Penjaringan
Encyclopedia
Penjaringan is a subdistrict
of North Jakarta
, Jakarta
, Indonesia
. It is the westernmost Subdistrict of North Jakarta. Muara Angke Port and the mouth of Sunda Kelapa
Port is located within Penjaringan. Penjaringan contains the remnants of the original mangrove forest of Jakarta, some is protected by the government (i.e. Muara Angke Wildlife Sanctuary). Penjaringan Subdistrict is crisscrossed with water draining channels, canals, and water reservoirs to protect the land from sea flooding. The Cengkareng Drain, part of Jakarta's flood control system, flows to the sea through this subdistrict.
The area of Penjaringan Subdistrict, especially within Penjaringan Administrative Village, contains several historic Dutch colonial buildings such as the remains of city wall of Batavia and the 17th century warehouses (now a Maritime Museum
).
The boundaries of Penjaringan Subdistrict are Jakarta Bay to the north, Sunda Kelapa
port to the east, and Kamal Muara road - Kapuk Raya road to the south.
which is an important port area in West Java, being used as the main port of the kingdom of Pakuan Pajajaran
and Batavia. The area has been a location of wars between local kingdoms, the Portuguese Empire
and the Dutch Indies. Around 16th century, the area of Muara Angke (coastal area of Penjaringan, just to the west of old Batavia) was considered a strategic area by the Sultanate of Banten
and the Sultanate of Demak
to seize the port of Sunda Kelapa
from the Portuguese.
During the Dutch colonial era, the area that is now Penjaringan Administrative Village was developed into a ship docking area. Warehouses are built on this area since the 17th century, some of these buildings still exist today (such as the now Museum Bahari
and Galangan Kapal VOC, a former trade office built in 1628). This port of Batavia was once part of a major port of the spice trade
commercial network in Asia.
Several villages appear during the Dutch colonial era. Some of this village, located within the port of Batavia, is today known as Kampung Luar Batang. This village is the location of the Luar Batang Mosque, built in 1739.
During the 1970s, because of insufficient capacity and the lack of facility, a new fishing port called Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Jakarta (PPSJ) (also known as "Jakarta Fishing Port") was created on the west side of Sunda Kelapa Harbor, within Penjaringan Subdistrict. The feasibility and engineering study was done by Japan International Cooperation Agency from 1973 to 1979. The construction was divided into four phases which began in 1980 and was finished in 2002.
forest. Some of this mangrove forests are protected as the Muara Angke Wildlife Sanctuary (located at Kapuk Muara Administrative Village). Muara Angke Wildlife Sanctuary was protected since the governency of the Dutch Indies on June 17, 1939, covering an area of 15.04 ha. During the 1960s, the conservation area was expanded to 1,344.62 ha. Later, because of human pressure and environmental destruction within and around the national park, some of the mangrove forest area were destroyed. On February 28, 1988, the area was declared a Nature Reserve (25.4 ha). On November 1998, the status of this area changed to Wildlife Sanctuary or Suaka Margasatwa (25.02 ha). Muara Angke Wildlife Sanctuary is listed as one of the important bird sanctuary in Java, protecting bird species such as milky stork
and the endemic sunda coucal
. Muara Angke Wildlife Sanctuary is currently facing issues such as mangrove cutting, water pollution (especially in Angke River), and settlements development at the edge of the area. Muara Angke Wildlife Sanctuary is located near Mediterranean Gallery shopping complex or near of end Muara Karang Raya street. It looked neglected, but free to enter.
Other protected mangrove forest of Penjaringan Subdistrict is the privately owned by Taman Wisata Alam Angke Kapuk (Angke Kapuk Nature Tourism Park) (99.82 ha). The park is also developed as ecological resorts and bird watching facilities.
It is located 3 kilometers from the first park. The park has opened since 2010 which a neat infrastructure is maintained, but we should pay Rp.10,000 ($1.2) per person to enter the park and get a small mangrove to plant using a special technique for marshy land and it is called as 'bronjong' technique. Bronjong which uses bamboo stems and encircle the plant will strengten the plants and protect them from crabs. The animals we may found are birds such as Pecuk Ular (Anhinga melanogaster), Kowak Maling (Nycticorax nycticorax), Kuntul putih (Egreta alba) and several others. Snakes, Monitor lizards and Monkeys can also be found here.
In 2008, seven dikes are installed within Subdistrict of Penjaringan to protect the area from increasing level of sea tide. The dike consists of Muara Baru dike, Muara Angke dike, Luar Batang dike, Pluit Reservoir, Kapuk Muara dike, Pelindo Harbor dike, and Mutiara Beach dike.
