Pasha Angelina
Encyclopedia
Praskovia Nikitichna Angelina , popularly known as Pasha Angelina ' onMouseout='HidePop("38935")' href="/topics/Donetsk_Oblast">Donetsk Oblast
- January 21, 1959, Moscow
), was a celebrated Soviet
udarnik
and Stakhanovite
at the time of the first Five Year Plans. She was glorified as one of the first female tractor
-operators in the USSR, and was made a symbol of the technically educated female Soviet worker.
while also working at a milk farm. In 1933, she organized an all-female tractor team that was reported to have achieved 129 % of the quota
and thus to have ranked first among the tractor teams of the region. She was made an official celebrity, glorified in the media and depicted on propaganda posters. In 1935, she was among the "Champions of Agricultural Labour" selected to hold a conference with the leaders of the Party and of the state in the Kremlin
. At that conference, she officially promised to organize 10 more female tractor teams in her raion
. In 1938 she signed an appeal entitled "One hundred thousand (female) friends - on the tractors!" (Russian
: "Сто тысяч подруг - на трактор!"). Women shouldering work with tractors made it possible for more men to be drafted into the Soviet army
before and during World War II
. During the German-Soviet War (1941–1945), Angelina studied agriculture in Moscow for two years and then worked as a team leader in Kazakhstan
until the end of the war. After the war, she returned to work in the same function in Starobeshevo. In 1948, Angelina authored an autobiographical book, Lyudi kolkhoznykh polei ("The people of the kolkhoz
fields"). She died of cirrhosis
in 1959.
(1947, 1958), a recipient of the Stalin Prize
(1946), and was bestowed three orders of Lenin
and the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
. She was also elected into the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1937, 1946 and 1950.
Donetsk Oblast
Donetsk Oblast is an oblast of eastern Ukraine. Its administrative center is Donetsk. Historically, the province is an important part of the Donbas region...
- January 21, 1959, Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
), was a celebrated Soviet
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
udarnik
Udarnik
Udarnik is a Russian, Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian term for a superproductive worker in the Soviet Union and ex-Yugoslavia. The term is derived from the expression "udarny trud" for "superproductive, enthusiastic labour", which is often translated as strike labour , and udarnik as strike worker,...
and Stakhanovite
Stakhanovite
In Soviet history and iconography, a Stakhanovite follows the example of Aleksei Grigorievich Stakhanov, employing hard work or Taylorist efficiencies to over-achieve on the job.- History :...
at the time of the first Five Year Plans. She was glorified as one of the first female tractor
Tractor
A tractor is a vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high tractive effort at slow speeds, for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery used in agriculture or construction...
-operators in the USSR, and was made a symbol of the technically educated female Soviet worker.
Biography
Angelina came from Starobesh, a village of Greek families who had moved to the region from the Crimea in the late eighteenth century, and she spoke both Greek and a local Turkic language; her father was a farmhand and her mother whitewashed huts. In 1929, she started attending tractor-driving courses in her native oblastOblast
Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic countries, including some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"...
while also working at a milk farm. In 1933, she organized an all-female tractor team that was reported to have achieved 129 % of the quota
Quota
-Commerce:* Import quota, a type of trade restriction* Production quota* Sales quota, a minimum sales goal for a set time span* Tariff-rate quota, a type of trade restriction-Electoral systems:* Droop quota* Election threshold* Hagenbach-Bischoff quota...
and thus to have ranked first among the tractor teams of the region. She was made an official celebrity, glorified in the media and depicted on propaganda posters. In 1935, she was among the "Champions of Agricultural Labour" selected to hold a conference with the leaders of the Party and of the state in the Kremlin
Kremlin
A kremlin , same root as in kremen is a major fortified central complex found in historic Russian cities. This word is often used to refer to the best-known one, the Moscow Kremlin, or metonymically to the government that is based there...
. At that conference, she officially promised to organize 10 more female tractor teams in her raion
Raion
A raion is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet countries. The term, which is from French rayon 'honeycomb, department,' describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is commonly translated in English as "district"...
. In 1938 she signed an appeal entitled "One hundred thousand (female) friends - on the tractors!" (Russian
Russian language
Russian is a Slavic language used primarily in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Turkmenistan and Estonia and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics...
: "Сто тысяч подруг - на трактор!"). Women shouldering work with tractors made it possible for more men to be drafted into the Soviet army
Soviet Army
The Soviet Army is the name given to the main part of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union between 1946 and 1992. Previously, it had been known as the Red Army. Informally, Армия referred to all the MOD armed forces, except, in some cases, the Soviet Navy.This article covers the Soviet Ground...
before and during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. During the German-Soviet War (1941–1945), Angelina studied agriculture in Moscow for two years and then worked as a team leader in Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...
until the end of the war. After the war, she returned to work in the same function in Starobeshevo. In 1948, Angelina authored an autobiographical book, Lyudi kolkhoznykh polei ("The people of the kolkhoz
Kolkhoz
A kolkhoz , plural kolkhozy, was a form of collective farming in the Soviet Union that existed along with state farms . The word is a contraction of коллекти́вное хозя́йство, or "collective farm", while sovkhoz is a contraction of советское хозяйство...
fields"). She died of cirrhosis
Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis is a consequence of chronic liver disease characterized by replacement of liver tissue by fibrosis, scar tissue and regenerative nodules , leading to loss of liver function...
in 1959.
Awards
Angelina was twice a Hero of Socialist LaborHero of Socialist Labor
Hero of Socialist Labour was an honorary title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries. It was the highest degree of distinction for exceptional achievements in national economy and culture...
(1947, 1958), a recipient of the Stalin Prize
USSR State Prize
The USSR State Prize was the Soviet Union's state honour. It was established on September 9, 1966. After the breakup of the Soviet Union, the prize was followed up by the State Prize of the Russian Federation....
(1946), and was bestowed three orders of Lenin
Order of Lenin
The Order of Lenin , named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was the highest decoration bestowed by the Soviet Union...
and the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Order of the Red Banner of Labour
The Order of the Red Banner of Labour was an order of the Soviet Union for accomplishments in labour and civil service. It is the labour counterpart of the military Order of the Red Banner. A few institutions and factories, being the pride of Soviet Union, also received the order.-History:The Red...
. She was also elected into the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1937, 1946 and 1950.