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Popular Socialist Party (Mexico)
Encyclopedia
Communist party
A political party described as a Communist party includes those that advocate the application of the social principles of communism through a communist form of government...
in Mexico
Mexico
The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
. It was founded in 1948 as the Popular Party (Partido Popular) by Vicente Lombardo Toledano
Vicente Lombardo Toledano
Vicente Lombardo Toledano was one of the foremost Mexican labor leaders of the 20th century. He founded the Confederation of Mexican Workers , the national labor federation most closely associated with the ruling party, the Institutional Revolutionary Party , for most of the last sixty-five years...
.
Lombardo Toledano, the initial leader of the Confederation of Mexican Workers (CTM), decided to launch a new party in response to the increasingly moderate and corrupt policies of the ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party
Institutional Revolutionary Party
The Institutional Revolutionary Party is a Mexican political party that held power in the country—under a succession of names—for more than 70 years. The PRI is a member of the Socialist International, as is the rival Party of the Democratic Revolution , making Mexico one of the few...
(PRI). The Popular Party was supported by the mine, oil and rail workers' unions, but its potential strength in elections was reduced by the strength of the PRI.
The party adopted Marxism-Leninism
Marxism-Leninism
Marxism–Leninism is a communist ideology, officially based upon the theories of Marxism and Vladimir Lenin, that promotes the development and creation of a international communist society through the leadership of a vanguard party over a revolutionary socialist state that represents a dictatorship...
as its ideological line in 1960.
It was renamed the Popular Socialist Party in 1960, and over time its leadership became less critical of the PRI. In subsequent years it was often criticized as being a "loyal opposition," or part of the status quo. This led to a split by the PPS's left wing in the 1970s that formed the Party of the Mexican People (PPM), which merged with the Mexican Communist Party
Mexican Communist Party
The Mexican Communist Party was a communist party in Mexico. It was founded in 1911 as the Socialist Workers' Party by Manabendra Nath Roy, a left-wing Indian intellectual. The PSO changed its name to the Mexican Communist Party in November 1919 following the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia...
to form the Unified Socialist Party of Mexico
Unified Socialist Party of Mexico
The Unified Socialist Party of Mexico was a far-left political party in Mexico. It later became the Mexican Socialist Party in 1988...
(PSUM).
In 1997, a second party with nearly the same name (Popular Socialist Party of Mexico
Popular Socialist Party of Mexico
Popular Socialist Party of Mexico is a Communist Party in Mexico, formed in 1997 after a split from the Popular Socialist Party .Cuauhtémoc Amezcua Dromundo is the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the party, Juan Campos Vega is the Second Secretary...
, or PPSM) split off from the older PPS. This splinter group claims to be the true descendant of Lombardo Toledano's party.
The PPS's traditional political space (i.e. to the left of the PRI) has largely been captured by the Party of the Democratic Revolution
Party of the Democratic Revolution
The Party of the Democratic Revolution is a democratic socialist party in Mexico and one of 2 Mexican affiliates of the Socialist International...
(PRD) since 1989. The PPS lost its registry as a national political party in 1997, though it is currently registered as a national political association
National political association
In the context of Mexican politics, a national political association is a citizens' association intended to assist in the development of democratic life and the country's political culture, as well as being intended to create a better informed public opinion...
under the name Popular Socialista.
PPS presidents
- (1948 - 1968): Vicente Lombardo ToledanoVicente Lombardo ToledanoVicente Lombardo Toledano was one of the foremost Mexican labor leaders of the 20th century. He founded the Confederation of Mexican Workers , the national labor federation most closely associated with the ruling party, the Institutional Revolutionary Party , for most of the last sixty-five years...
- (1968 - 1989): Jorge Cruickshank GarcíaJorge Cruickshank GarcíaJorge Cruickshank García was a Mexican politician. He was the general secretary of the Popular Socialist Party and a five-time parliamentarian.-Early life and activism:...
- (1989 - 1997): Indalecio Sáyago Herrera
- (1997): Manuel Fernández Flores
PPS candidates
- (1952): Vicente Lombardo ToledanoVicente Lombardo ToledanoVicente Lombardo Toledano was one of the foremost Mexican labor leaders of the 20th century. He founded the Confederation of Mexican Workers , the national labor federation most closely associated with the ruling party, the Institutional Revolutionary Party , for most of the last sixty-five years...
- (1958): Adolfo López MateosAdolfo López MateosAdolfo López Mateos was a Mexican politician affiliated to the Institutional Revolutionary Party who served as President of Mexico from 1958 to 1964...
(allied with PRI and PARM) - (1964): Gustavo Díaz OrdazGustavo Díaz OrdazGustavo Díaz Ordaz Bolaños served as the President of Mexico from 1964 to 1970.- Political career :Díaz Ordaz was born in San Andrés Chalchícomula . His father, Ramón Díaz Ordaz Redonet, worked as an accountant, while his mother, Sabina Bolaños Cacho de Díaz Ordaz, worked as a school teacher...
(allied with PRI and PARM) - (1970): Luis Echeverría Álvarez (allied with PRI and PARM)
- (1976): José López PortilloJosé López PortilloJosé López Portillo y Pacheco was the President of Mexico from 1976 to 1982.Born in Mexico City, López Portillo studied Law at the National Autonomous University of Mexico before beginning his political career with the Institutional Revolutionary Party in 1959.He held several positions in the...
(allied with PRI and PARM) - (1982): Miguel de la MadridMiguel de la MadridMiguel de la Madrid Hurtado is a Mexican politician affiliated to the Institutional Revolutionary Party who served as President of Mexico from 1982 to 1988.-Biography:...
(allied with PRI and PARM) - (1988): Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas Solórzano (allied with PARM, PFCRN and PMS to form National Democratic FrontNational Democratic Front (Mexico)The National Democratic Front was a coalition of left-wing Mexican political parties created in 1988 presidential elections, and that is the immediate antecedent of the Party of the Democratic Revolution. It was result of an agglutination of small political left and center-left forces with a...
) - (1994): Marcela Lombardo OteroMarcela Lombardo OteroMarcela Lombardo Otero is a Mexican politician, daughter of the leftist Vicente Lombardo Toledano, founder of the Popular Socialist Party. She was a deputy during the L and LIV Legislatures, from 1976 to 1979 and 1988 to 1991...