Subdistricts of Indonesia
In Indonesia, a kecamatan or district is a subdivision of a regency or of a city . A district is itself divided into kelurahan or administrative villages....
of North Jakarta
North Jakarta
North Jakarta is one of the five cities of Jakarta, Indonesia. North Jakarta contains the entire coastal area within Jakarta Special District. In North Jakarta, an area at the estuary of Ciliwung river was the main port for the kingdom of Tarumanegara, which will later grows to become Jakarta....
, Jakarta
Jakarta
Jakarta is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta, it is located on the northwest coast of Java, has an area of , and a population of 9,580,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre...
, Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
. It is the westernmost Subdistrict of North Jakarta. Muara Angke Port and the mouth of Sunda Kelapa
Sunda Kelapa
Sunda Kelapa is the old port of Jakarta located on the estuarine of Ciliwung River. "Sunda Kalapa" is the original name, and it was the main port of Sunda Kingdom of Pajajaran. The port is situated in Penjaringan sub-district, of North Jakarta, Indonesia...
Port is located within Penjaringan. Penjaringan contains the remnants of the original mangrove forest of Jakarta, some is protected by the government (i.e. Muara Angke Wildlife Sanctuary). Penjaringan Subdistrict is crisscrossed with water draining channels, canals, and water reservoirs to protect the land from sea flooding. The Cengkareng Drain, part of Jakarta's flood control system, flows to the sea through this subdistrict.
The area of Penjaringan Subdistrict, especially within Penjaringan Administrative Village, contains several historic Dutch colonial buildings such as the remains of city wall of Batavia and the 17th century warehouses (now a Maritime Museum
Maritime Museum (Indonesia)
The Maritime Museum is located in the old Sunda Kelapa harbor area in Penjaringan Administrative Village, Penjaringan Subdistrict, Jakarta, Indonesia. The museum was inaugurated inside the former Dutch East India Company warehouses...
).
The boundaries of Penjaringan Subdistrict are Jakarta Bay to the north, Sunda Kelapa
Sunda Kelapa
Sunda Kelapa is the old port of Jakarta located on the estuarine of Ciliwung River. "Sunda Kalapa" is the original name, and it was the main port of Sunda Kingdom of Pajajaran. The port is situated in Penjaringan sub-district, of North Jakarta, Indonesia...
port to the east, and Kamal Muara road - Kapuk Raya road to the south.
History
The coastal area of Penjaringan Subdistrict is one of the historic area of Jakarta, being located at the mouth of Ciliwung RiverCiliwung River
Ciliwung is a river that passes through Jakarta, Indonesia. The river flows from its source near Puncak on the highlands of West Java to the Jakarta Bay....
which is an important port area in West Java, being used as the main port of the kingdom of Pakuan Pajajaran
Pakuan Pajajaran
Pakuan Pajajaran was a capital city of Sunda kingdom. In this city, king Prabu Susuktunggal established a palace called "Sri Bimapunta Narayana Madura Suradipati"....
and Batavia. The area has been a location of wars between local kingdoms, the Portuguese Empire
Portuguese Empire
The Portuguese Empire , also known as the Portuguese Overseas Empire or the Portuguese Colonial Empire , was the first global empire in history...
and the Dutch Indies. Around 16th century, the area of Muara Angke (coastal area of Penjaringan, just to the west of old Batavia) was considered a strategic area by the Sultanate of Banten
Sultanate of Banten
The Sultanate of Banten was founded in the 16th century and centered in Banten, a port city on the northwest coast of Java; the contemporary English spelling of both was Bantam...
and the Sultanate of Demak
Sultanate of Demak
The Sultanate of Demak was Javanese Muslim state located on Java's north coast in Indonesia, at the site of the present day city of Demak. A port fief to the Majapahit kingdom thought to have been founded in the last quarter of the 15th century, it was influenced by Islam brought by Arab and...
to seize the port of Sunda Kelapa
Sunda Kelapa
Sunda Kelapa is the old port of Jakarta located on the estuarine of Ciliwung River. "Sunda Kalapa" is the original name, and it was the main port of Sunda Kingdom of Pajajaran. The port is situated in Penjaringan sub-district, of North Jakarta, Indonesia...
from the Portuguese.
During the Dutch colonial era, the area that is now Penjaringan Administrative Village was developed into a ship docking area. Warehouses are built on this area since the 17th century, some of these buildings still exist today (such as the now Museum Bahari
Maritime Museum (Indonesia)
The Maritime Museum is located in the old Sunda Kelapa harbor area in Penjaringan Administrative Village, Penjaringan Subdistrict, Jakarta, Indonesia. The museum was inaugurated inside the former Dutch East India Company warehouses...
and Galangan Kapal VOC, a former trade office built in 1628). This port of Batavia was once part of a major port of the spice trade
Spice trade
Civilizations of Asia were involved in spice trade from the ancient times, and the Greco-Roman world soon followed by trading along the Incense route and the Roman-India routes...
commercial network in Asia.
