Pishobury
Encyclopedia
Pishobury or Pishiobury was the second great estate in medieval Sawbridgeworth
, Hertfordshire
.
This sub-manor of Pishobury originated in a grant of 74 libartes of land within the Manor of Sawbridgeworth
, which Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex
, who died in 1144, made to Warin FitzGerold and Henry FitzGerold
to hold by service of one Knight for each 20 libartes. Henry survived his brother, but his niece Margaret FitzGerold/FitzWarin inherited Pishobury. She had married in 1200 Baldwin de Redvers, 6th Earl of Devon, and in 1228 she levied a fine with William de Saye by which it was agreed that William and his heirs were to have free warren
, a hunting right, throughout Sawbridgeworth
.
The successive Lords of the manor of Pishobury had local hunting rights and their own park, too. In 1248 William de Say granted the heiress of Pishobury, Margaret FitzGerold/FitzeWarin, wife of Baldwin de Redvers, the right of free hunting on her own estate with dogs, birds or nets, and free fishing in the river where it joined her lands; in return she recognized the de Says' right to have free warren over the whole Sawbridgeworth
, including Pishobury. This right still exists today.
This agreement shows how the right of other manors developed out of the original manorial powers of John, Lord Robert Lisle's son, kept 12 acres (48,562.3 m²) of underwood from the land called Vodeleye; the park of Gedelesho and Gedelesho Wood (Gilston) and its keeper are mentioned, so presumably this was the manorial park. That the estate had some boundary fence or bank marking it off from neighbouring land is suggested by a reference to a house, on the left hand side within the second gare, which contained two chambres for habitation. Some idea of the size of Pishobury estate emerges from the long lease which Richard, Lord Scrope of Bolton, granted to John Chauncy in 1400. The property then consisted of 319½ acres of arable, 58 acres (234,717.9 m²) of pasture and 36 acres (145,687 m²) of meadow - houses and an orchard. In 1534, Lord Scrope, sold the manor to Henry VIII of England
who granted it to Anne Boleyn; an extend made at this time once again describes the estate. The perimeter of the park was nearly two miles; it was well wooded with game, deer and rabbits, and there was a lodge on one side for the keeper: could this have been the house within the second gate of 1343? There was a moated house within the park with stabling for twenty horses. The house was described as "somewhat fallen into decay"; it was replaced in 1585 by a new house built by Sir Walter Mildmay
. Chauncy described it as a "very neat and fair Pile of building for the Manor-house, upon a rising Ground in the Vale near the River Stort, lately converted into a Paddock for Deer, adorned in the Front thereof with a fair Bowling Green, raised about five Foot high, enclosed with a Brick Wall top with stone, and balls upon it, and two fair walks planted with trees; each walk extending about four Furlongs in length from the house to the road; where it is observable that there is no dust in summer, nor no dirt winter, a clear description of the setting of an Elizabethan house in its ground. The house was remodelled or rebuilt for Jeremiah Milles by James Wyatt
in 1782–84, the house as it was illustrated in Neale's Views of Seats 1st ser. iv (1821, illustration, right).
, who died in 1144, made the sub-manor of Pishobury originated in a grant of 74 libartes of land within the main Manor of Sawbridgeworth to Warin FitzGerold and Henry FitzGerold, to hold by service of one Knight for each 20 libartes.
Henry survived his brother, but his niece Margaret FitzWarin (Gerold) inherited Pishobury. She married in 1200 Baldwin de Redvers, 6th Earl of Devon.
Margaret was succeeded at Pishobury by her son, also Baldwin de Redvers, 7th Earl of Devon, on whose death without issue, his widow Countess Margaret de Savoy had livery of the Manor until her death in 1292. It then passed to Earl Baldwin's sister Isabella de Redvers, Countess of Abalina, who died the following year and was succeeded at Pishobury by her daughter Abalina de Fortibus, wife of Edmund Earl of Lancaster, second son to King Edward I of England
. Her cousin, Hugh de Courtnay, great-great grandson of William de Redvers was her heir, but Warin de Lisle claimed Pishobury in right of his son Robert de Lisl and was successful in 1310 (Henry Fitzgerald's daughter Alice was married with Robert de Lisle).
Robert de Lisle was summoned as Lord Lisle in 1311 and on his death in 1343 was succeeded by his grandson John Lord Lisle who died in 1356. Robert de Lisle was succeeded by his son William Lord Lisle who in 1393 granted Pishobury to Lord Scrope of Bolton
.
It remained in the Scopes, until 1534 when the 8th Lord Scrope
sold it King Henry VIII of England
, who annexed it to the Royal Honour of Hudson. An extend of the Manor, probably for the King at about this time, describes the park at Pishobury to be nearly two miles in circumference, well wooded and supllied with game, deer and foxes.
