Pierre Marie
Encyclopedia
Pierre Marie was a French neurologist
who was a native of Paris
.
After finishing medical school, he became an intern in 1878, where he was an assistant to the famous neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot
(1825–1893) at the Salpêtrière
and Bicêtre
Hospitals. In 1883 he received his medical doctorate with a graduate thesis on Basedow’s disease, and in 1888 was promoted to médecin des hôpitaux in Paris. In 1907 he attained the chair of pathological anatomy at the Faculty of Medicine, and in 1917 was appointed to the chair of neurology
, a position he held until 1925.
In 1911 Marie became a member of the Académie de Médecine.
One of Marie's earlier contributions was a description of a disorder of the pituitary gland
known as acromegaly
. His analysis of the disease was an important contribution in the emerging field of endocrinology
. Marie is also credited as the first to describe pulmonary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, cleidocranial dysostosis
and rhizomelic
spondylosis
. In his extensive research of aphasia
, his views concerning language disorders sharply contrasted the generally accepted views of Paul Broca
(1824–1880). In 1907, he was the first person to describe the speech production
disorder of foreign accent syndrome
.
Marie was the first general secretary of the Société Française de Neurologie, and with Edouard Brissaud
(1852–1909), he was co-founder of the journal Revue neurologique. His name is associated with the eponymous Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
; which is named along with Jean-Martin Charcot
and Howard Henry Tooth
(1856–1925). This disease is characterized by gradual progressive loss of muscle tissue in the legs, arms and feet. It is considered one of the more common hereditary neurological diseases.
Neurology
Neurology is a medical specialty dealing with disorders of the nervous system. Specifically, it deals with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of disease involving the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems, including their coverings, blood vessels, and all effector tissue,...
who was a native of Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
.
After finishing medical school, he became an intern in 1878, where he was an assistant to the famous neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot
Jean-Martin Charcot
Jean-Martin Charcot was a French neurologist and professor of anatomical pathology. He is known as "the founder of modern neurology" and is "associated with at least 15 medical eponyms", including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis...
(1825–1893) at the Salpêtrière
Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital
The Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital is a teaching hospital located in Paris, France. Part of the Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, it is one of Europe's largest hospitals...
and Bicêtre
Bicêtre Hospital
The Bicêtre Hospital is located in Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, which is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It lies 4.5 km from the center of Paris. The Bicêtre Hospital was originally planned as a military hospital, with construction begun in 1634. With the help of Vincent de Paul, it was...
Hospitals. In 1883 he received his medical doctorate with a graduate thesis on Basedow’s disease, and in 1888 was promoted to médecin des hôpitaux in Paris. In 1907 he attained the chair of pathological anatomy at the Faculty of Medicine, and in 1917 was appointed to the chair of neurology
Neurology
Neurology is a medical specialty dealing with disorders of the nervous system. Specifically, it deals with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of disease involving the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems, including their coverings, blood vessels, and all effector tissue,...
, a position he held until 1925.
In 1911 Marie became a member of the Académie de Médecine.
One of Marie's earlier contributions was a description of a disorder of the pituitary gland
Pituitary gland
In vertebrate anatomy the pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing 0.5 g , in humans. It is a protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain, and rests in a small, bony cavity covered by a dural fold...
known as acromegaly
Acromegaly
Acromegaly is a syndrome that results when the anterior pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone after epiphyseal plate closure at puberty...
. His analysis of the disease was an important contribution in the emerging field of endocrinology
Endocrinology
Endocrinology is a branch of biology and medicine dealing with the endocrine system, its diseases, and its specific secretions called hormones, the integration of developmental events such as proliferation, growth, and differentiation and the coordination of...
. Marie is also credited as the first to describe pulmonary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, cleidocranial dysostosis
Cleidocranial dysostosis
Cleidocranial dysostosis, also called Cleidocranial dysplasia, is a hereditary congenital disorder due to haploinsufficiency caused by mutations in the CBFA1 gene also called Runx2, located on the short arm of chromosome 6....
and rhizomelic
Rhizomelia
Rhizomelia refers to either a disproportion of the length of the proximal limb, such as the shortened limbs of achondroplasia, or some other disorder of the hip or shoulder....
spondylosis
Spondylosis
Spondylosis is a term referring to degenerative osteoarthritis of the joints between the centra of the spinal vertebrae and/or neural foraminae. If this condition occurs in the zygapophysial joints, it can be considered facet syndrome...
. In his extensive research of aphasia
Aphasia
Aphasia is an impairment of language ability. This class of language disorder ranges from having difficulty remembering words to being completely unable to speak, read, or write....
, his views concerning language disorders sharply contrasted the generally accepted views of Paul Broca
Paul Broca
Pierre Paul Broca was a French physician, surgeon, anatomist, and anthropologist. He was born in Sainte-Foy-la-Grande, Gironde. He is best known for his research on Broca's area, a region of the frontal lobe that has been named after him. Broca’s Area is responsible for articulated language...
