Pouzdřany
Encyclopedia
Pouzdřany is a township in the South Moravian Region
(Jihomoravsky kraj) in the Czech Republic
. It is situated 13 km in the west of Hustopeče
and belongs to the Okres Břeclav.
in the valley of Thaya-Schwarza. To the south there are the Thaya
water reservoirs of Nové Mlýny. Neighbouring towns are Vranovice and Uherčice
to the north, Starovice
and Popice
to the east, Strachotín
to the south-east, Pasohlávky
to the south-west, Ivaň
to the west and Přibice
to the north-west.
until during the Thirty years war all non-Catholics were expelled from the town. During the following wars against the Turks Pausram was totally burnt down and looted in 1663. In the years of 1832, 1848 and 1866 the cholera
raged in three waves and caused a total of 218 victims in the town. In 1869 a railway station was built in Pausram for the railway line that had existed since 1839. In the years 1928/29 a school for the Czech minority was built. During the time between 1932 and 1935 there was big unemployment, which was provisionally overcome by emergency work like paving roads or planting trees. Parish registers have existed since 1630 and land registration since 1687.
The oldest seal originates from 1581, when the town was given market status. A big recessed renaissance shield shows two oak branches with a leaf and an acorn on each of it. In World War I 35 men of the town fell.
After World War I the multi-ethnic state Austria-Hungary
was split up. By the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Pausram became part of the new Czechoslovakian Republic. Following the Munich Agreement
German troops marched into the town in October 1938. From that time onward the town belonged to the Gau Niederdonau until 1945. During the war 68 inhabitants fell or remained missing. On April 16, 1945, Soviet troops invaded Pausram; four days later on April 20 , 1945 Czech squatters were brought into town. The remaining German men were detained and the women and children were taken inland for compulsory labour. In this time there were four civilian victims. After the end of World War II
the town fell back to Czechoslovakia
. As a result of the Beneš decrees
the expropriation without any compensation and the expulsion of the remaining people to Germany
was carried out. The town was recolonized because there were only 28 inhabitants left. In 1996 the expelled persons of Pausram repaired the damaged roof of the church and renovated the chapel of St. Rosalia and the War Memorial.
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South Moravian Region
South Moravian Region is an administrative unit of the Czech Republic, located in the south-western part of its historical region of Moravia, with exception of Jobova Lhota, that belongs to Bohemia. Its capital is Brno the 2nd largest city of the Czech Republic. The region is famous for its wine...
(Jihomoravsky kraj) in the Czech Republic
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
. It is situated 13 km in the west of Hustopeče
Hustopece
Hustopeče is a town in southern Moravia of the Czech Republic with 5,956 inhabitants. Hustopeče lies in the Břeclav District and is 25 km northwest of Břeclav.-History:...
and belongs to the Okres Břeclav.
Geography
Pouzdřany lies on the left bank of the river SvratkaSvratka
Svratka is a name of several locations in the Czech Republic:* Svratka, a river in the South Moravian Region* Svratka, a town in Vysočina Region...
in the valley of Thaya-Schwarza. To the south there are the Thaya
Thaya
The Thaya is a river in Central Europe, tributary to the Morava River. It is about 235 km long and meanders from west to east in the border area between Lower Austria and South Moravia , but does not exactly follow the border in most parts...
water reservoirs of Nové Mlýny. Neighbouring towns are Vranovice and Uherčice
Úhercice
Úherčice is a tiny village in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. The population is about 100.The village was first mentioned in a written document dated from 1392 under the name of Úhřec.-External links:*...
to the north, Starovice
Starovice
Starovice is a village and municipality in Břeclav District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic.The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 818 ....
and Popice
Popice
Popice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Leśnica, within Strzelce County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately east of Leśnica, south of Strzelce Opolskie, and south-east of the regional capital Opole....
to the east, Strachotín
Strachotín
Strachotín is a village and municipality in Břeclav District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic.The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 788 ....
to the south-east, Pasohlávky
Pasohlávky
Pasohlávky is a village in South Moravian Region, Czech Republic. It is located 13 km northwest of Mikulov at around and has a population of 726. Pasohlávky is a popular summer resort on northern shore of Nové Mlýny I reservoir...
to the south-west, Ivaň
Ivan
-Meteorology:* Tropical Storm Ivan - a number of tropical storms - Places:* Ivan Mountain in Bosnia and Herzegovina* Iván, a village in Hungary* Ivaň, name common to two villages in Czech Republic...
to the west and Přibice
Přibice
Přibice is a village and municipality in Brno-Country District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic.The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 1,007 ....
to the north-west.