Pishobury was also enjoyed for a short period by Anne Boleyn
on whose execution it reverted to the Crown. Kind Edward VI of England
granted it to a gentleman of the Chamber and in 1555 it was held by Thomas Mildmay, whose son, Sir Walter Mildmay, began the present house in 1585. In 1611, Sir Thomas Mildmay passed Pishobury Manor to Lord Lionel Cranfield. Nowadays, the title is held by a German family, officially recorded in HM Land Registry. That familiy still enjoys the historic rights.
Sawbridgeworth
Sawbridgeworth is a small, mainly residential, town and also a civil parish in Hertfordshire, England.- Location :Sawbridgeworth is four miles south of Bishop's Stortford, twelve miles east of Hertford and nine miles north of Epping. It lies on the A1184 and has a railway station that links to...
, Hertfordshire
Hertfordshire
Hertfordshire is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East region of England. The county town is Hertford.The county is one of the Home Counties and lies inland, bordered by Greater London , Buckinghamshire , Bedfordshire , Cambridgeshire and...
.
History
Sawbridgeworth
Sawbridgeworth is a small, mainly residential, town and also a civil parish in Hertfordshire, England.- Location :Sawbridgeworth is four miles south of Bishop's Stortford, twelve miles east of Hertford and nine miles north of Epping. It lies on the A1184 and has a railway station that links to...
, which Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex
Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex
Geoffrey de Mandeville II, 1st Earl of Essex was one of the prominent players during the reign of King Stephen of England. His biographer, the 19th-century historian J. H...
, who died in 1144, made to Warin FitzGerold and Henry FitzGerold
Henry fitzGerold
Henry fitzGerold was a 12th-century Anglo-Norman nobleman and government official....
to hold by service of one Knight for each 20 libartes. Henry survived his brother, but his niece Margaret FitzGerold/FitzWarin inherited Pishobury. She had married in 1200 Baldwin de Redvers, 6th Earl of Devon, and in 1228 she levied a fine with William de Saye by which it was agreed that William and his heirs were to have free warren
Warren (free)
Free warren—often simply warren—refers to a type of franchise or privilege conveyed by a sovereign in mediaeval England to a subject, promising to hold them harmless for killing game of certain species within a stipulated area, usually a wood or small forest...
, a hunting right, throughout Sawbridgeworth
Sawbridgeworth
Sawbridgeworth is a small, mainly residential, town and also a civil parish in Hertfordshire, England.- Location :Sawbridgeworth is four miles south of Bishop's Stortford, twelve miles east of Hertford and nine miles north of Epping. It lies on the A1184 and has a railway station that links to...
.
The successive Lords of the manor of Pishobury had local hunting rights and their own park, too. In 1248 William de Say granted the heiress of Pishobury, Margaret FitzGerold/FitzeWarin, wife of Baldwin de Redvers, the right of free hunting on her own estate with dogs, birds or nets, and free fishing in the river where it joined her lands; in return she recognized the de Says' right to have free warren over the whole Sawbridgeworth
Sawbridgeworth
Sawbridgeworth is a small, mainly residential, town and also a civil parish in Hertfordshire, England.- Location :Sawbridgeworth is four miles south of Bishop's Stortford, twelve miles east of Hertford and nine miles north of Epping. It lies on the A1184 and has a railway station that links to...
, including Pishobury. This right still exists today.
This agreement shows how the right of other manors developed out of the original manorial powers of John, Lord Robert Lisle's son, kept 12 acres (48,562.3 m²) of underwood from the land called Vodeleye; the park of Gedelesho and Gedelesho Wood (Gilston) and its keeper are mentioned, so presumably this was the manorial park. That the estate had some boundary fence or bank marking it off from neighbouring land is suggested by a reference to a house, on the left hand side within the second gare, which contained two chambres for habitation. Some idea of the size of Pishobury estate emerges from the long lease which Richard, Lord Scrope of Bolton, granted to John Chauncy in 1400. The property then consisted of 319½ acres of arable, 58 acres (234,717.9 m²) of pasture and 36 acres (145,687 m²) of meadow - houses and an orchard. In 1534, Lord Scrope, sold the manor to Henry VIII of England
Henry VIII of England
Henry VIII was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was Lord, and later King, of Ireland, as well as continuing the nominal claim by the English monarchs to the Kingdom of France...
who granted it to Anne Boleyn; an extend made at this time once again describes the estate. The perimeter of the park was nearly two miles; it was well wooded with game, deer and rabbits, and there was a lodge on one side for the keeper: could this have been the house within the second gate of 1343? There was a moated house within the park with stabling for twenty horses. The house was described as "somewhat fallen into decay"; it was replaced in 1585 by a new house built by Sir Walter Mildmay
Walter Mildmay
Sir Walter Mildmay was an English statesman who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer of England under Queen Elizabeth I, and was founder of Emmanuel College, Cambridge.-Early life:...
