Percidae
Encyclopedia
The Percidae are a family of perciform fish found in fresh and brackish waters of the Northern Hemisphere
. The family contains about 200 species in ten genera. The darters, perches, and their relatives are in this family: well-known species include the walleye
, ruffe
, and three species of perch
.
This family is characterized by a greater or less degree of armour about the head, caused by the presence of teeth or spines on the cheeks, and opercles (gil-covers) or their edges, and by two narrow bands of numerous close-set teeth on the sides (palatines
), and a heart-shaped plate of the same in front (on the vomer
) of the roof of the large mouth within. The shape of these fishes is usually oblong, compressed, neither very deep nor much elongated, their scales
are generally harsh and rough to the feel, or ciliate
, and their colors are brilliant (red, brown, orange and yellow are the most predominant tints).
lists 204 species in ten genera:
Northern Hemisphere
The Northern Hemisphere is the half of a planet that is north of its equator—the word hemisphere literally means “half sphere”. It is also that half of the celestial sphere north of the celestial equator...
. The family contains about 200 species in ten genera. The darters, perches, and their relatives are in this family: well-known species include the walleye
Walleye
Walleye is a freshwater perciform fish native to most of Canada and to the northern United States. It is a North American close relative of the European pikeperch...
, ruffe
Ruffe
The Eurasian Ruffe or simply Ruffe is a freshwater fish found in temperate regions of Europe and northern Asia. It has been introduced into the Great Lakes of North America, reportedly with unfortunate results...
, and three species of perch
Perch
Perch is a common name for fish of the genus Perca, freshwater gamefish belonging to the family Percidae. The perch, of which there are three species in different geographical areas, lend their name to a large order of vertebrates: the Perciformes, from the Greek perke meaning spotted, and the...
.
This family is characterized by a greater or less degree of armour about the head, caused by the presence of teeth or spines on the cheeks, and opercles (gil-covers) or their edges, and by two narrow bands of numerous close-set teeth on the sides (palatines
Palatine bone
The palatine bone is a bone in many species of the animal kingdom, commonly termed the palatum .-Human anatomy:...
), and a heart-shaped plate of the same in front (on the vomer
Vomer
The vomer is one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull. It is located in the midsagittal line, and articulates with the sphenoid, the ethmoid, the left and right palatine bones, and the left and right maxillary bones.-Biology:...
) of the roof of the large mouth within. The shape of these fishes is usually oblong, compressed, neither very deep nor much elongated, their scales
Scale (zoology)
In most biological nomenclature, a scale is a small rigid plate that grows out of an animal's skin to provide protection. In lepidopteran species, scales are plates on the surface of the insect wing, and provide coloration...
are generally harsh and rough to the feel, or ciliate
Ciliate
The ciliates are a group of protozoans characterized by the presence of hair-like organelles called cilia, which are identical in structure to flagella but typically shorter and present in much larger numbers with a different undulating pattern than flagella...
, and their colors are brilliant (red, brown, orange and yellow are the most predominant tints).
Species
FishBaseFishBase
FishBase is a comprehensive database of information about fish species . It is the largest and most extensively accessed online database on adult finfish on the web...
lists 204 species in ten genera:
- Genus AmmocryptaAmmocryptaSand darters are a genus, Ammocrypta, of perches native to Canada and the continental United States.-Species:* Naked sand darter, Ammocrypta beanii Jordan, 1877.* Florida sand darter, Ammocrypta bifascia Williams, 1975....
(sand darters)- Naked sand darter, Ammocrypta beaniiAmmocrypta beaniiThe common name of Ammocrypta beanii is the naked sand darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
JordanDavid Starr JordanDavid Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...
, 1877. - Florida sand darter, Ammocrypta bifascia Williams, 1975.
- Western sand darter, Ammocrypta claraAmmocrypta claraThe common name of Ammocrypta clara is the western sand darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
JordanDavid Starr JordanDavid Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...
& Meek, 1885. - Southern sand darter, Ammocrypta meridiana Williams, 1975.
- Eastern sand darterEastern sand darter-Abstract:Ammocrypta pellucida, also known as the eastern sand darter, is a species of the Percidae family. The eastern sand darter is a relatively small, perch-like fish that has recently been listed as globally threatened in the areas in occupies throughout Canada and the eastern United States...
, Ammocrypta pellucida (AgassizLouis AgassizJean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz was a Swiss paleontologist, glaciologist, geologist and a prominent innovator in the study of the Earth's natural history. He grew up in Switzerland and became a professor of natural history at University of Neuchâtel...
, 1863). - Scaly sand darterScaly sand darterThe scaly sand darter is a species of freshwater fish endemic to the southeastern United States.-Description:The scaly sand darter grows to between in length. It has nine to sixteen spots on each side, with irregular dark blotches on the back, with dark bands on the dorsal, caudal and spinal fins...
, Ammocrypta vivax Hay, 1882.
- Naked sand darter, Ammocrypta beanii
- Genus CrystallariaCrystallariaCrystallaria is a genus of darters in the family Percidae.-Species:It contains only two species:* Crystal darter, Crystallaria asprella Jordan, 1878* Diamond darter, Crystallaria cincotta Welsh and Wood, 2008...
