Philippe de Crèvecœur d'Esquerdes
Encyclopedia
Philippe de Crèvecœur, seigneur d'Esquerdes (1418 – 1494), was a French military and a Marshal of France
in 1486.
He is also known as Maréchal des Cordes ou Maréchal d'Esquerdes.
and Thois, Captain of Compiègne
, Governor of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and a Knight in the Order of the Golden Fleece
. Philippe entered the service of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy. He was governor of Troyes
in 1463 and distinguished himself in 1465 at the Battle of Montlhéry
.
In 1467, he fought against the Prince-Bishopric of Liège and was awarded the Order of the Golden Fleece
.
He was then governor of Artois
and Picardy
, where he defended Abbeville
against Louis XI
.
In 1472, he conquered Nesle
, but failed to take Beauvais
defended by Jeanne Hachette
.
When Charles the Bold was killed in 1477 without a male heir, Crèvecœur went over to serve King Louis XI of France
, who claimed all the lands owned by Charles. Crèvecœur remained governor of Picardy
and also puts Artois under French rule, delivering Arras to the French Army. For this, he received the Order of Saint Michael
.
In the Battle of Guinegate (1479)
he is defeated by Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
. Nevertheless, he is made in 1486 Marshal of France and Lieutenant-General of the King's army in Picardy.
During the Mad War
, he is successful in stopping the attacks of the Imperial forces. He defeated Ravenstein
in 1486, and captured during the Battle of Béthune in 1487, Charles II, Duke of Guelders and Engelbert II of Nassau
. He also took Saint-Omer and Thérouanne
.
In 1492, he negociated the Peace of Etaples
with King Henry VII of England
.
When Charles VIII of France
prepared his Italian campaign in 1494, Crèvecœur was given the command of the vanguard, but he died at Bresle
near Lyon, before the start of the campaign.
He had no children and was buried in the Notre-Dame church of Boulogne-sur-Mer
.
Marshal of France
The Marshal of France is a military distinction in contemporary France, not a military rank. It is granted to generals for exceptional achievements...
in 1486.
He is also known as Maréchal des Cordes ou Maréchal d'Esquerdes.
Biography
He was the son of Jacques ( † 1436), Lord of CrèvecœurCrèvecœur-le-Grand
Crèvecœur-le-Grand is a town in northern France. It is designated municipally as a commune within the département of Oise.-References:*...
and Thois, Captain of Compiègne
Compiègne
Compiègne is a city in northern France. It is designated municipally as a commune within the département of Oise.The city is located along the Oise River...
, Governor of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and a Knight in the Order of the Golden Fleece
Order of the Golden Fleece
The Order of the Golden Fleece is an order of chivalry founded in Bruges by Philip III, Duke of Burgundy in 1430, to celebrate his marriage to the Portuguese princess Infanta Isabella of Portugal, daughter of King John I of Portugal. It evolved as one of the most prestigious orders in Europe...
. Philippe entered the service of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy. He was governor of Troyes
Troyes
Troyes is a commune and the capital of the Aube department in north-central France. It is located on the Seine river about southeast of Paris. Many half-timbered houses survive in the old town...
in 1463 and distinguished himself in 1465 at the Battle of Montlhéry
Battle of Montlhéry
The Battle of Montlhéry was fought between Louis XI and the League of the Public Weal on the 16th of July 1465 in proximity to Longpont-sur-Orge. It had no clear winner and therefore didn't decide the war.-Insurgency of the Vassal countries:...
.
In 1467, he fought against the Prince-Bishopric of Liège and was awarded the Order of the Golden Fleece
Order of the Golden Fleece
The Order of the Golden Fleece is an order of chivalry founded in Bruges by Philip III, Duke of Burgundy in 1430, to celebrate his marriage to the Portuguese princess Infanta Isabella of Portugal, daughter of King John I of Portugal. It evolved as one of the most prestigious orders in Europe...
.
He was then governor of Artois
Artois
Artois is a former province of northern France. Its territory has an area of around 4000 km² and a population of about one million. Its principal cities are Arras , Saint-Omer, Lens and Béthune.-Location:...
and Picardy
Picardy
This article is about the historical French province. For other uses, see Picardy .Picardy is a historical province of France, in the north of France...
, where he defended Abbeville
Abbeville
Abbeville is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Location:Abbeville is located on the Somme River, from its modern mouth in the English Channel, and northwest of Amiens...
against Louis XI
Louis XI of France
Louis XI , called the Prudent , was the King of France from 1461 to 1483. He was the son of Charles VII of France and Mary of Anjou, a member of the House of Valois....