History
Pausram was first mentioned in 1244. Because of the lack of an heir, the town fell back to the emperor in 1556. He allowed four farmer’s markets to be held and the demand of the payment of tolls. In 1593 Pausram received a regulation for the vineyards. In the middle of the 16th century the Anabaptists settled in the town. So the parish became ProtestantProtestantism
Protestantism is one of the three major groupings within Christianity. It is a movement that began in Germany in the early 16th century as a reaction against medieval Roman Catholic doctrines and practices, especially in regards to salvation, justification, and ecclesiology.The doctrines of the...
until during the Thirty years war all non-Catholics were expelled from the town. During the following wars against the Turks Pausram was totally burnt down and looted in 1663. In the years of 1832, 1848 and 1866 the cholera
Cholera
Cholera is an infection of the small intestine that is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The main symptoms are profuse watery diarrhea and vomiting. Transmission occurs primarily by drinking or eating water or food that has been contaminated by the diarrhea of an infected person or the feces...
raged in three waves and caused a total of 218 victims in the town. In 1869 a railway station was built in Pausram for the railway line that had existed since 1839. In the years 1928/29 a school for the Czech minority was built. During the time between 1932 and 1935 there was big unemployment, which was provisionally overcome by emergency work like paving roads or planting trees. Parish registers have existed since 1630 and land registration since 1687.
The oldest seal originates from 1581, when the town was given market status. A big recessed renaissance shield shows two oak branches with a leaf and an acorn on each of it. In World War I 35 men of the town fell.
After World War I the multi-ethnic state Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...
was split up. By the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Treaty of Saint-Germain
The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, was signed on 10 September 1919 by the victorious Allies of World War I on the one hand and by the new Republic of Austria on the other...
Pausram became part of the new Czechoslovakian Republic. Following the Munich Agreement
Munich Agreement
The Munich Pact was an agreement permitting the Nazi German annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland. The Sudetenland were areas along Czech borders, mainly inhabited by ethnic Germans. The agreement was negotiated at a conference held in Munich, Germany, among the major powers of Europe without...
German troops marched into the town in October 1938. From that time onward the town belonged to the Gau Niederdonau until 1945. During the war 68 inhabitants fell or remained missing. On April 16, 1945, Soviet troops invaded Pausram; four days later on April 20 , 1945 Czech squatters were brought into town. The remaining German men were detained and the women and children were taken inland for compulsory labour. In this time there were four civilian victims. After the end of World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
the town fell back to Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...
. As a result of the Beneš decrees
Beneš decrees
Decrees of the President of the Republic , more commonly known as the Beneš decrees, were a series of laws that were drafted by the Czechoslovak Government-in-Exile in the absence of the Czechoslovak parliament during the German occupation of Czechoslovakia in World War II and issued by President...
the expropriation without any compensation and the expulsion of the remaining people to Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
was carried out. The town was recolonized because there were only 28 inhabitants left. In 1996 the expelled persons of Pausram repaired the damaged roof of the church and renovated the chapel of St. Rosalia and the War Memorial.
Population development
| Census year | Population | Ethnicity of inhabitants | ||
| year | German | Czechs | other |
||||
| 1793 | 820 | - | - | - |
||||
| 1836 | 1029 | - | - | - |
||||
| 1869 | 1235 | - | - | - |
||||
| 1880 | 1236 | 1229 | 2 | 5 |
||||
| 1890 | 1296 | 1149 | 140 | 7 |
||||
| 1900 | 1218 | 1182 | 28 | 8 |
||||
| 1910 | 1213 | 1173 | 33 | 7 |
||||
| 1921 | 1143 | 903 | 226 | 14 |
||||
| 1930 | 1184 | 863 | 303 | 18 |
||||