- Crystal darterCrystal darterThe crystal darter, Crystallaria asprella, is a small North American fish found in small, moderate, and swift rivers in the drainage basins of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. It is now extirpated from a majority of its range along the Ohio River...
, Crystallaria asprella (JordanDavid Starr JordanDavid Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...
, 1878). - Crystallaria cincotta Welsh & Wood, 2008.
- Crystal darter
- Genus EtheostomaEtheostomaEtheostoma is a diverse genus of small freshwater fish in the family Percidae. It contains nearly 140 member species. Most are native to North America. They are commonly known as darters although the term "darter" is shared by several other genera...
(smoothbelly darters)- Sharphead darterSharphead darterThe Sharphead darter is a species of fish in the Percidae family. It is endemic to the United States.-Source:* Gimenez Dixon, M. 1996. . Downloaded on 4 August 2007....
, Etheostoma acuticeps Bailey, 1959. - Coppercheek darterCoppercheek darterThe Coppercheek darter is a species of fish in the Percidae family. It is endemic to the United States.-Source:* World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1996. . Downloaded on 4 August 2007....
, Etheostoma aquali Williams & Etnier, 1978. - Redspot darter, Etheostoma artesiae (Hay, 1881).
- Mud darter, Etheostoma asprigeneEtheostoma asprigeneThe common name of Etheostoma asprigene is the mud darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
(Forbes, 1878). - Cumberland snubnose darter, Etheostoma atripinneEtheostoma atripinneThe common name of Etheostoma atripinne is the Cumberland snubnose darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
(JordanDavid Starr JordanDavid Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...
, 1877). - Conchos darter, Etheostoma australe JordanDavid Starr JordanDavid Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...
, 1889. - Emerald darter, Etheostoma baileyiEtheostoma baileyiThe common name of Etheostoma baileyi is the emerald darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
Page & Burr, 1982. - Teardrop darter, Etheostoma barbouriEtheostoma barbouriThe common name of Etheostoma barbouri is the teardrop darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
Kuehne & Small, 1971. - Splendid darter, Etheostoma barrenenseEtheostoma barrenenseThe common name of Etheostoma barrenense is the splendid darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
Burr & Page, 1982. - Corrugated darter, Etheostoma basilareEtheostoma basilareThe common name of Etheostoma basilare is the corrugated darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
Page, Hardman & Near, 2003. - Warrior darter, Etheostoma bellator Suttkus & Bailey, 1993.
- Orangefin darter, Etheostoma bellumEtheostoma bellumThe common name of Etheostoma bellum is the orangefin darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
Zorach, 1968. - Buffalo darter, Etheostoma bisonEtheostoma bisonThe common name of Etheostoma bison is the buffalo darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
Ceas & Page, 1997. - Greenside darterGreenside darterThe Greenside darter is a species of fish in the family Percidae. Etheostoma blennioides is a large percid than inhabits swift riffles...
, Etheostoma blennioides Rafinesque, 1819. - Blenny darterBlenny darterThe Blenny darter is a species of fish in the family Percidae. Etheostoma blennius are a poorly known percid from Alabama and Tennessee that inhabit swift riffles.-Biology:...
, Etheostoma blennius Gilbert & Swain, 1887. - Slackwater darterSlackwater darterThe Slackwater Darter, is a small fish of the stippled darter group. The slackwater darter has a conspicuous dark subocular bar and three prominent saddles. It is rather drab in color, the dorsum being dusky, olivaceous, or brownish. The lateral blotches are dark brown to blue-black...
, Etheostoma boschungi Wall & Williams, 1974. - Holiday darter, Etheostoma brevirostrumEtheostoma brevirostrumThe common name of Etheostoma brevirostrum is the holiday darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee.-Abstract/ Introduction:...
Suttkus & Etnier, 1991. - Brook darter, Etheostoma burri Ceas & Page, 1997.
- Rainbow darterRainbow darterThe rainbow darter is a native North American fish that can be found in small fast moving streams and small to medium-sized rivers...
, Etheostoma caeruleum Storer, 1845. - Bluebreast darter, Etheostoma camurumEtheostoma camurumThe common name of Etheostoma camurum is the bluebreast darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee. It is a member of the subgenus Nothonotus and has a close phylogenetic relationship to E...
(CopeEdward Drinker CopeEdward Drinker Cope was an American paleontologist and comparative anatomist, as well as a noted herpetologist and ichthyologist. Born to a wealthy Quaker family, Cope distinguished himself as a child prodigy interested in science; he published his first scientific paper at the age of nineteen...
, 1870). - Chickasaw darter, Etheostoma cervusEtheostoma cervusThe common name of Etheostoma cervus is the Chickasaw darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
Powers & Mayden, 2003. - Vermilion darterVermilion darterThe vermilion darter is a species of fish in the Percidae family. It is endemic to Alabama. On December 7, 2010, the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service designated of stream in Alabama's Jefferson County's Turkey Creek watershed as critical habitat for the darter....
, Etheostoma chermocki Boschung, Mayden & Tomelleri, 1992. - Relict darter, Etheostoma chienenseEtheostoma chienenseEtheostoma chienense is a rare species of fish in the perch family known by the common name relict darter. It is endemic to Kentucky in the United States, where it occurs only in the drainage of the Bayou du Chien, a stream...
