Piqua Nuclear Generating Station
Encyclopedia
The Piqua Nuclear Power Facility was a nuclear power plant
which operated just outside the southern city limits of Piqua, Ohio
in the United States
. The plant contained a 45.5-megawatt (thermal) organically cooled and moderated nuclear reactor (terphenyl
, a biphenyl
like oil) . The Piqua facility was built and operated between 1963 and 1966 as a demonstration project by the Atomic Energy Commission
. The facility ceased operation in 1966. It was dismantled between 1967 and 1969, and the radioactive coolant and most other radioactive materials were removed. The remaining radioactive structural components of the reactor were entombed in the reactor vessel under sand and concrete.
(AEC). The municipalities were revealed when Senator Clinton P. Anderson of New Mexico accused the AEC of trying to impose an 'absolute Iron Curtain
around thought' regarding nuclear secrecy. At the same committee meeting the locations of the seven proposed power plants were announced:
By September 27, 1956 the AEC authorized contract negotiations for the $8M plant. $4M would come from the AEC to finance the reactor construction and $4M would be from the city of Piqua for facilities, land and building. The Atomics International
division of North American Aviation
was selected to design the plant.
Ongoing environmental inspections and dose reconstruction projects have been undertaken by the CDC
and other entities.
.
Nuclear power plant
A nuclear power plant is a thermal power station in which the heat source is one or more nuclear reactors. As in a conventional thermal power station the heat is used to generate steam which drives a steam turbine connected to a generator which produces electricity.Nuclear power plants are usually...
which operated just outside the southern city limits of Piqua, Ohio
Piqua, Ohio
Piqua is a city in Miami County, Ohio, United States. The population was 20,738 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Dayton Metropolitan Statistical Area.Piqua was one of the cities that experienced severe flooding during the Great Dayton Flood of 1913....
in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. The plant contained a 45.5-megawatt (thermal) organically cooled and moderated nuclear reactor (terphenyl
Terphenyl
Terphenyls are a group of closely related aromatic hydrocarbons. Also known as diphenylbenzenes or triphenyls, they consist of a central benzene ring substituted with two phenyl groups. The three isomers are ortho-terphenyl, meta-terphenyl, and para-terphenyl. Commercial grade terphenyl is...
, a biphenyl
Biphenyl
Biphenyl is an organic compound that forms colorless crystals. It has a distinctively pleasant smell. Biphenyl is an aromatic hydrocarbon with a molecular formula 2...
like oil) . The Piqua facility was built and operated between 1963 and 1966 as a demonstration project by the Atomic Energy Commission
United States Atomic Energy Commission
The United States Atomic Energy Commission was an agency of the United States government established after World War II by Congress to foster and control the peace time development of atomic science and technology. President Harry S...
. The facility ceased operation in 1966. It was dismantled between 1967 and 1969, and the radioactive coolant and most other radioactive materials were removed. The remaining radioactive structural components of the reactor were entombed in the reactor vessel under sand and concrete.
Background
The plant was first proposed February 1, 1956 when the local public utility company in Piqua, Ohio proposed to build a 12,500 kilowatt nuclear power plant using an organically moderated reactor by asking to join the U.S. government's small reactor construction program which provided joint government-utility participation. Seven power plant applications were received by the Atomic Energy CommissionUnited States Atomic Energy Commission
The United States Atomic Energy Commission was an agency of the United States government established after World War II by Congress to foster and control the peace time development of atomic science and technology. President Harry S...
