Phosphorus acid
Encyclopedia
Phosphorus acids are oxoacid
s of phosphorus
. There are a large number of these and some cannot be isolated and are only known through their salts. Examples include:
In addition there are a range of polyphosphoric acids such as
as well as acids with mixed oxidation states e.g.
Oxoacid
An oxoacid is an acid that contains oxygen. To be more specific, it is an acid that:#contains oxygen#contains at least one other element#has at least one hydrogen atom bound to oxygen#forms an ion by the loss of one or more protons....
s of phosphorus
Phosphorus
Phosphorus is the chemical element that has the symbol P and atomic number 15. A multivalent nonmetal of the nitrogen group, phosphorus as a mineral is almost always present in its maximally oxidized state, as inorganic phosphate rocks...
. There are a large number of these and some cannot be isolated and are only known through their salts. Examples include:
- H3PO2; Hypophosphorous acidHypophosphorous acidHypophosphorous acid is a phosphorus oxoacid and a powerful reducing agent with molecular formula H3PO2. Inorganic chemists refer to the free acid by this name , or the acceptable name of phosphinic acid. It is a colorless low-melting compound, which is soluble in water, dioxane, and alcohols...
or Phosphinic acid, H2PO(OH), monobasic acidMonobasic acidA monobasic acid is an acid that has only one hydrogen ion to donate to a base in an acid-base reaction. Therefore, a monobasic molecule has only one replaceable hydrogen atom. Examples are HCl and HNO3.-External links:**...
, contains P in oxidation state +1 - H3PO3; Phosphorous acidPhosphorous acidPhosphorous acid is the compound described by the formula H3PO3. This acid is diprotic , not triprotic as might be suggested by this formula. Phosphorous acid is as an intermediate in the preparation of other phosphorus compounds.-Nomenclature and tautomerism:H3PO3 is more clearly described with...
or Phosphonic acid,HPO(OH)2, dibasic acidDibasic acidA dibasic acid is an acid that has two hydrogen ions to donate to a base in an acid-base reaction. Therefore, a dibasic molecule has two replaceable hydrogen atoms. Example: H2SO4....
, contains P in oxidation state +3 - H3PO4; Phosphoric acidPhosphoric acidPhosphoric acid, also known as orthophosphoric acid or phosphoric acid, is a mineral acid having the chemical formula H3PO4. Orthophosphoric acid molecules can combine with themselves to form a variety of compounds which are also referred to as phosphoric acids, but in a more general way...
, PO(OH)3, tribasic acidTribasic acidA tribasic acid is an acid that has three hydrogen ions to donate to a base in an acid-base reaction. Therefore, a tribasic molecule has three replaceable hydrogen atoms.Phosphoric acid and citric acid are examples of tribasic acids....
, contains P in oxidation state +5 - H3PO5; Peroxomonophosphoric acid, OP(OH)2OOH, tribasic acidTribasic acidA tribasic acid is an acid that has three hydrogen ions to donate to a base in an acid-base reaction. Therefore, a tribasic molecule has three replaceable hydrogen atoms.Phosphoric acid and citric acid are examples of tribasic acids....
, contains P in oxidation state +5 - H4P2O6; Hypophosphoric acid, (OH)2P(O)−P(O)(OH)2, tetrabasic acid, contains P in formal oxidation state +4
- H4P2O7; Pyrophosphoric acidPyrophosphoric acidPyrophosphoric acid, also known under the name diphosphoric acid, is colorless, odorless, hygroscopic and is soluble in water, diethyl ether, and ethyl alcohol. It is produced from phosphoric acid by dehydration. Pyrophosphoric acid slowly hydrolyzes in the presence of water into phosphoric...
, (OH)2(O)P-O-P(O)(OH)2, tetrabasic acid, contains P in formal oxidation state +5
In addition there are a range of polyphosphoric acids such as
- H5P3O10; Triphosphoric acidTriphosphoric acidTriphosphoric acid, also tripolyphosphoric acid, with formula H5P3O10, is a condensed form of phosphoric acid.In polyphosphoric acids, it is the next after pyrophosphoric acid, H4P2O7, also called diphosphoric acid....
as well as acids with mixed oxidation states e.g.
- H4P2O6; H(OH)(O)P-O-P(O)(OH)2, containing P in oxidation state +3 and +5