(1824–1880). In 1907, he was the first person to describe the speech production
Speech production
Speech production is the process by which spoken words are selected to be produced, have their phonetics formulated and then finally are articulated by the motor system in the vocal apparatus...
disorder of foreign accent syndrome
Foreign accent syndrome
Irregular repetitive speech syndrome is a rare medical condition involving speech repition that usually occurs as a side effect of severe brain injury, such as a stroke or head trauma. Those suffering from the condition pronounce their native language with an accent that to listeners may be...
.
Marie was the first general secretary of the Société Française de Neurologie, and with Edouard Brissaud
Édouard Brissaud
-See also:*Timeline of tuberous sclerosis*History of Tourette syndrome...
(1852–1909), he was co-founder of the journal Revue neurologique. His name is associated with the eponymous Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease- , known also as Morbus Charcot-Marie-Tooth, Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy , hereditary sensorimotor neuropathy , or peroneal muscular atrophy, is an inherited disorder of nerves that takes different forms...
; which is named along with Jean-Martin Charcot
Jean-Martin Charcot
Jean-Martin Charcot was a French neurologist and professor of anatomical pathology. He is known as "the founder of modern neurology" and is "associated with at least 15 medical eponyms", including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis...
and Howard Henry Tooth
Howard Henry Tooth
Howard Henry Tooth, CMG, CB was a British neurologist and one of the discoverers of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.-Early life and education:...
(1856–1925). This disease is characterized by gradual progressive loss of muscle tissue in the legs, arms and feet. It is considered one of the more common hereditary neurological diseases.
Associated eponyms
- Marie's ataxia: an hereditary disease of the nervous systemNervous systemThe nervous system is an organ system containing a network of specialized cells called neurons that coordinate the actions of an animal and transmit signals between different parts of its body. In most animals the nervous system consists of two parts, central and peripheral. The central nervous...
, with cerebellar ataxiaAtaxiaAtaxia is a neurological sign and symptom that consists of gross lack of coordination of muscle movements. Ataxia is a non-specific clinical manifestation implying dysfunction of the parts of the nervous system that coordinate movement, such as the cerebellum...
. - Marie-Foix-Alajouanine syndrome: cerebellar ataxiaAtaxiaAtaxia is a neurological sign and symptom that consists of gross lack of coordination of muscle movements. Ataxia is a non-specific clinical manifestation implying dysfunction of the parts of the nervous system that coordinate movement, such as the cerebellum...
of the cerebellumCerebellumThe cerebellum is a region of the brain that plays an important role in motor control. It may also be involved in some cognitive functions such as attention and language, and in regulating fear and pleasure responses, but its movement-related functions are the most solidly established...
in the elderly; usually due to alcohol abuse. Named along with neurologists Théophile AlajouanineThéophile AlajouanineThéophile Alajouanine was a French neurologist.Théophile Alajouanine was a student of Joseph Jules Dejerine and a colleague to Georges Guillain and Charles Foix...
(1890–1980) and Charles FoixCharles FoixCharles Foix was a French internist and neurologist.Charles Foix was born in Salies-de-Béarn, Pyrénées-Atlantiques. He studied medicine at the University of Paris and was a pupil of Pierre Marie at the Salpêtrière Hospital...
(1882–1927). - Marie's anarthria: inability to articulate words due to cerebral lesions.
- Marie–Strümpel Disease: also known as Ankylosing spondylitisAnkylosing spondylitisAnkylosing spondylitis , previously known as Bekhterev's disease, Bekhterev syndrome, and Marie-Strümpell disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the axial skeleton with variable involvement of peripheral joints and nonarticular structures...
; a severe arthritic spinal deformity. Named along with German neurologist Adolph StrümpellAdolph StrümpellErnst Adolf Gustav Gottfried von Strümpell was a German neurologist who was born at Neu-Autz Estate, Courland Governorate...
(1853–1925). The disease is sometimes referred to as "Bekhterev Disease"; named after Russian neurophysiologist Vladimir BekhterevVladimir BekhterevVladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev was a Russian Neurologist and the Father of Objective Psychology. He is best known for noting the role of the hippocampus in memory, his study of reflexes, and Bekhterev’s Disease...
(1857–1927). - Marie-Léri syndrome: hand deformity caused by osteolysisOsteolysisOsteolysis refers to an active resorption of bone matrix by osteoclasts as part of an ongoing disease process.-Osteolysis in joint replacement:...
of the articular surfaces of the fingers. Named with neurologist André LériAndré LériAndré Léri was a French neurologist who was born in Paris. He studied medicine in Paris, where he was a student of Joseph Babinski and Pierre Marie ....
(1875–1930). - Bamberger-Marie disease, also known as Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathyHypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathyHypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy is a medical condition combining clubbing and periostitis of the long bones of the upper and lower extremities. Distal expansion of the long bones as well as painful, swollen joints and synovial villous proliferation are often seen...
.