Page & Ceas, 1992. - Greenfin darter, Etheostoma chlorobranchiumEtheostoma chlorobranchiumThe common name of Etheostoma chlorobranchium is the greenfin darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee.-Introduction:...
Zorach, 1972. - Bluntnose darter, Etheostoma chlorosoma (Hay, 1881).
- Lipstick darter, Etheostoma chuckwachatte Mayden & Wood, 1993.
- Ashy darterAshy darterThe ashy darter is a species of fish in the Percidae family. It is endemic to the United States.-References:* Gimenez Dixon, M. 1996. . Downloaded on 4 August 2007....
, Etheostoma cinereum Storer, 1845. - Creole darter, Etheostoma collettei Birdsong & Knapp, 1969.
- Carolina darter, Etheostoma collis (Hubbs & Cannon, 1935).
- Coastal darter, Etheostoma colorosum Suttkus & Bailey, 1993.
- Coosa darter, Etheostoma coosaeEtheostoma coosaeThe common name of Etheostoma coosae is the Coosa darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
(Fowler, 1945). - Crown darter, Etheostoma coronaEtheostoma coronaThe common name of Etheostoma corona is the crown darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
Page & Ceas, 1992. - Arkansas darterArkansas darterThe Arkansas darter is a species of fish in the Percidae family. It is endemic to the United States.-Description:The Arkansas darter is olive brown in the upper half and yellowish-white in the lower half of its body...
, Etheostoma cragini Gilbert, 1885. - Fringed darter, Etheostoma crossopterumEtheostoma crossopterumThe common name of Etheostoma crossopterum is the fringed darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
Braasch & Mayden, 1985. - Choctawhatchee darter, Etheostoma davisoni Hay, 1885.
- Golden darter, Etheostoma denoncourtiEtheostoma denoncourtiThe common name of Etheostoma denoncourti is the golden darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
Stauffer & van Snik, 1997. - Stone darter, Etheostoma derivativumEtheostoma derivativumThe common name of Etheostoma derivativum is the stone darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
Page, Hardman & Near, 2003. - Coldwater darterColdwater darterThe coldwater darter is a species of fish in the Percidae family. It is endemic to the United States.-Source:* Gimenez Dixon, M. 1996. . Downloaded on 4 August 2007....
, Etheostoma ditrema Ramsey & Suttkus, 1965. - Tuskaloossa darter, Etheostoma douglasi Wood & Mayden, 1993.
- Black darterBlack DarterThe Black Darter or Black Meadowhawk is a dragonfly found in northern Europe, Asia, and North America. At about 30 mm long, it is Britain's smallest resident dragonfly...
, Etheostoma duryiEtheostoma duryiThe common name of Etheostoma duryi is the blackside snubnose darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
Henshall, 1889. - Brown darter, Etheostoma edwini (Hubbs & Cannon, 1935).
- Cherry darter, Etheostoma etnieriEtheostoma etnieriThe common name of Etheostoma etnieri is the cherry darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
Bouchard, 1977. - Etowah darter, Etheostoma etowahaeEtheostoma etowahaeEtheostoma etowahae is a rare species of fish in the perch family known by the common name Etowah darter. It is endemic to Georgia in the United States, where it occurs only in the Etowah River and two of its tributaries. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.This fish is...
Wood & Mayden, 1993. - Arkansas saddled darter, Etheostoma euzonum (Hubbs & Black, 1940).
- Iowa darter, Etheostoma exileEtheostoma exileThe Iowa Darter is a species of freshwater fish in the perch family of order Perciformes. The Iowa darter, along with about seventeen other species of darters, is native to the lakes and streams of Iowa....
(GirardCharles Frédéric GirardCharles Frédéric Girard was a French biologist specializing in ichthyology and herpetology.Born in Mulhouse, France, he studied at the College of Neuchâtel, Switzerland as a student of Louis Agassiz. In 1847, he accompanied Agassiz as his assistant to Harvard...
, 1859). - Fantail darterFantail darterThe Fantail darter is a species of fish in the Percidae family, widely distributed across streams in North America.-Distribution and habitat:...
, Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque, 1819. - Saffron darter, Etheostoma flavumEtheostoma flavumThe common name of Etheostoma flavum is the saffron darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
Etnier & Bailey, 1989. - Fountain darterFountain darterThe fountain darter is a small freshwater fish found in the headwaters of only two rivers in Texas: the Comal River and the San Marcos River. It is generally smaller than 3 cm long and feeds on small invertebrates...
, Etheostoma fonticola (JordanDavid Starr JordanDavid Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...
& Gilbert, 1886). - Barrens darter, Etheostoma forbesiEtheostoma forbesiThe common name of Etheostoma forbesi is the Barrens darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
Page & Ceas, 1992. - Strawberry darter, Etheostoma fragi Distler, 1968.
- Savannah darter, Etheostoma fricksium Hildebrand, 1923.
- Swamp darter, Etheostoma fusiformeEtheostoma fusiforme-Introduction::The swamp darter , is one of the 324 species of fish found in Tennessee. The name fusiforme means long and cylindrical. It is a rather large member of its subgenus, reaching 50mm SL. It is typical of the subgenus Hololepis in having a small head and mouth and a highly arched...
