Pavlodar
Encyclopedia
Pavlodar is a city in northeastern Kazakhstan
and the capital of Pavlodar Province. It is located 350 km northeast of the national capital Astana
, and 400 km southeast of the Russia
n city of Omsk
along the Irtysh River. , the city has a population of 331710. The population of Pavlodar is composed predominantly of ethnic Russians
and Kazakhs
with significant Ukrainian
, German and Tatar minorities. The city is served by Pavlodar Airport
.
.
After 1955, the Soviet Government's Virgin Lands Campaign
provided the impetus for the rapid growth and development of modern Pavlodar. As part of the program, large numbers of young men and women from throughout the Soviet Union settled in the city, rapid industrial and commercial expansion followed. From the mid-1960s on, Pavlodar grew to become a major industrial centre of both the Kazakh SSR and of the Soviet Union; the largest local industries are the manufacture of farm machinery, aluminum, and industrial chemicals; an oil refinery was completed in 1978. Because of a major arms and armour manufacturing facility located in the city, Pavlodar was closed to foreigners
until 1992.
Pavlodar has a temperate
continental climate
with long, cold winters and hot, dry summers.
The average temperature in January is -17.9 °C with absolute observed lows reaching -45 °C to -47 °C. In July the temperature averages 21.2 °C (70 °F). Yearly precipitation amounts to 255 mm (10 in)
is a Kazakh football club based at the Tsentralny Stadium
in Pavlodar. Another notable club formerly based in Pavlodar, FC Energetik
, has since relocated to Ekibastuz
.
The Chess Federation of Pavlodar organizes frequent city-wide competitions such as «Pavlodar Open 2007» and «The Pavlodar Regional Cup», a fast chess competition. Several FIDE masters, and grandmasters including Rinat Zhumabayev, Pavel Kotsur, Yuri Nikitin Vladimir Grebenshikov, and Yelena Ankudinova, participate regularly in the events.
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...
and the capital of Pavlodar Province. It is located 350 km northeast of the national capital Astana
Astana
Astana , formerly known as Akmola , Tselinograd and Akmolinsk , is the capital and second largest city of Kazakhstan, with an officially estimated population of 708,794 as of 1 August 2010...
, and 400 km southeast of the Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n city of Omsk
Omsk
-History:The wooden fort of Omsk was erected in 1716 to protect the expanding Russian frontier along the Ishim and the Irtysh rivers against the Kyrgyz nomads of the Steppes...
along the Irtysh River. , the city has a population of 331710. The population of Pavlodar is composed predominantly of ethnic Russians
Russians
The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....
and Kazakhs
Kazakhs
The Kazakhs are a Turkic people of the northern parts of Central Asia ....
with significant Ukrainian
Ukrainians
Ukrainians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is the sixth-largest nation in Europe. The Constitution of Ukraine applies the term 'Ukrainians' to all its citizens...
, German and Tatar minorities. The city is served by Pavlodar Airport
Pavlodar Airport
Pavlodar Airport is an airport in Kazakhstan located 14 km southeast of Pavlodar. Services medium-sized airliners.-History:Until 1999 The airport was part of Irtysh Avia airline...
.
History
One of the oldest cities in northern Kazakhstan, Pavlodar was founded in 1720 as Koryakovsky, an Imperial Russian outpost. The settlement was created to establish control over the region's salt lakes, an important source of valuable salt. In 1861 the settlement was renamed Pavlodar and incorporated as a town. Pavlodar's significance was due in large measure to the substantial agricultural and salt-producing industries that had developed there despite the town's relatively small population. Pavlodar's population numbered only about 8,000 in 1897. The name Pavlodar signifies The Gift of Paul, and was chosen to commemorate the birth of the Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of RussiaGrand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia
Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia was the eighth child of Tsar Alexander II of Russia by his first wife Empress Maria Alexandrovna. His birth was commemorated by the naming of the city of Pavlodar in Kazakhstan...
.
