Precision Monolithics
Encyclopedia
Precision Monolithics, Inc. also known in the electronics industry (and popularly) as PMI, was an American
company based in Santa Clara
, California
, USA
that developed and produced mixed signal and linear semiconductor
s, and is especially noteworthy as the first company to make two-chip and single chip D/A converters.
The company was founded in 1969 by Marv Rudin and co-founder Garth Wilson. (Both left Fairchild Semiconductor
at the end of 1968. Wilson was circuit design manager under Rudin who managed Linear circuit R&D at the Fairchild Semiconductor R&D Laboratory in Palo Alto from 1966 to 1968. At the beginning, Wilson was Vice President responsible for Engineering and Production, and reported to Rudin who was President, and Marketing Manager. Jim Grugan from Fairchild joined shortly after incorporation as Vice President Administration, responsible for Finance, Facilities, and Purchasing.
Immediately after financing and incorporation, they offered founder stock and hired IC designers George Erdi from Fairchild ,and Dan Dooley from TRW Microelectronics shortly thereafter. And they hired a chief process engineer, Jerry Bresee, from Techtronix, who developed a semiconductor process far superior to what they were able to access from the Fairchild R&D processing services department, with the exception of nitride passivation for low 1/f noise which was technology known by the founders from Fairchild. Dooley recruited his thin film technician with a precision resistor fabrication skill that was essential for producing the biggest selling type of product that helped launch the company - micro D/A converters. Semiconductor and materials engineer Wadie Khadder was hired with founder stock from Fairchild to support Bresee in both semiconductor process engineering and also the critical precision thin film technology initially needed for producing high accuracy 2-chip D/A converters.
PMI pioneered in designing and manufacturing the first 10 bit semiconductor IC D/A converters on the market. In March 1970, during the IEEE Annual Convention in New York, PMI caused a major stir in engineering circles by introducing the aimDac100, the first 10bit 2-chip D/A converter in a DIP semiconductor package. Not only was it far more compact and reliable than the modules that were state of the art at that time, but it provided 10 bit accuracy over the full military temperature range. The first monolithic (1-chip) converter, the MonoDac01, was developed and marketed by PMI in 1971. It was used by JPL (priced $200 each!) for their first moon probe, By 1972 Dan Dooley, who had designed the 6-bit Dac-01 using diffused resistors, and Jerry Bresee, PMI's chief process engineer who developed process uniformity never before seen in the semiconductor industry, combined to design and produce a full 10 bit D/A converter on a single chip, the monoDac02. At that point PMI's linear process uniformity and products capitalizing on that uniformity put PMI in a class by itself. It would be several years before any other company could match the Dac-02.
Bresee's superior processes, and George Erdi's outstanding design expertise enabled PMI to establish itself as a superior source of linear amplifiers, including operational amplifiers
(including the famous OP07), some of which garnered U.S. patent
s. By superior layout and circuit design made possible by Bresee's and Khadders superior process uniformity, transistor performance, and surface passivation, Erdi was able to design and achieve breakthrough advances in micro power amplifiers with both low input offset and 1/f noise voltage rivaling many chopper amplifiers formerly used exclusively for micro volt input amplifiers. They and other PMI engineers later expanded their efforts to include high-precision voltage references and additional mixed-signal semiconductors for data acquisition, data conversion, and telecommunications.
PMI also bought Solid State Micro Technology. Erdi and Khadder left PMI in 1981 to co-found Linear Technology
. PMI was founded with financing from Bourns, Inc.
which held 70% of the shares and 30% was stock purchased at a nominal price by the founders. Ultimately all shares were purchased by Bourns to make PMI a wholly owned subsidiary, PMI was finally bought by Analog Devices
in August 1990.
Many of PMI's converters, amplifiers, voltage references, and other linear ICs (including the REF0x and OP0x series) continue to be manufactured and marketed by Analog Devices, and currently maintain the largest share of the precision linear market (ADI sales = $2.5 $Billion, Maxim = 2.1 $Billion, Linear Technology sales = 1.1 $Billion).
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
company based in Santa Clara
Santa Clara, California
Santa Clara , founded in 1777 and incorporated in 1852, is a city in Santa Clara County, in the U.S. state of California. The city is the site of the eighth of 21 California missions, Mission Santa Clara de Asís, and was named after the mission. The Mission and Mission Gardens are located on the...
, California
California
California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...
, USA
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
that developed and produced mixed signal and linear semiconductor
Semiconductor
A semiconductor is a material with electrical conductivity due to electron flow intermediate in magnitude between that of a conductor and an insulator. This means a conductivity roughly in the range of 103 to 10−8 siemens per centimeter...
s, and is especially noteworthy as the first company to make two-chip and single chip D/A converters.