(GirardCharles Frédéric GirardCharles Frédéric Girard was a French biologist specializing in ichthyology and herpetology.Born in Mulhouse, France, he studied at the College of Neuchâtel, Switzerland as a student of Louis Agassiz. In 1847, he accompanied Agassiz as his assistant to Harvard...
, 1854). - Slough darter, Etheostoma gracileEtheostoma gracileThe common name of Etheostoma gracile is the slough darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
(GirardCharles Frédéric GirardCharles Frédéric Girard was a French biologist specializing in ichthyology and herpetology.Born in Mulhouse, France, he studied at the College of Neuchâtel, Switzerland as a student of Louis Agassiz. In 1847, he accompanied Agassiz as his assistant to Harvard...
, 1859). - Rio Grande darterRio Grande darterThe Rio Grande darter is a species of fish in the Percidae family. It is found in Mexico and the United States.-Source:* Contreras-Balderas, S. & Almada-Villela, P. 1996. . Downloaded on 4 August 2007....
, Etheostoma grahami (GirardCharles Frédéric GirardCharles Frédéric Girard was a French biologist specializing in ichthyology and herpetology.Born in Mulhouse, France, he studied at the College of Neuchâtel, Switzerland as a student of Louis Agassiz. In 1847, he accompanied Agassiz as his assistant to Harvard...
, 1859). - Tuckasegee darter, Etheostoma gutselli (Hildebrand, 1932).
- Harlequin darterHarlequin darterThe Harlequin darter is a species of fish in the Percidae family. It is found in rivers in the Gulf of Mexico drainage basin in the United States....
, Etheostoma histrio JordanDavid Starr JordanDavid Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...
& Gilbert, 1887. - Christmas darter, Etheostoma hopkinsi (Fowler, 1945).
- Turquoise darter, Etheostoma inscriptum (JordanDavid Starr JordanDavid Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...
& Brayton, 1878). - Blueside darter, Etheostoma jessiaeEtheostoma jessiaeThe common name of Etheostoma jessiae is the blueside darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
(JordanDavid Starr JordanDavid Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...
& Brayton, 1878). - Greenbreast darter, Etheostoma jordaniEtheostoma jordaniThe common name of Etheostoma jordani is the greenbreast darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
Gilbert, 1891. - Yoke darter, Etheostoma juliae Meek, 1891.
- Kanawha darterKanawha darterThe Kanawha darter is a species of fish in the Percidae family. It is endemic to the United States.-Source:* Gimenez Dixon, M. 1996. . Downloaded on 4 August 2007....
, Etheostoma kanawhae (Raney, 1941). - Highland Rim darter, Etheostoma kantuckeenseEtheostoma kantuckeenseThe common name of Etheostoma kantuckeense is the Highland Rim darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
Ceas & Page, 1997. - Stripetail darter, Etheostoma kennicottiEtheostoma kennicottiThe common name of Etheostoma kennicotti is the stripetail darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
(Putnam, 1863). - Tombigbee darter, Etheostoma lachneri Suttkus & Bailey, 1994.
- Headwater darter, Etheostoma lawrenceiEtheostoma lawrenceiThe common name of Etheostoma lawrencei is the headwater darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
Ceas & Burr, 2002. - Greenthroat darter, Etheostoma lepidum (BairdSpencer Fullerton BairdSpencer Fullerton Baird was an American ornithologist, ichthyologist and herpetologist. Starting in 1850 he was assistant-secretary and later secretary of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C...
& GirardCharles Frédéric GirardCharles Frédéric Girard was a French biologist specializing in ichthyology and herpetology.Born in Mulhouse, France, he studied at the College of Neuchâtel, Switzerland as a student of Louis Agassiz. In 1847, he accompanied Agassiz as his assistant to Harvard...
, 1853). - Longfin darter, Etheostoma longimanum JordanDavid Starr JordanDavid Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...
, 1888. - Tufa darter, Etheostoma lugoi Norris & Minckley, 1997.
- Redband darterRedband darterThe redband darter is a species of fish in the Percidae family. It is endemic to the United States.-Source:* Gimenez Dixon, M. 1996. . Downloaded on 4 August 2007....
, Etheostoma luteovinctum Gilbert & Swain, 1887. - Brighteye darter, Etheostoma lynceumEtheostoma lynceumThe common name of Etheostoma lynceum is the brighteye darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
Hay, 1885. - Spotted darterSpotted darterThe spotted darter is a species of fish in the Percidae family. It is endemic to the United States.-Source:* Gimenez Dixon, M. 1996. . Downloaded on 4 August 2007....
, Etheostoma maculatum Kirtland, 1841. - Pinewoods darterPinewoods darterThe pinewoods darter is a species of fish in the Percidae family. It is endemic to the United States.-Source:* Gimenez Dixon, M. 1996. . Downloaded on 4 August 2007....
, Etheostoma mariae (Fowler, 1947). - Smallscale darter, Etheostoma microlepidumEtheostoma microlepidumThe common name of Etheostoma microlepidum is the smallscale darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
Raney & Zorach, 1967. - Least darter, Etheostoma micropercaEtheostoma micropercaThe common name of Etheostoma microperca is the least darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
JordanDavid Starr JordanDavid Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...
& Gilbert, 1888. - Yellowcheek darterYellowcheek darterThe yellowcheek darter is a species of fish in the Percidae family. It is endemic to the United States.In July 2010, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service proposed the yellowcheek darter for endangered status. The fish is a federally listed endangered species of the United States, effective...
