Pelantaro
Encyclopedia
Pelantaro or Pelantarú was one of the vice toquis of Paillamachu
, the toqui
or military leader of the Mapuche people during the Mapuche uprising in 1598. Pelantaro and his lieutenants Anganamon and Guaiquimilla were credited with the death of the second Spanish
Governor of Chile
, Martín García Óñez de Loyola
, during the Battle of Curalaba on December 21, 1598.
This disaster provoked a general rising of the Mapuche and the other indigenous people associated with them. They succeeded in destroying all of the Spanish settlements
south of the Bio-bio River
and some to the north of it (Santa Cruz de Oñez
and San Bartolomé de Chillán
in 1599). After this disaster, the following Governor, Alonso de Ribera
, fixed a border and took of the suggestions of the Jesuit
Luis de Valdivia
to fight a defensive war.
At one point, Pelantaro had both the heads of Pedro de Valdivia
and Martín Óñez de Loyola and used them as trophies and containers for chicha
, a kind of alcohol. As a demonstatation of peaceful intentions, he gave them up in 1608.
Pelantaro was captured in 1616 and held for a year and a half until after the death of the governor Alonso de Ribera
. He was released by his successor Fernando Talaverano Gallegos
in a vain attempt to establish a peace with the Mapuche.
Paillamachu
Paillamachu was the Mapuche toqui from 1592 to 1603 in what is now Chile. He organized the great revolt of 1598 that expelled the Spanish from Araucanía south of the Bío Bío River.- Sources :* * List of Toquis, pg. 162-163, 498-500....
, the toqui
Toqui
Toqui is a title conferred by the Mapuche to those who are chosen as their leaders during times of war. The toqui is chosen in an assembly or parliament of the chieftains of the various clans or confederation of clans , allied during the war in question...
or military leader of the Mapuche people during the Mapuche uprising in 1598. Pelantaro and his lieutenants Anganamon and Guaiquimilla were credited with the death of the second Spanish
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
Governor of Chile
Royal Governor of Chile
The Royal Governor of Chile ruled over the Spanish colonial administrative district known as the Kingdom of Chile. This district was also called the Captaincy General of Chile, and as a result the Royal Governor also held the title of a Captain General...
, Martín García Óñez de Loyola
Martín García Óñez de Loyola
Don Martín García Óñez de Loyola was a Spanish Basque soldier and Royal Governor of Chile.-Early life:...
, during the Battle of Curalaba on December 21, 1598.
This disaster provoked a general rising of the Mapuche and the other indigenous people associated with them. They succeeded in destroying all of the Spanish settlements
Destruction of Seven Cities
The Destruction of the Seven Cities in Araucanía was a result of the great Mapuche revolt in 1598. It is considered sometimes as the end of the Conquest of Chile...
south of the Bio-bio River
Bío-Bío River
The Biobío River is the second largest river in Chile. It originates from Icalma and Galletué lakes in the Andes and flows 380 km to the Gulf of Arauco on the Pacific Ocean....
and some to the north of it (Santa Cruz de Oñez
Santa Cruz de Oñez
Santa Cruz de Oñez was a fort founded by Martín García Oñez de Loyola in May of 1594, near the confluence of the Bio-Bio and Laja Rivers on the right bank of the upper reach of the Rele River in Catiray, ten kilometers south of the Bio Bio. The site was in an elevated location but with a shortage...
and San Bartolomé de Chillán
Chillán
Chillán is a city in the Biobío Region of Chile located about south of the country's capital, Santiago, near the geographical center of the country. It is the capital of Ñuble Province and, with a population of approximately 170,000 people , the most populated urban center of this province...
in 1599). After this disaster, the following Governor, Alonso de Ribera
Alonso de Ribera
Alonso de Ribera de Pareja was a Spanish soldier and twice Spanish royal governor of Chile .-Early life:...