After 1955, the Soviet Government's Virgin Lands Campaign
Virgin Lands Campaign
The Virgin Lands Campaign was an initiative by Nikita Khrushchev to open up vast tracts of unseeded steppe in the northern Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic and the Altay region of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, started in 1954....
provided the impetus for the rapid growth and development of modern Pavlodar. As part of the program, large numbers of young men and women from throughout the Soviet Union settled in the city, rapid industrial and commercial expansion followed. From the mid-1960s on, Pavlodar grew to become a major industrial centre of both the Kazakh SSR and of the Soviet Union; the largest local industries are the manufacture of farm machinery, aluminum, and industrial chemicals; an oil refinery was completed in 1978. Because of a major arms and armour manufacturing facility located in the city, Pavlodar was closed to foreigners
Closed city
A closed city or closed town is a settlement with travel and residency restrictions in the Soviet Union and some of its successor countries. In modern Russia, such places are officially known as "closed administrative-territorial formations" ....
until 1992.
Climate
Temperate
In geography, temperate or tepid latitudes of the globe lie between the tropics and the polar circles. The changes in these regions between summer and winter are generally relatively moderate, rather than extreme hot or cold...
continental climate
Continental climate
Continental climate is a climate characterized by important annual variation in temperature due to the lack of significant bodies of water nearby...
with long, cold winters and hot, dry summers.
The average temperature in January is -17.9 °C with absolute observed lows reaching -45 °C to -47 °C. In July the temperature averages 21.2 °C (70 °F). Yearly precipitation amounts to 255 mm (10 in)
Sport
FC IrtyshFC Irtysh
FC Irtysh are a Kazakh football club based at the Central Stadium in Pavlodar. The most successful club in the country since independence, Irtysh won the Kazakhstan Premier league in 1993 , 1997, 1999, 2002 and 2003. They are also founding members of the top league and never relegated to lower...
is a Kazakh football club based at the Tsentralny Stadium
Tsentralny Stadium (Pavlodar)
Pavlodar Central Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Pavlodar, Kazakhstan. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of FC Irtysh....
in Pavlodar. Another notable club formerly based in Pavlodar, FC Energetik
FC Energetik
FC Ekibastuz is a Kazakhstani football club based in Ekibastuz. Until 2008 the team represented Pavlodar and was called FC Energetik Pavlodar. In 2008 the team played as FC Energetik-2 Ekibastuz. In 2009 it was renamed to FC Ekibastuz. They are current members of the Kazakhstan First Division.-...
, has since relocated to Ekibastuz
Ekibastuz
Ekibastuz is a town in Pavlodar Province, northeastern Kazakhstan. it had a population of 141,000. It is served by Ekibastuz Airport.-History:...
.
The Chess Federation of Pavlodar organizes frequent city-wide competitions such as «Pavlodar Open 2007» and «The Pavlodar Regional Cup», a fast chess competition. Several FIDE masters, and grandmasters including Rinat Zhumabayev, Pavel Kotsur, Yuri Nikitin Vladimir Grebenshikov, and Yelena Ankudinova, participate regularly in the events.
Science and Education
Several universities are located in Pavlodar, among them:- Pavlodar State University (named after S. ToraigyrovSultanmahmut ToraygirovSultanmahmut Toraygirov was a prominent Kazakh writer and poet. He was born in Qyzyl Tau but moved to Bayanaul in the province of Pavlodar at the age of four. Toraygirov wrote his first poems when only 13 years old. From 1913 on, he was the sub-editor for the first Kazakh journal Aikap. In 1914...
) - Pavlodar State Pedagogical Institute
Sister cities
- Bydgoszcz, Poland
PolandPoland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north... - Omsk
Omsk-History:The wooden fort of Omsk was erected in 1716 to protect the expanding Russian frontier along the Ishim and the Irtysh rivers against the Kyrgyz nomads of the Steppes...
, RussiaRussiaRussia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects... - Denizli
DenizliDenizli is a growing industrial city in the Southwestern part of Turkey and the eastern end of the alluvial valley formed by the river Büyük Menderes, where the plain reaches an elevation of about a hundred meters. Denizli is located in southwestern Turkey, in the country's Aegean Region.The city...
, TurkeyTurkeyTurkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...