, Etheostoma moorei Raney & Suttkus, 1964. - Lollipop darter, Etheostoma neopterumEtheostoma neopterumThe common name of Etheostoma neopterum is the lollipop darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee.-Geographic Distribution:...
Howell & Dingerkus, 1978. - Niangua darterNiangua darterThe Niangua darter is a species of fish in the Percidae family. It is endemic to the United States. It is found only in the Niangua River system of central Missouri. It is a federally listed threatened species of the United States.- Life history :Adult Niangua darters move from pools and slow...
, Etheostoma nianguae GilbertCharles Henry GilbertCharles Henry Gilbert was a pioneer ichthyologist and fishery biologist of particular significance to natural history of the western United States. He collected and studied fishes from Central America north to Alaska and described many new species...
& MeekSeth Eugene MeekSeth Eugene Meek was an American ichthyologist at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago. He was the first compiler of a book on Mexican freshwater fishes. Together with his assistant, Samuel F. Hildebrand, he produced the first book on the freshwater fishes of Panama.He often collaborated...
, 1887. - Blackfin darter, Etheostoma nigripinneEtheostoma nigripinneThe common name of Etheostoma nigripinne is the blackfin darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
Braasch & Mayden, 1985. - Johnny darterJohnny darterThe Johnny Darter, Etheostoma nigrum, is a species of ray-finned fish that are found in shallow water throughout eastern North America. It's name comes from the Greek and Latin root words of etheo meaning to filter, stoma meaning mouth, nigrum meaning black in Latin...
, Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque, 1820. - Watercress darterWatercress darterThe watercress darter is a small colorful fish which lives in the Black Warrior River drainage basin near Birmingham, Alabama. The largest known female is 2.5 inches in length...
, Etheostoma nuchale Howell & Caldwell, 1965. - Barcheek darter, Etheostoma obeyenseEtheostoma obeyenseThe common name of Etheostoma obeyense is the barcheek darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
Kirsch, 1892. - Okaloosa darterOkaloosa darterThe Okaloosa darter is a fish indigenous to fresh-water streams and tributary systems in Okaloosa and Walton Counties in northwest Florida...
, Etheostoma okaloosae (Fowler, 1941). - Sooty darter, Etheostoma olivaceumEtheostoma olivaceumThe common name of Etheostoma olivaceum is the sooty darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
Braasch & Page, 1979. - Tessellated darter, Etheostoma olmstedi Storer, 1842.
- Guardian darter, Etheostoma oophylaxEtheostoma oophylaxThe common name of Etheostoma oophylax is the guardian darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
Ceas & Page, 1992. - Candy darter, Etheostoma osburni (Hubbs & Trautman, 1932).
- Paleback darterPaleback darterThe paleback darter is a species of fish in the Percidae family. It is endemic to the United States.-Source:* Gimenez Dixon, M. 1996. . Downloaded on 4 August 2007....
, Etheostoma pallididorsum Distler & Metcalf, 1962. - Goldstripe darter, Etheostoma parvipinneEtheostoma parvipinneThe common name of Etheostoma parvipinne is the goldstripe darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
Gilbert & Swain, 1887. - Duskytail darter, Etheostoma percnurumEtheostoma percnurumEtheostoma percnurum is a rare species of fish in the perch family known by the common name duskytail darter. It is native to Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia in the United States, where it occurs in the drainages of the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers...
Jenkins, 1994. - Waccamaw darter, Etheostoma perlongum (Hubbs & Raney, 1946).
- Rush darter, Etheostoma phytophilumEtheostoma phytophilumEtheostoma phytophilum is a rare species of fish in the perch family known by the common name rush darter. It is endemic to Alabama in the United States, where it occurs in three river systems...
Bart & Taylor, 1999. - Riverweed darter, Etheostoma podostemone JordanDavid Starr JordanDavid Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...
& Jenkins, 1889. - Chihuahua darter, Etheostoma pottsii (GirardCharles Frédéric GirardCharles Frédéric Girard was a French biologist specializing in ichthyology and herpetology.Born in Mulhouse, France, he studied at the College of Neuchâtel, Switzerland as a student of Louis Agassiz. In 1847, he accompanied Agassiz as his assistant to Harvard...
, 1859). - Cypress darter, Etheostoma proeliareEtheostoma proeliareThe common name of Etheostoma proeliare is the cypress darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
(Hay, 1881). - Egg-mimic darter, Etheostoma pseudovulatumEtheostoma pseudovulatumThe common name of Etheostoma pseudovulatum is the egg-mimic darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
Page & Ceas, 1992. - Stippled darter, Etheostoma punctulatum (AgassizLouis AgassizJean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz was a Swiss paleontologist, glaciologist, geologist and a prominent innovator in the study of the Earth's natural history. He grew up in Switzerland and became a professor of natural history at University of Neuchâtel...
, 1854). - Firebelly darter, Etheostoma pyrrhogasterEtheostoma pyrrhogasterThe common name of Etheostoma pyrrhogaster is the firebelly darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
Bailey & Etnier, 1988. - Orangebelly darter, Etheostoma radiosum (Hubbs & Black, 1941).
- Kentucky darter, Etheostoma rafinesquei Burr & Page, 1982.
