The thorny-headed worm family

Family (biology)

In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...

 Polymorphidae contains endoparasites which as adults feed mainly in fish

Fish

Fish are a paraphyletic group of organisms that consist of all gill-bearing aquatic vertebrate animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish, as well as various extinct related groups...

 and aquatic bird

Bird

Birds are feathered, winged, bipedal, endothermic , egg-laying, vertebrate animals. Around 10,000 living species and 188 families makes them the most speciose class of tetrapod vertebrates. They inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Extant birds range in size from...

s. When this taxon

Taxon

|thumb|270px|[[African elephants]] form a widely-accepted taxon, the [[genus]] LoxodontaA taxon is a group of organisms, which a taxonomist adjudges to be a unit. Usually a taxon is given a name and a rank, although neither is a requirement...

 was erected by Meyer in 1931, a subfamily Polymorphidae was established in it. As the Polymorphidae as presently understood would then be monotypic

Monotypic

In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group with only one biological type. The term's usage differs slightly between botany and zoology. The term monotypic has a separate use in conservation biology, monotypic habitat, regarding species habitat conversion eliminating biodiversity and...

, with no basal genera

Genera

Genera is a commercial operating system and development environment for Lisp machines developed by Symbolics. It is essentially a fork of an earlier operating system originating on the MIT AI Lab's Lisp machines which Symbolics had used in common with LMI and Texas Instruments...

 outside the Polymorphinae, the proposed subfamily is redundant for the time being and therefore most modern treatments simply omit it.

Polymorphus minutus is an economically significant parasite in goose and duck farming.

Andracantha

Contains the following species:

• Andracantha gravida (Alegret, 1941)
• Andracantha mergi (Lundstroem, 1941)
• Andracantha phalacrocoracis (Yamaguti, 1939)

Arhythmorhynchus

Contains the following species:

• Arhythmorhynchus brevis Van Cleave, 1916
• Arhythmorhynchus capellae (Yamaguti, 1935)
• Arhythmorhynchus comptus Van Cleave and Rausch, 1950
• Arhythmorhynchus distinctus Baer, 1956
• Arhythmorhynchus eroliae (Yamaguti, 1939)
• Arhythmorhynchus frassoni (Molin, 1858)
• Arhythmorhynchus frontospinosus (Tubangui, 1935)
• Arhythmorhynchus jeffreyi Schmidt, 1973
• Arhythmorhynchus johnstoni Golvan, 1960
• Arhythmorhynchus limosae Edmonds, 1971
• Arhythmorhynchus longicollis (Villot, 1875)
• Arhythmorhynchus petrochenkoi (Schmidt, 1969)
• Arhythmorhynchus plicatus (Linstow, 1883)
• Arhythmorhynchus pumiliorostris Van Cleave, 1916
• Arhythmorhynchus siluricola Dollfus, 1929
• Arhythmorhynchus teres Van Cleave, 1920
• Arhythmorhynchus tigrinus Moghe and Das, 1953
• Arhythmorhynchus trichocephalus (Leuckart, 1876)
• Arhythmorhynchus tringi Gubanov, 1952
• Arhythmorhynchus uncinatus (Kaiser, 1893)
• Arhythmorhynchus xeni Atrashkevich, 1978

Bolbosoma

Contains the following species:

• Bolbosoma balaenae (Gmelin, 1790)
• Bolbosoma bobrovoi Krotov and Delamure, 1952
• Bolbosoma brevicolle (Malm, 1867)
• Bolbosoma caenoforme (Heitz, 1920)
• Bolbosoma capitatum (Linstow, 1880)
• Bolbosoma hamiltoni Baylis, 1929
• Bolbosoma heteracanthis (Heitz, 1917)
• Bolbosoma nipponicum Yamaguti, 1939
• Bolbosoma physeteris Gubanov, 1952
• Bolbosoma scomberomori Wang, 1980
• Bolbosoma thunni Harada, 1935
• Bolbosoma tuberculata Skrjabin, 1970
• Bolbosoma turbinella (Diesing, 1851)
• Bolbosoma vasculosum (Rudolphi, 1819)

Corynosoma

Contains the following species:

• Corynosoma alaskensis Golvan, 1958
• Corynosoma anatarium Van Cleave, 1945
• Corynosoma australe Johnston, 1937
• Corynosoma bullosum (Linstow, 1892)
• Corynosoma cameroni Van Cleave, 1953
• Corynosoma capsicum Golvan and Mokhayer, 1973
• Corynosoma clavatum Goss, 1941
• Corynosoma clementi Giovannoni and Fernandes, 1965
• Corynosoma constrictum Van Cleave, 1918
• Corynosoma curiliensis Gubanov, 1942
• Corynosoma enhydri Morozov, 1940
• Corynosoma enrietti Molfie and Fretas, 1953
• Corynosoma falcatum Van Cleave, 1953
• Corynosoma hadweni Van Cleave, 1953
• Corynosoma hamanni (Linstow, 1892)
• Corynosoma kurilensis Gubanov, 1952
• Corynosoma longilemniscatus Machado, 1961
• Corynosoma macrosomum Neiland, 1962
• Corynosoma magdaleni Montreuil, 1958
• Corynosoma mandarinca Oschmarin, 1963
• Corynosoma mirabilis Skrjabin, 1966
• Corynosoma obtuscens Lincicome, 1943
• Corynosoma otariae Morini and Boero, 1961
• Corynosoma pacifica Nikolskii, 1974
• Corynosoma peposacae (Porta, 1914)
• Corynosoma pyriforme (Bremser, 1824)
• Corynosoma rauschi Golvan, 1958
• Corynosoma reductum (Linstow, 1905)
• Corynosoma semerme (Forssell, 1904)
• Corynosoma septentrionalis Treshchev, 1966
• Corynosoma seropedicus Machado, 1970
• Corynosoma shackletoni Zdzitowiecki, 1978
• Corynosoma similis Neiland, 1962
• Corynosoma singularis Skrjabin and Nilolskii, 1971
• Corynosoma strumosum (Rudolphi, 1802)
• Corynosoma sudsuche Belopolskaia, 1958
• Corynosoma tunitae Weiss, 1914
• Corynosoma turbidum Van Cleave, 1937
• Corynosoma validum Van Cleave, 1953
• Corynosoma ventronudum Skrjabin, 1959
• Corynosoma villosum Van Cleave, 1953
• Corynosoma wegeneri Heinze, 1934

Diplospinifer

Contains the following species:

• Diplospinifer serpenticola Fukui, 1929

Filicollis

Contains the following species:

• Filicollis anatis (Schrank, 1788)
• Filicollis trophimenkoi Atrashkevich, 1982

Hexaglandula

Contains the following species:

• Hexaglandula ariusus Bilgees, 1971
• Hexaglandula corynosoma (Travassos, 1915)
• Hexaglandula inermis (Travassos, 1923)
• Hexaglandula karachiensis Bilgees, 1971
• Hexaglandula mutabilis (Rudolphi, 1819)
• Hexaglandula paucihamatus (Heinze, 1936)

Polymorphus

Contains the following species:

• Polymorphus actuganensis Petrochenko, 1949
• Polymorphus acutis Van Cleave and Starrett, 1940
• Polymorphus biziurae Johnston and Edmonds, 1948
• Polymorphus cetaceum (Johnston and Best, 1942)
• Polymorphus cincli Belopolskaya, 1959
• Polymorphus contortus (Bremser, 1821)
• Polymorphus corynoides Skrjabin, 1913
• Polymorphus crassus Van Cleave, 1924
• Polymorphus cucullatus Van Cleave and Starrett, 1940
• Polymorphus diploinflatus Lundström, 1942
• Polymorphus gavii Hokhlova, 1965
• Polymorphus kostylewi Petrochenko, 1949
• Polymorphus magnus Skrjabin, 1913
• Polymorphus marchii (Porta, 1910)
• Polymorphus marilis Van Cleave, 1939
• Polymorphus mathevossianae Petrochenko, 1949
• Polymorphus meyeri Lundström, 1942
• Polymorphus miniatus (Linstow, 1896)
• Polymorphus obtusus Van Cleave, 1918
• Polymorphus paradoxus Connell and Corner, 1957
• Polymorphus phippsi Kostylev, 1922
• Polymorphus striatus (Goeze, 1782)
• Polymorphus strumosoides Lundström, 1942
• Polymorphus swartzi Schmidt, 1965
• Polymorphus trochus Van Cleave, 1945

Profilicollis

Contains the following species:

• Profilicollis altmani (Perry, 1942)
• Profilicollis arcticus (Van Cleave, 1920)
• Profilicollis antarcticus (Zdzitowiecki, 1985)
• Profilicollis botulus (Van Cleave, 1916)
• Profilicollis bullocki (Mateo, 1982)
• Profilicollis chasmagnathi (Holcman-Spector, Mane-Garzon and Dei-Cas, 1977)
• Profilicollis formosus (Schmidt and Kuntz, 1967)
• Profilicollis kenti (Van Cleave, 1947)
• Profilicollis major (Lundström, 1942)
• Profilicollis minutus (Goeze, 1782)
• Profilicollis novaezelandensis (Brockerhoff, 2002)
• Profilicollis sphaerocephalus (Bremser, 1819)
• Profilicollis texensis (Webster, 1948)

Southwellina

Contains the following species:

• Southwellina dimorpha Schmidt, 1973
• Southwellina hispida (Van Cleave, 1925)
• Southwellina macracanthus (Ward and Winter, 1952)

External links

• Polymorphidae taxon list