widespread all over India. Typically, one or more tassa drums are played together with a heavy bass drum called dhol, perhaps along with brass cymbals or a metal shaker...
drums. In the afternoon, both Tabuik are moved to the coast and before sunset they are immersed into the sea.