Philip I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
Encyclopedia
Philip I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen ' onMouseout='HidePop("60034")' href="/topics/Herzberg_am_Harz">Herzberg
) was a member of the House of Guelph. He was ruler of the Principality of Grubenhagen. He was the second son of Duke Albert II
of Grubenhagen and his wife Elizabeth, née Countess of Waldeck
. Philip was the last member of the Grubenhagen line to use the title Duke of Brunswick. His successors used the title Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg, like most other princes of the House of Guelph.
After his father's death in 1485, he was first under the guardianship of his cousin Henry and his mother Elisabeth. As early as 1486 he signed deeds himself. In 1494, he took up the government of his principality. His seat, Herzberg Castle
, was completely destroyed in a fire in 1510. His cousin Henry died childless in 1526 and Philip inherited Henry's part of the principality, thereby reuniting all of Grubenhagen under a single Duke for the first time since 1479.
Philip was one of the first princes to follow the Reformation
. He was present at the Diet of Worms
in 1521 and joined the League of Torgau
in 1526. In 1531, he formed, with other princes, the Schmalkaldic League
. He then reformed the monasteries in his principality and in 1538, he adopted a Church order
for Grubenhagen and declared the papal doctrine to be abolished. In 1546 Philip and his sons participated in a military campaign in the Schmalkaldic War
in southern Germany, which ended unsuccessfully at Ingolstadt
. This campaign drew the ire of Emperor Charles V
. After the utter defeat of the Protestants, he was acquitted in 1548 and reinstated as Duke.
After his death in 1551, he was succeeded by his son Ernest III
in the government, and after Ernest's death in 1567, Ernest was succeeded by his younger brother Wolfgang
. When Wolfgang died in 1595 without male offspring, he was succeeded by Philip's youngest son, Philip II
. With Philip II's death without male offspring in 1596, the male line of the Grubenhagen line of the House of Guelph died out.
He then married Catherine of Mansfeld-Vorderort (born October 1, 1501; died 1535). They had nine children:
Herzberg am Harz
Herzberg am Harz is a town in the Osterode district of Lower Saxony, Germany.- History :Herzberg castle was first mentioned in 1154. The town was part of the state of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, and the castle was for some time used as a residence by the dukes...
) was a member of the House of Guelph. He was ruler of the Principality of Grubenhagen. He was the second son of Duke Albert II
Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg , was a Prince of Grubenhagen; he reigned from 1440 until his death in 1485.Albert II was the third son of Duke Eric I and Elizabeth of Brunswick-Göttingen, a daughter of Otto the Bad, Duke of Brunswick-Göttingen. He was a grandson of the Duke Albert I, was...
of Grubenhagen and his wife Elizabeth, née Countess of Waldeck
Waldeck
-Places:* Waldeck Castle, a medieval fortress/castle in Germany* Waldeck, Hesse, a town in Hesse* Waldeck or Waldeck-Pyrmont, a principality in the German Empire and German Confederation, and a state in the Weimar Republic, named after the above castle and town* Waldeck, Bavaria, a village in the...
. Philip was the last member of the Grubenhagen line to use the title Duke of Brunswick. His successors used the title Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg, like most other princes of the House of Guelph.
After his father's death in 1485, he was first under the guardianship of his cousin Henry and his mother Elisabeth. As early as 1486 he signed deeds himself. In 1494, he took up the government of his principality. His seat, Herzberg Castle
Herzberg Castle
Herzberg Castle is a German Schloss in Herzberg am Harz in the district of Osterode am Harz in the state of Lower Saxony. The present-day four-winged building has its origins in the 11th century as a medieval Burg. After a fire in 1510 it was rebuilt as a Schloss and is one of the few in Lower...
, was completely destroyed in a fire in 1510. His cousin Henry died childless in 1526 and Philip inherited Henry's part of the principality, thereby reuniting all of Grubenhagen under a single Duke for the first time since 1479.
Philip was one of the first princes to follow the Reformation
Reformation
- Movements :* Protestant Reformation, an attempt by Martin Luther to reform the Roman Catholic Church that resulted in a schism, and grew into a wider movement...
. He was present at the Diet of Worms
Diet of Worms
The Diet of Worms 1521 was a diet that took place in Worms, Germany, and is most memorable for the Edict of Worms , which addressed Martin Luther and the effects of the Protestant Reformation.It was conducted from 28 January to 25 May 1521, with Emperor Charles V presiding.Other Imperial diets at...
in 1521 and joined the League of Torgau
League of Torgau
The League of Torgau was an alliance of Protestant princes, including Philip of Hesse and John of Saxony, which was formed in 1526 by Lutheran princes within the Holy Roman Empire, to oppose the terms set forth in the Edict of Worms. Because it had no substantial military, it was unable to...
in 1526. In 1531, he formed, with other princes, the Schmalkaldic League
Schmalkaldic League
The Schmalkaldic League was a defensive alliance of Lutheran princes within the Holy Roman Empire during the mid-16th century. Although originally started for religious motives soon after the start of the Protestant Reformation, its members eventually intended for the League to replace the Holy...