, fixed a border and took of the suggestions of the Jesuit
Society of Jesus
The Society of Jesus is a Catholic male religious order that follows the teachings of the Catholic Church. The members are called Jesuits, and are also known colloquially as "God's Army" and as "The Company," these being references to founder Ignatius of Loyola's military background and a...
Luis de Valdivia
Luis de Valdivia
Luis de Valdivia was a Spanish Jesuit missionary who defended the rights of the natives of Chile and pleaded for the reduction of the hostilities with the Mapuches in the Arauco War....
to fight a defensive war.
At one point, Pelantaro had both the heads of Pedro de Valdivia
Pedro de Valdivia
Pedro Gutiérrez de Valdivia or Valdiva was a Spanish conquistador and the first royal governor of Chile. After serving with the Spanish army in Italy and Flanders, he was sent to South America in 1534, where he served as lieutenant under Francisco Pizarro in Peru, acting as his second in command...
and Martín Óñez de Loyola and used them as trophies and containers for chicha
Chicha
For the musical genre, see Peruvian cumbiaChicha is a term used in some regions of Latin America for several varieties of fermented and non-fermented beverages, rather often to those derived from maize and similar non-alcoholic beverages...
, a kind of alcohol. As a demonstatation of peaceful intentions, he gave them up in 1608.
Pelantaro was captured in 1616 and held for a year and a half until after the death of the governor Alonso de Ribera
Alonso de Ribera
Alonso de Ribera de Pareja was a Spanish soldier and twice Spanish royal governor of Chile .-Early life:...
. He was released by his successor Fernando Talaverano Gallegos
Fernando Talaverano Gallegos
Fernando Talaverano Gallegos, also known as Hernando Talaverano ; lawyer and Spanish administrator, occupied the position of temporary governor of Chile for ten months after the death of Alonso de Ribera, between March of 1617 and January of 1618.-Sources:...
in a vain attempt to establish a peace with the Mapuche.
Sources
- Colección de documentos inéditos para la Historia de Chile, segunda serie, tomo VII, 1600–1606, Primer gobierno de Alonso de Rivera, publicadas por el Fondo Histórico y Bibliográfico de J. T. Medina, Santiago de Chile, 1982.
- Crescente ErrázurizCrescente Errázurizthumb|300px|Monsignor Crescente Errázuriz Valdivieso.Monsignor Crescente Errázuriz Valdivieso was a Chilean Dominican friar, Roman Catholic archbishop of Santiago, professor, writer and historian...
, Seis años de la historia de Chile (23 de diciembre de 1598 – 9 de abril de 1605), Tomo I y II, Imprenta Nacional, 1882-1908. - Alonso González de NajeraAlonso González de NájeraAlonso González de Nájera was a Spanish soldier and an advocate of reforms in the conduct of the War of Arauco. He served in the war following the Disaster of Curalaba and the great Mapuche uprising that followed in Chile that resulted in the loss of all the Spanish settlements south of the Bio...
, Desengaño y reparo de la guerra de Chile, Editorial Andrés Bello, Santiago de Chile, 1971. - Diego Ocaña, Viaje a Chile: relación del viaje a Chile, año de 1600, contenida en la crónica de viaje intitulada “A través de la América del Sur”, Colección Escritores Coloniales, Editorial Universitaria, 1era. Edición, Santiago de Chile, 1995.
- Alonso de OvalleAlonso de OvalleFr. Alonso de Ovalle was a Chilean Jesuit priest and chronicler of Chilean history, author of the Historica relacion del Reyno de Chile y de las missiones y ministerios que exercita en él la Compañía de Jesus, describing the Conquest of Chile and the Arauco War.-External links:* Alonso de Ovalle,...
, Histórica relación del Reino de Chile y de las misiones y ministerios que ejercita en él la Compañía de Jesús ..., Reproducción digital de la edición de Roma, Francisco Caballo, 1646, Alicante : Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes, 2007. - Roger Arteaga Cea PELANTARO: el gran toqui de Purén