- Alabama darter, Etheostoma ramseyi Suttkus & Bailey, 1994.
- Yazoo darter, Etheostoma raneyi Suttkus & Bart, 1994.
- Bayou darterBayou darterThe bayou darter is a species of fish in the perch family. It is endemic to western Mississippi in the United States, where it is found only in the Bayou Pierre River and its tributaries. It is a federally listed threatened species of the United States.The bayou darter lives in fast flowing,...
, Etheostoma rubrum Raney & Suttkus, 1966. - Redline darter, Etheostoma rufilineatumEtheostoma rufilineatumThe common name of Etheostoma rufilineatum is the redline darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
(CopeEdward Drinker CopeEdward Drinker Cope was an American paleontologist and comparative anatomist, as well as a noted herpetologist and ichthyologist. Born to a wealthy Quaker family, Cope distinguished himself as a child prodigy interested in science; he published his first scientific paper at the age of nineteen...
, 1870). - Rock darter, Etheostoma rupestreEtheostoma rupestreThe common name of Etheostoma rupestre is the rock darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
Gilbert & Swain, 1887. - Arrow darter, Etheostoma sagittaEtheostoma sagittaThe common name of Etheostoma sagitta is the arrow darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
(JordanDavid Starr JordanDavid Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...
& Swain, 1883). - Saluda darter, Etheostoma saludae (Hubbs & Cannon, 1935).
- Bloodfin darter, Etheostoma sanguifluumEtheostoma sanguifluumThe common name of Etheostoma sanguifluum is the bloodfin darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
(CopeEdward Drinker CopeEdward Drinker Cope was an American paleontologist and comparative anatomist, as well as a noted herpetologist and ichthyologist. Born to a wealthy Quaker family, Cope distinguished himself as a child prodigy interested in science; he published his first scientific paper at the age of nineteen...
, 1870). - Cherokee darter, Etheostoma scottiEtheostoma scottiEtheostoma scotti is a rare species of fish in the perch family known by the common name Cherokee darter. It is endemic to Georgia in the United States, where it is limited to the Etowah River system....
Bauer, Etnier & Burkhead, 1995. - Río Salado darter, Etheostoma segrex Norris & Minckley, 1997.
- Maryland darterMaryland darterThe Maryland darter is freshwater fish species that has been found only in Deer Creek, Maryland. It is now a thought to be extinct. It was long known only by two specimens until it was rediscovered in 1962. From 1965 to the 1980s, it was only confined to a single riffle in Deer Creek. The species...
, Etheostoma sellare (Radcliffe & Welsh, 1913). - Etheostoma sequatchiense Burr, 1979.
- Sawcheek darter, Etheostoma serrifer (Hubbs & Cannon, 1935).
- Snubnose darter, Etheostoma simoterumEtheostoma simoterumThe common name of Etheostoma simoterum is the snubnose darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee.- Introduction :The following is a proposed conservation management plan for the snubnose darter Etheostoma simoterum...
(CopeEdward Drinker CopeEdward Drinker Cope was an American paleontologist and comparative anatomist, as well as a noted herpetologist and ichthyologist. Born to a wealthy Quaker family, Cope distinguished himself as a child prodigy interested in science; he published his first scientific paper at the age of nineteen...
, 1868). - Slabrock darter, Etheostoma smithiEtheostoma smithiThe common name of Etheostoma smithi is the slabrock darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
Page & Braasch, 1976. - Orangethroat darter, Etheostoma spectabileEtheostoma spectabileThe common name of Etheostoma spectabile is the orangethroat darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
(AgassizLouis AgassizJean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz was a Swiss paleontologist, glaciologist, geologist and a prominent innovator in the study of the Earth's natural history. He grew up in Switzerland and became a professor of natural history at University of Neuchâtel...
, 1854). - Spottail darter, Etheostoma squamicepsEtheostoma squamicepsThe common name of Etheostoma squamiceps is the spottail darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
JordanDavid Starr JordanDavid Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...
, 1877. - Speckled darter, Etheostoma stigmaeumEtheostoma stigmaeumThe common name of Etheostoma stigmaeum is the speckled darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
(JordanDavid Starr JordanDavid Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...
, 1877). - Striated darterStriated darterThe striated darter is a species of fish in the Percidae family. It is endemic to the United States.-Source:* Gimenez Dixon, M. 1996. . Downloaded on 4 August 2007....
, Etheostoma striatulum Page & Braasch, 1977. - Cumberland darter, Etheostoma susanaeEtheostoma susanaeEtheostoma susanae is a rare species of fish in the perch family known by the common name Cumberland darter. It is endemic to Kentucky and Tennessee in the United States, where it occurs in the upper Cumberland River tributaries above Cumberland Falls...
(JordanDavid Starr JordanDavid Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...
& Swain, 1883). - Gulf darter, Etheostoma swainiEtheostoma swainiThe common name of Etheostoma swaini is the Gulf darter. Etheostoma is a diverse genus of small freshwater fish in the family Percidae. It contains nearly 140 member species; most are native to North America...
(JordanDavid Starr JordanDavid Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...
, 1884). - Swannanoa darter, Etheostoma swannanoaEtheostoma swannanoaThe common name of Etheostoma swannanoa is the Swannanoa darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
JordanDavid Starr JordanDavid Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...