. He then reformed the monasteries in his principality and in 1538, he adopted a Church order
Church order
Church Order is the systematically organised set of rules drawn up by a qualified body for the church. From the point of view of civil law, the church order can be described as the internal law of the church...
for Grubenhagen and declared the papal doctrine to be abolished. In 1546 Philip and his sons participated in a military campaign in the Schmalkaldic War
Schmalkaldic War
The Schmalkaldic War refers to the short period of violence from 1546 until 1547 between the forces of Emperor Charles I of Spain and V of the Holy Roman Empire, commanded by Don Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alba, and the Lutheran Schmalkaldic League within the domains of the Holy Roman...
in southern Germany, which ended unsuccessfully at Ingolstadt
Ingolstadt
Ingolstadt is a city in the Free State of Bavaria, in the Federal Republic of Germany. It is located along the banks of the Danube River, in the center of Bavaria. As at 31 March 2011, Ingolstadt had 125.407 residents...
. This campaign drew the ire of Emperor Charles V
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I, of the Spanish Empire from 1516 until his voluntary retirement and abdication in favor of his younger brother Ferdinand I and his son Philip II in 1556.As...
. After the utter defeat of the Protestants, he was acquitted in 1548 and reinstated as Duke.
After his death in 1551, he was succeeded by his son Ernest III
Ernest III, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
Ernest III of Brunswick-Grubenhagen-Herzberg , was a member of the noble family of Guelph and a duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen....
in the government, and after Ernest's death in 1567, Ernest was succeeded by his younger brother Wolfgang
Wolfgang, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
Duke Wolfgang of Brunswick-Grubenhagen was the Prince of Grubenhagen from 1567 to 1595.Wolfgang was born on 6 April 1531 in Herzberg, the fifth son of Duke Philip I of Brunswick-Grubenhagen and his second wife, Catherine of Mansfeld. He succeeded his brother, Ernest as Duke in 1567, governing the...
. When Wolfgang died in 1595 without male offspring, he was succeeded by Philip's youngest son, Philip II
Philip II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
Duke Philip II of Brunswick-Grubenhagen was from 1595 to 1596 Prince of Grubenhagen. When he died in 1596, the Grubenhagen line of the House of Guelph died out....
. With Philip II's death without male offspring in 1596, the male line of the Grubenhagen line of the House of Guelph died out.
Marriage and Offspring
Philip I. was married twice. His first wife probably died in childbirth, in 1509. They had one son:- Philip (1509–1512)
He then married Catherine of Mansfeld-Vorderort (born October 1, 1501; died 1535). They had nine children:
- Ernest IIIErnest III, Duke of Brunswick-GrubenhagenErnest III of Brunswick-Grubenhagen-Herzberg , was a member of the noble family of Guelph and a duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen....
(born: 17 December 1518; died April 2, 1567), Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
- married Anne Margaret of Pomerania-Stettin (1551-1567)
- Elizabeth (born: 18 March 1520, died 1520)
- Albert (born: 20 October 1521; died in battle 20 October 1546)
- Phillip (born: 10 June 1523, died 1531)
- Catherine (born: 30 August 1524; died 24 February 1581)
- married firstly Duke John ErnestJohn Ernest, Duke of Saxe-CoburgJohn Ernest was a Duke of Saxe-Coburg.John Ernest was born in Coburg as the third son of John, Elector of Saxony, and his second wife Margaret of Anhalt-Köthen...
of Saxe-Coburg; - married secondly Philip II, Count of Schwarzburg-Leutenberg
- John (born: 28 May 1526; died in the Battle of Saint-Quentin, 2 September 1557, Saint-QuentinSaint-QuentinPlaces called Saint-Quentin include:*Saint-Quentin, Aisne, Aisne, Picardie, France*Saint-Quentin, New Brunswick, Canada*Saint-Quentin Parish, New Brunswick, CanadaSaint-Quentin is part of the name of several places, including:...
, France) - Barbara (born:25 January 1528; died 1528)
- WolfgangWolfgang, Duke of Brunswick-GrubenhagenDuke Wolfgang of Brunswick-Grubenhagen was the Prince of Grubenhagen from 1567 to 1595.Wolfgang was born on 6 April 1531 in Herzberg, the fifth son of Duke Philip I of Brunswick-Grubenhagen and his second wife, Catherine of Mansfeld. He succeeded his brother, Ernest as Duke in 1567, governing the...
(born: 6 April 1531; died 14 March 1595), Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
- John (born: 28 May 1526; died in the Battle of Saint-Quentin, 2 September 1557, Saint-Quentin
- married Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg (1567-1595)
- Philip IIPhilip II, Duke of Brunswick-GrubenhagenDuke Philip II of Brunswick-Grubenhagen was from 1595 to 1596 Prince of Grubenhagen. When he died in 1596, the Grubenhagen line of the House of Guelph died out....
(born: 2 May 1533, died: 4 April 1596), Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
- Philip II
- married Clara of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1595-1596)