. Chauncy described it as a "very neat and fair Pile of building for the Manor-house, upon a rising Ground in the Vale near the River Stort, lately converted into a Paddock for Deer, adorned in the Front thereof with a fair Bowling Green, raised about five Foot high, enclosed with a Brick Wall top with stone, and balls upon it, and two fair walks planted with trees; each walk extending about four Furlongs in length from the house to the road; where it is observable that there is no dust in summer, nor no dirt winter, a clear description of the setting of an Elizabethan house in its ground. The house was remodelled or rebuilt for Jeremiah Milles by James Wyatt
James Wyatt
James Wyatt RA , was an English architect, a rival of Robert Adam in the neoclassical style, who far outdid Adam in his work in the neo-Gothic style.-Early classical career:...
in 1782–84, the house as it was illustrated in Neale's Views of Seats 1st ser. iv (1821, illustration, right).
Lords of Pishobury Manor
Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of EssexGeoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex
Geoffrey de Mandeville II, 1st Earl of Essex was one of the prominent players during the reign of King Stephen of England. His biographer, the 19th-century historian J. H...
, who died in 1144, made the sub-manor of Pishobury originated in a grant of 74 libartes of land within the main Manor of Sawbridgeworth to Warin FitzGerold and Henry FitzGerold, to hold by service of one Knight for each 20 libartes.
Henry survived his brother, but his niece Margaret FitzWarin (Gerold) inherited Pishobury. She married in 1200 Baldwin de Redvers, 6th Earl of Devon.
Margaret was succeeded at Pishobury by her son, also Baldwin de Redvers, 7th Earl of Devon, on whose death without issue, his widow Countess Margaret de Savoy had livery of the Manor until her death in 1292. It then passed to Earl Baldwin's sister Isabella de Redvers, Countess of Abalina, who died the following year and was succeeded at Pishobury by her daughter Abalina de Fortibus, wife of Edmund Earl of Lancaster, second son to King Edward I of England
Edward I of England
Edward I , also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots, was King of England from 1272 to 1307. The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved early in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English barons...
. Her cousin, Hugh de Courtnay, great-great grandson of William de Redvers was her heir, but Warin de Lisle claimed Pishobury in right of his son Robert de Lisl and was successful in 1310 (Henry Fitzgerald's daughter Alice was married with Robert de Lisle).
Robert de Lisle was summoned as Lord Lisle in 1311 and on his death in 1343 was succeeded by his grandson John Lord Lisle who died in 1356. Robert de Lisle was succeeded by his son William Lord Lisle who in 1393 granted Pishobury to Lord Scrope of Bolton
Richard Scrope, 1st Baron Scrope of Bolton
Richard le Scrope, 1st Baron Scrope of Bolton was an English soldier and courtier, serving Richard II of England. He also fought under the Black Prince at the Battle of Crecy in 1346....
.
It remained in the Scopes, until 1534 when the 8th Lord Scrope
John Scrope, 8th Baron Scrope of Bolton
John le Scrope, 8th Baron Scrope of Bolton was the son of Henry le Scrope, 7th Baron Scrope of Bolton and Mabel Dacre....
sold it King Henry VIII of England
Henry VIII of England
Henry VIII was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was Lord, and later King, of Ireland, as well as continuing the nominal claim by the English monarchs to the Kingdom of France...
, who annexed it to the Royal Honour of Hudson. An extend of the Manor, probably for the King at about this time, describes the park at Pishobury to be nearly two miles in circumference, well wooded and supllied with game, deer and foxes.
Pishobury was also enjoyed for a short period by Anne Boleyn
Anne Boleyn
Anne Boleyn ;c.1501/1507 – 19 May 1536) was Queen of England from 1533 to 1536 as the second wife of Henry VIII of England and Marquess of Pembroke in her own right. Henry's marriage to Anne, and her subsequent execution, made her a key figure in the political and religious upheaval that was the...
on whose execution it reverted to the Crown. Kind Edward VI of England
Edward VI of England
Edward VI was the King of England and Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death. He was crowned on 20 February at the age of nine. The son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, Edward was the third monarch of the Tudor dynasty and England's first monarch who was raised as a Protestant...
granted it to a gentleman of the Chamber and in 1555 it was held by Thomas Mildmay, whose son, Sir Walter Mildmay, began the present house in 1585. In 1611, Sir Thomas Mildmay passed Pishobury Manor to Lord Lionel Cranfield. Nowadays, the title is held by a German family, officially recorded in HM Land Registry. That familiy still enjoys the historic rights.