& Evermann, 1889. - Tallapoosa darter, Etheostoma tallapoosae Suttkus & Etnier, 1991.
- Shawnee darter, Etheostoma tecumsehi Ceas & Page, 1997.
- Missouri saddled darter, Etheostoma tetrazonum (Hubbs & Black, 1940).
- Seagreen darter, Etheostoma thalassinum (JordanDavid Starr JordanDavid Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...
& Brayton, 1878). - Tippecanoe darter, Etheostoma tippecanoeEtheostoma tippecanoeThe common name of Etheostoma tippecanoe is the Tippecanoe darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
JordanDavid Starr JordanDavid Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...
& Evermann, 1890. - Trispot darterTrispot darterThe trispot darter is a species of fish in the Percidae family. It is endemic to the United States.-Abstract:...
, Etheostoma trisella Bailey & Richards, 1963. - Tuscumbia darterTuscumbia darterThe Tuscumbia darter is a species of fish in the Percidae family. It is endemic to the United States.-Source:* Gimenez Dixon, M. 1996. . Downloaded on 4 August 2007....
, Etheostoma tuscumbia Gilbert & Swain, 1887. - Current darter, Etheostoma uniporum Distler, 1968.
- Variegate darter, Etheostoma variatum Kirtland, 1838.
- Striped darter, Etheostoma virgatum (JordanDavid Starr JordanDavid Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...
, 1880). - Glassy darter, Etheostoma vitreum (CopeEdward Drinker CopeEdward Drinker Cope was an American paleontologist and comparative anatomist, as well as a noted herpetologist and ichthyologist. Born to a wealthy Quaker family, Cope distinguished himself as a child prodigy interested in science; he published his first scientific paper at the age of nineteen...
, 1870). - Wounded darter, Etheostoma vulneratumEtheostoma vulneratumThe common name of Etheostoma vulneratum is the wounded darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
(CopeEdward Drinker CopeEdward Drinker Cope was an American paleontologist and comparative anatomist, as well as a noted herpetologist and ichthyologist. Born to a wealthy Quaker family, Cope distinguished himself as a child prodigy interested in science; he published his first scientific paper at the age of nineteen...
, 1870). - Boulder darterBoulder darterThe boulder darter is a species of fish in the Percidae family. It is endemic to Alabama and Tennessee in the United States, where it occurs in the Elk River System.-External links:...
, Etheostoma wapiti Etnier & Williams, 1989. - Redfin darter, Etheostoma whipplei (GirardCharles Frédéric GirardCharles Frédéric Girard was a French biologist specializing in ichthyology and herpetology.Born in Mulhouse, France, he studied at the College of Neuchâtel, Switzerland as a student of Louis Agassiz. In 1847, he accompanied Agassiz as his assistant to Harvard...
, 1859). - Banded darterBanded DarterThe Banded Darter is a European species of dragonfly of the family Libellulidae.-Description:Males of the Banded Darter, like most members of the genus, have a red abdomen. The species' primary distinguishing feature however is the presence, in both sexes, of broad black bands across the outer...
, Etheostoma zonaleEtheostoma zonaleThe common name of Etheostoma zonale is the banded darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
(CopeEdward Drinker CopeEdward Drinker Cope was an American paleontologist and comparative anatomist, as well as a noted herpetologist and ichthyologist. Born to a wealthy Quaker family, Cope distinguished himself as a child prodigy interested in science; he published his first scientific paper at the age of nineteen...
, 1868). - Backwater darter, Etheostoma zonifer (Hubbs & Cannon, 1935).
- Bandfin darter, Etheostoma zonistiumEtheostoma zonistiumThe common name of Etheostoma zonistium is the bandfin darter. It is one of the 324 fish species found in Tennessee....
Bailey & Etnier, 1988.
- Sharphead darter
- Genus GymnocephalusGymnocephalusGymnocephalus is a ray-finned fish genus of the perch family . Its members live in western Eurasia. They are collectively called ruffes and resemble the common perches , but are usually smaller and have a different pattern....
(European ruffes)- Donets ruffe, Gymnocephalus acerinus (Güldenstädt, 1774).
- Danube ruffe, Gymnocephalus baloni Holcík & Hensel, 1974.
- RuffeRuffeThe Eurasian Ruffe or simply Ruffe is a freshwater fish found in temperate regions of Europe and northern Asia. It has been introduced into the Great Lakes of North America, reportedly with unfortunate results...
, Gymnocephalus cernuus (LinnaeusCarolus LinnaeusCarl Linnaeus , also known after his ennoblement as , was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology...
, 1758). - SchraetzerSchraetzerThe schraetzer or striped ruffe is a species of fish in the Percidae family. It is found in Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Moldova, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Ukraine.-Source:* World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1996. . Downloaded...
, Gymnocephalus schraetser (LinnaeusCarolus LinnaeusCarl Linnaeus , also known after his ennoblement as , was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology...
, 1758).
- Genus PercaPerchPerch is a common name for fish of the genus Perca, freshwater gamefish belonging to the family Percidae. The perch, of which there are three species in different geographical areas, lend their name to a large order of vertebrates: the Perciformes, from the Greek perke meaning spotted, and the...