Several villages appear during the Dutch colonial era. Some of this village, located within the port of Batavia, is today known as Kampung Luar Batang. This village is the location of the Luar Batang Mosque, built in 1739.
During the 1970s, because of insufficient capacity and the lack of facility, a new fishing port called Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Jakarta (PPSJ) (also known as "Jakarta Fishing Port") was created on the west side of Sunda Kelapa Harbor, within Penjaringan Subdistrict. The feasibility and engineering study was done by Japan International Cooperation Agency from 1973 to 1979. The construction was divided into four phases which began in 1980 and was finished in 2002.
Mangrove forest
Penjaringan contains some of Jakarta's original mangroveMangrove
Mangroves are various kinds of trees up to medium height and shrubs that grow in saline coastal sediment habitats in the tropics and subtropics – mainly between latitudes N and S...
forest. Some of this mangrove forests are protected as the Muara Angke Wildlife Sanctuary (located at Kapuk Muara Administrative Village). Muara Angke Wildlife Sanctuary was protected since the governency of the Dutch Indies on June 17, 1939, covering an area of 15.04 ha. During the 1960s, the conservation area was expanded to 1,344.62 ha. Later, because of human pressure and environmental destruction within and around the national park, some of the mangrove forest area were destroyed. On February 28, 1988, the area was declared a Nature Reserve (25.4 ha). On November 1998, the status of this area changed to Wildlife Sanctuary or Suaka Margasatwa (25.02 ha). Muara Angke Wildlife Sanctuary is listed as one of the important bird sanctuary in Java, protecting bird species such as milky stork
Milky Stork
The Milky Stork, Mycteria cinerea, is a large wading bird in the stork family Ciconiidae.- Description :It can reach a length of 97 cm. The sexes look similar...
and the endemic sunda coucal
Sunda Coucal
The Sunda Coucal is a species of cuckoo in the Cuculidae family.It is endemic to Indonesia.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical mangrove forests, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, and swamps....
. Muara Angke Wildlife Sanctuary is currently facing issues such as mangrove cutting, water pollution (especially in Angke River), and settlements development at the edge of the area. Muara Angke Wildlife Sanctuary is located near Mediterranean Gallery shopping complex or near of end Muara Karang Raya street. It looked neglected, but free to enter.
Other protected mangrove forest of Penjaringan Subdistrict is the privately owned by Taman Wisata Alam Angke Kapuk (Angke Kapuk Nature Tourism Park) (99.82 ha). The park is also developed as ecological resorts and bird watching facilities.
It is located 3 kilometers from the first park. The park has opened since 2010 which a neat infrastructure is maintained, but we should pay Rp.10,000 ($1.2) per person to enter the park and get a small mangrove to plant using a special technique for marshy land and it is called as 'bronjong' technique. Bronjong which uses bamboo stems and encircle the plant will strengten the plants and protect them from crabs. The animals we may found are birds such as Pecuk Ular (Anhinga melanogaster), Kowak Maling (Nycticorax nycticorax), Kuntul putih (Egreta alba) and several others. Snakes, Monitor lizards and Monkeys can also be found here.
Flooding
Being a low plain coastal area, Penjaringan is constantly threatened by flooding from high tide. In Penjaringan Administrative Village itself, a series of plan to reduce flooding has been planned, including settlement relocation, drainage improvement, and the construction of dike. Research about flooding has been done especially within Penjaringan Subdistrict.In 2008, seven dikes are installed within Subdistrict of Penjaringan to protect the area from increasing level of sea tide. The dike consists of Muara Baru dike, Muara Angke dike, Luar Batang dike, Pluit Reservoir, Kapuk Muara dike, Pelindo Harbor dike, and Mutiara Beach dike.
Kelurahan (Administrative Village)
The subdistrict of Penjaringan is divided into five kelurahan ("administrative villages"):- Penjaringan - area code 14440
- PluitPluitPluit is an administrative village of Penjaringan, North Jakarta that is predominantly residential such as De Paradiso Apartment. Most of the inhabitants are of Chinese origin. They run many Chinese restaurants in nearby Muara Karang...
- area code 14450 - Pejagalan - area code 14450
- Kapuk Muara - area code 14460
- Kamal Muara - area code 14470
List of important places
- Galangan Kapal VOC
- Jakarta Fishing Port
- Luar Batang Mosque (established since 1796)
- Luar Batang Village, existed since the 17th century.
- Maritime Museum (Indonesia)Maritime Museum (Indonesia)The Maritime Museum is located in the old Sunda Kelapa harbor area in Penjaringan Administrative Village, Penjaringan Subdistrict, Jakarta, Indonesia. The museum was inaugurated inside the former Dutch East India Company warehouses...
- Muara Angke Wildlife Sanctuary
- Muara Angke
- Pantai Mutiara
- Pasar Ikan ("Fish Market")
- Pluit water reservoir
- Raja Ikan Restaurant