(AEC). The municipalities were revealed when Senator Clinton P. Anderson of New Mexico accused the AEC of trying to impose an 'absolute Iron Curtain
Iron Curtain
The concept of the Iron Curtain symbolized the ideological fighting and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1989...
around thought' regarding nuclear secrecy. At the same committee meeting the locations of the seven proposed power plants were announced:
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By September 27, 1956 the AEC authorized contract negotiations for the $8M plant. $4M would come from the AEC to finance the reactor construction and $4M would be from the city of Piqua for facilities, land and building. The Atomics International
Atomics International
Atomics International was a division of the North American Aviation company which engaged principally in the early development of nuclear technology and nuclear reactors for both commercial and government applications...
division of North American Aviation
North American Aviation
North American Aviation was a major US aerospace manufacturer, responsible for a number of historic aircraft, including the T-6 Texan trainer, the P-51 Mustang fighter, the B-25 Mitchell bomber, the F-86 Sabre jet fighter, the X-15 rocket plane, and the XB-70, as well as Apollo Command and Service...
was selected to design the plant.
Plant operating events
As the plant was only in operation for three years, a summary of key operating events is included| Date | Action |
|---|---|
| June 1963 | Initially criticality achieved. |
| July 1963 | Fuel loading completed. |
| January 27, 1964 | Full power achieved; reactor operated steadily but with one scram. |
| May 21, 1964 | First scheduled shutdown for routine maintenance and inspection During this period of operation, POMR contributed ~ 40% of the energy generated by the City of Piqua. |
| December 7, 1964 | Reactor was shut down to renew fifteen in-vessel filters and remove the fuel element in Core position F-13 for examination. |
| January 28, 1965 | Reactor was shut down for complete replacement of in-vessel filters, maintenance, and for relocation of the instrumented fuel element from position E-12 to position D-5. |
| April 2, 1965 | Several malfunctioning control rod drive units repaired. Concern over possible plugged condition of the inner process tube of the control rod-bearing elements led to the movement of the six inner ring control rod elements to peripheral positions. The core size was increased from 61- 67 fuel elements. |
| May 6 – 12, 1965 | Scram Scram A scram or SCRAM is an emergency shutdown of a nuclear reactor – though the term has been extended to cover shutdowns of other complex operations, such as server farms and even large model railroads... occurred on May 6, 1965. During this time, the reactor coolant level had been lowered by operational error, which resulted in a temporary loss of circulation through three elements. Shutdown was extended until May 12 so the three fuel elements could be removed to spent-fuel storage. |
| May 13, 1965 (est) | Immediately upon restart, excessive surface temperatures were noted, necessitating additional fuel element removal. Because of the fuel element removal, the system operated with only one coolant pump during the latter half of June and into July. |
| July 18, 1965 | Reactor shut down for modifications, maintenance, and in-vessel filter replacement; performed extensive modifications of the in-core control rod circuitry. |
| September 6, 1965 | Reactor operation resumed. |
| October 12, 1965 | Reactor shut down, fuel rearrangements were made, increasing the core loading to 70 fuel elements. |
| October 23, 1965 | Reactor restarted. Operation of the reactor continued at an average power level of about 24 MWt. |
| January 13, 1966 | Reactor scrammed because of a spurious signal. At this time, there was no indication of any unusual condition in the reactor core. Prior to restarting the reactor, an abnormal in-core condition was identified during the performance of a rod-drop test. |
Technical problems
In 1966, problems with control rods and fouling in cooling surfaces led to ceased operations. The neutron flux within the reactor core induced polymerization of Terphenyl, leading to increased viscosity of the coolant and fouling.Plant decommissioning
After the plant ceased operations in 1966, the site's buildings were decontaminated, except for the containment vessel, which was entombed in concreteOngoing environmental inspections and dose reconstruction projects have been undertaken by the CDC
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are a United States federal agency under the Department of Health and Human Services headquartered in Druid Hills, unincorporated DeKalb County, Georgia, in Greater Atlanta...
and other entities.
Site Today
The facility's buildings that were not entombed are now used as a warehouse and office space for the City of PiquaPiqua, Ohio
Piqua is a city in Miami County, Ohio, United States. The population was 20,738 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Dayton Metropolitan Statistical Area.Piqua was one of the cities that experienced severe flooding during the Great Dayton Flood of 1913....
.
External links
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas/piqua.html
- http://www.em.doe.gov/bemr/bemrsites/pnpf.aspx