.
In 1472, he conquered Nesle
Nesle
Nesle is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Geography:Nesle is situated at the junction of the D930 and D337 roads, some southwest of Saint-Quentin. The Ingon, a small stream, passes through the commune.-Population:...
, but failed to take Beauvais
Beauvais
Beauvais is a city approximately by highway north of central Paris, in the northern French region of Picardie. It currently has a population of over 60,000 inhabitants.- History :...
defended by Jeanne Hachette
Jeanne Hachette
Jeanne Laisné was a French heroine known as Jeanne Fourquet and nicknamed Jeanne Hachette .All that she is currently known for is an act of heroism on 27 June 1472, when she prevented the capture of Beauvais by the troops of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy...
.
When Charles the Bold was killed in 1477 without a male heir, Crèvecœur went over to serve King Louis XI of France
Louis XI of France
Louis XI , called the Prudent , was the King of France from 1461 to 1483. He was the son of Charles VII of France and Mary of Anjou, a member of the House of Valois....
, who claimed all the lands owned by Charles. Crèvecœur remained governor of Picardy
Picardy
This article is about the historical French province. For other uses, see Picardy .Picardy is a historical province of France, in the north of France...
and also puts Artois under French rule, delivering Arras to the French Army. For this, he received the Order of Saint Michael
Order of Saint Michael
The Order of Saint Michael was a French chivalric order, founded by Louis XI of France in 1469, in competitive response to the Burgundian Order of the Golden Fleece founded by Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy, Louis' chief competitor for the allegiance of the great houses of France, the Dukes of...
.
In the Battle of Guinegate (1479)
Battle of Guinegate (1479)
The First Battle of Guinegate took place on August 7, 1479. French troops of King Louis XI were defeated by the Burgundians led by Archduke Maximilian of Habsburg...
he is defeated by Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
Maximilian I , the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1493 until his death, though he was never in fact crowned by the Pope, the journey to Rome always being too risky...
. Nevertheless, he is made in 1486 Marshal of France and Lieutenant-General of the King's army in Picardy.
During the Mad War
Mad War
The Mad War , also known as the War of the Public Weal, was a late Medieval conflict between a coalition of feudal lords and the French monarchy. It occurred during the regency of Anne of Beaujeu in the period after the death of Louis XI and before the majority of the young king Charles VIII...
, he is successful in stopping the attacks of the Imperial forces. He defeated Ravenstein
Ravenstein
-Places:*Ravenstein, Germany in the district Neckar-Odenwald, Baden-Württemberg*Ravenstein, Netherlands in Oss, North Brabant-People:*Johann von Ravenstein a Lieutenant in World War I and Lieutenant general in the Wehrmacht during World War II...
in 1486, and captured during the Battle of Béthune in 1487, Charles II, Duke of Guelders and Engelbert II of Nassau
Engelbert II of Nassau
Engelbert II of Nassau, Engelbrecht in Dutch, , was count of Nassau and Vianden, lord of Breda and Lek, Diest, Roosendaal, Nispen and Wouw...
. He also took Saint-Omer and Thérouanne
Thérouanne
Thérouanne is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France.-Geography:Thérouanne is located 10 miles southwest of Saint-Omer, on the D157 and D341 road junction.-Population:-History:...
.
In 1492, he negociated the Peace of Etaples
Peace of Etaples
The Peace of Etaples was signed in Étaples between the kings Charles VIII Valois of France and Henry VII Tudor of England on November 3, 1492.-History:...
with King Henry VII of England
Henry VII of England
Henry VII was King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizing the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death on 21 April 1509, as the first monarch of the House of Tudor....
.
When Charles VIII of France
Charles VIII of France
Charles VIII, called the Affable, , was King of France from 1483 to his death in 1498. Charles was a member of the House of Valois...
prepared his Italian campaign in 1494, Crèvecœur was given the command of the vanguard, but he died at Bresle
Bresle
Bresle is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France.-Geography:Bresle is situated on the D226 road, some northwest of Amiens.-Population:-External links:*...
near Lyon, before the start of the campaign.
He had no children and was buried in the Notre-Dame church of Boulogne-sur-Mer
Boulogne-sur-Mer
-Road:* Metropolitan bus services are operated by the TCRB* Coach services to Calais and Dunkerque* A16 motorway-Rail:* The main railway station is Gare de Boulogne-Ville and located in the south of the city....
.