(yellow perches)- Yellow perchYellow perchThe yellow perch is a species of perch found in the United States and Canada, where it is often referred to by the shortform perch. Yellow perch look similar to the European perch, but are paler and more yellowish, with less red in the fins. They have six to eight dark, vertical bars on their sides...
, Perca flavescens (MitchillSamuel Latham MitchillSamuel Latham Mitchill was an American physician, naturalist, and politician from New York. He was born in Hempstead, New York...
, 1814). - European perchEuropean perchThe European perch, Perca fluviatilis, is a predatory species of perch found in Europe and Asia. In some areas it is known as the redfin perch or English perch, and it is often known simply as perch. The species is a popular quarry for anglers and has been widely introduced beyond its native area,...
, Perca fluviatilis LinnaeusCarolus LinnaeusCarl Linnaeus , also known after his ennoblement as , was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology...
, 1758. - Balkhash perchBalkhash perchThe Balkhash perch is a species of perch found in Kazakhstan, , Uzbekistan, and China. It is very similar to the European perch, and grows to a comparable size.-References:...
, Perca schrenkii Kessler, 1874.
- Yellow perch
- Genus PercarinaPercarinaPercarina is a genus of fish in the Percidae family.It contains the following species:* Percarina demidoffi...
- PercarinaPercarinaPercarina is a genus of fish in the Percidae family.It contains the following species:* Percarina demidoffi...
, Percarina demidoffiPercarina demidoffiPercarina demidoffi is a species of fish in the Percidae family. It is found in Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine.-Source:* World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1996. . Downloaded on 4 August 2007....
Nordmann, 1840.
- Percarina
- Genus PercinaPercinaPercina is a genus of small bony fishes of the family Percidae, mostly from North America. Like similar Etheostomatinae they are called "darters". More specifically the genus as a whole is known as roughbelly darters, while certain species of Percina with a pattern of vertical bars on the flanks...
(roughbelly darters and logperches, c.45 species) - Genus Romanichthys
- Asprete, Romanichthys valsanicolaRomanichthys valsanicolaRomanichthys valsanicola is the scientific name of the fish known as the sculpin-perch, asprete, or Romanian darter, the only member of the Romanichthys genus of the fish family Percidae....
Dumitrescu, Banarescu & Stoica, 1957.
- Asprete, Romanichthys valsanicola
- Genus SanderSander (genus)Sander is a genus of fish in the Percidae family. They are also known as "pike-perch" because of their resemblance to fish in the unrelated Esocidae family....
(pike-perches)- SaugerSaugerThe sauger is a freshwater perciform fish of the family Percidae which resembles its close relative the walleye. They are members of the largest vertebrate order, Perciforms. They are the most migratory percid species in North America. Saugers obtain two dorsal fins, the first is spiny and the...
, Sander canadensis (Griffith & Smith, 1834). - ZanderZanderZander is a species of fish. The scientific name is Sander lucioperca , and it is closely allied to perch. Zander are often called pike-perch as they resemble the pike with their elongated body and head, and the perch with their spiny dorsal fin. Zander are not, as is commonly believed, a pike and...
, Sander lucioperca (LinnaeusCarolus LinnaeusCarl Linnaeus , also known after his ennoblement as , was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology...
, 1758). - Estuarine perch, Sander marinus (CuvierGeorges CuvierGeorges Chrétien Léopold Dagobert Cuvier or Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric Cuvier , known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist...
, 1828). - WalleyeWalleyeWalleye is a freshwater perciform fish native to most of Canada and to the northern United States. It is a North American close relative of the European pikeperch...
, Sander vitreus (MitchillSamuel Latham MitchillSamuel Latham Mitchill was an American physician, naturalist, and politician from New York. He was born in Hempstead, New York...
, 1818). - Volga pikeperch, Sander volgensis (GmelinJohann Friedrich GmelinJohann Friedrich Gmelin was a German naturalist, botanist, entomologist, herpetologist and malacologist.- Education :Johann Friedrich Gmelin was born as the eldest son of Philipp Friedrich Gmelin in 1748 in Tübingen...
, 1789).
- Sauger
- Genus ZingelZingelZingel is a genus of fish in the Percidae family. They are long and slender, reaching 12 to 48 centimetres in length. They are found in rivers and streams in Europe. They feed mainly on aquatic invertebrates such as crustaceans and insect larvae and will also eat small fish...
- Rhone streber, Zingel asperZingel asperZingel asper, the Apron, is a species of fish in the Percidae family that is at a high risk of becoming extinct.-Diet and habitat:...
(LinnaeusCarolus LinnaeusCarl Linnaeus , also known after his ennoblement as , was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology...
, 1758). - Zingel balcanicusZingel balcanicusZingel balcanicus is a species of fish in the Percidae family. It is found in Greece and Macedonia. Its natural habitat is rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:* Crivelli, A.J. 2005. . Downloaded on 5 August 2007....
(Karaman, 1937). - Danube streber, Zingel streber (Siebold, 1863).
- ZingelZingelZingel is a genus of fish in the Percidae family. They are long and slender, reaching 12 to 48 centimetres in length. They are found in rivers and streams in Europe. They feed mainly on aquatic invertebrates such as crustaceans and insect larvae and will also eat small fish...
, Zingel zingel (LinnaeusCarolus LinnaeusCarl Linnaeus , also known after his ennoblement as , was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology...
, 1766).
- Rhone streber, Zingel asper