The company was founded in 1969 by Marv Rudin and co-founder Garth Wilson. (Both left Fairchild Semiconductor
Fairchild Semiconductor
Fairchild Semiconductor International, Inc. is an American semiconductor company based in San Jose, California. Founded in 1957, it was a pioneer in transistor and integrated circuit manufacturing...
at the end of 1968. Wilson was circuit design manager under Rudin who managed Linear circuit R&D at the Fairchild Semiconductor R&D Laboratory in Palo Alto from 1966 to 1968. At the beginning, Wilson was Vice President responsible for Engineering and Production, and reported to Rudin who was President, and Marketing Manager. Jim Grugan from Fairchild joined shortly after incorporation as Vice President Administration, responsible for Finance, Facilities, and Purchasing.
Immediately after financing and incorporation, they offered founder stock and hired IC designers George Erdi from Fairchild ,and Dan Dooley from TRW Microelectronics shortly thereafter. And they hired a chief process engineer, Jerry Bresee, from Techtronix, who developed a semiconductor process far superior to what they were able to access from the Fairchild R&D processing services department, with the exception of nitride passivation for low 1/f noise which was technology known by the founders from Fairchild. Dooley recruited his thin film technician with a precision resistor fabrication skill that was essential for producing the biggest selling type of product that helped launch the company - micro D/A converters. Semiconductor and materials engineer Wadie Khadder was hired with founder stock from Fairchild to support Bresee in both semiconductor process engineering and also the critical precision thin film technology initially needed for producing high accuracy 2-chip D/A converters.
PMI pioneered in designing and manufacturing the first 10 bit semiconductor IC D/A converters on the market. In March 1970, during the IEEE Annual Convention in New York, PMI caused a major stir in engineering circles by introducing the aimDac100, the first 10bit 2-chip D/A converter in a DIP semiconductor package. Not only was it far more compact and reliable than the modules that were state of the art at that time, but it provided 10 bit accuracy over the full military temperature range. The first monolithic (1-chip) converter, the MonoDac01, was developed and marketed by PMI in 1971. It was used by JPL (priced $200 each!) for their first moon probe, By 1972 Dan Dooley, who had designed the 6-bit Dac-01 using diffused resistors, and Jerry Bresee, PMI's chief process engineer who developed process uniformity never before seen in the semiconductor industry, combined to design and produce a full 10 bit D/A converter on a single chip, the monoDac02. At that point PMI's linear process uniformity and products capitalizing on that uniformity put PMI in a class by itself. It would be several years before any other company could match the Dac-02.
Bresee's superior processes, and George Erdi's outstanding design expertise enabled PMI to establish itself as a superior source of linear amplifiers, including operational amplifiers
Operational amplifier
An operational amplifier is a DC-coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input and, usually, a single-ended output...
(including the famous OP07), some of which garnered U.S. patent
Patent
A patent is a form of intellectual property. It consists of a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state to an inventor or their assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for the public disclosure of an invention....
s. By superior layout and circuit design made possible by Bresee's and Khadders superior process uniformity, transistor performance, and surface passivation, Erdi was able to design and achieve breakthrough advances in micro power amplifiers with both low input offset and 1/f noise voltage rivaling many chopper amplifiers formerly used exclusively for micro volt input amplifiers. They and other PMI engineers later expanded their efforts to include high-precision voltage references and additional mixed-signal semiconductors for data acquisition, data conversion, and telecommunications.
PMI also bought Solid State Micro Technology. Erdi and Khadder left PMI in 1981 to co-found Linear Technology
Linear Technology
Linear Technology Corporation designs, manufactures and markets a broad line of standard high performance analog integrated circuits. Applications for the company's products include telecommunications, cellular telephones, networking products, notebook and desktop computers, video/multimedia,...
. PMI was founded with financing from Bourns, Inc.
Bourns, Inc.
Bourns, Inc. is a private, global electronics corporation that develops, manufactures and supplies a wide range of electronic components for a variety of industries including automotive, industrial, instrumentation, medical electronics, consumer equipment, computers and peripherals,...
which held 70% of the shares and 30% was stock purchased at a nominal price by the founders. Ultimately all shares were purchased by Bourns to make PMI a wholly owned subsidiary, PMI was finally bought by Analog Devices
Analog Devices
Analog Devices, Inc. , known as ADI, is an American multinational semiconductor company specializing in data conversion and signal conditioning technology, headquartered in Norwood, Massachusetts...
in August 1990.
Many of PMI's converters, amplifiers, voltage references, and other linear ICs (including the REF0x and OP0x series) continue to be manufactured and marketed by Analog Devices, and currently maintain the largest share of the precision linear market (ADI sales = $2.5 $Billion, Maxim = 2.1 $Billion, Linear Technology sales = 1.1 $Billion).