Pass through device (automotive)
Encyclopedia
A pass-through device is used in conjunction with a computer to reprogram vehicle control modules
Electronic control unit
In automotive electronics, electronic control unit is a generic term for any embedded system that controls one or more of the electrical systems or subsystems in a motor vehicle....

 through the OBD-II/CANbus port. Each manufacturer has their own type, but SAE International
SAE International
SAE International is an organization for engineering professionals in the aerospace, automotive, and commercial vehicle industries. The Society is a standards development organization for the engineering of powered vehicles of all kinds, including cars, trucks, boats, aircraft, and others.SAE...

standardized the J-2534 universal requirements in 2004, requiring all manufacturers to allow vehicles sold in the United States of America to accept powertrain reprogramming through specific universal parameters.
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