Prime Minister of Yugoslavia
Encyclopedia
The Prime Minister or the President of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia was the head of government
of the Yugoslav
state, from the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918 until the end of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
in 1992.
The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was created by the unification of the Kingdom of Serbia
and the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
on 1 December 1918. It was renamed Kingdom of Yugoslavia on 3 October 1929. Yugoslavia was defeated and occupied after the German invasion
on 17 April 1941. The monarchy was formally abolished on 29 November 1945. In 1945 there were ten living former prime ministers. Out of these, Nikola Uzunović, Dušan Simović, Miloš Trifunović and Ivan Šubašić lived in the Democratic Federal Republic of Yugoslavia while Petar Živković, Bogoljub Jevtić, Milan Stojadinović, Dragiša Cvetković, Slobodan Jovanović and Božidar Purić remained in exile.
) in 1942. On 29 November 1943 the AVNOJ proclaimed the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia, and appointed the National Committee for the Liberation of Yugoslavia (NKOJ
), led by Prime Minister Josip Broz Tito
, as its government. Josip Broz Tito was quickly recognized by the Allies at the Tehran Conference
, and the royalist government-in-exile in London was pressured into agreeing on a merge with the NKOJ. In order to facilitate this, Ivan Šubašić
was appointed by the King to head the London government.
For a period, Yugoslavia had two recognized prime ministers and governments (which both agreed to formally merge as soon as possible): Josip Broz Tito leading the NKOJ in occupied Yugoslavia, and Ivan Šubašić leading the King's government-in-exile in London. With the Tito-Šubašić Agreement
in 1944, the two prime ministers agreed that the new joint government would be led by Tito. With the liberation of Yugoslavia's capital Belgrade
in November 1944, the joint government was officially formed, with Josip Broz Tito as the Prime Minister.
After the war, elections were held ending in an overwhelming victory for Tito's People's Front. The new parliament deposed King Peter II on 29 November 1945, and declared a Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (in 1963, the state was renamed Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
). The government was first headed by a Prime Minister up to 14 January 1953, when major decentralization reforms reorganized the government into the Federal Executive Council chaired by a President. Josip Broz Tito held the post from 1943 to 1963.
Five out of nine heads of government of Yugoslavia in this period were of Croatian
ethnicity. Three were from Croatia
itself (Josip Broz Tito
, Mika Špiljak
, and Milka Planinc
), while two were Bosnian Croats (Branko Mikulić
and Ante Marković
). Ante Marković however, though a Croat from Bosnia and Herzegovina by birth, was a politician of Croatia like Špiljak and Planinc, serving (at different times) as both prime minister and president of the presidency of that federal unit.
Head of government
Head of government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet. In a parliamentary system, the head of government is often styled prime minister, chief minister, premier, etc...
of the Yugoslav
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....
state, from the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918 until the end of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was the Yugoslav state that existed from the abolition of the Yugoslav monarchy until it was dissolved in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars. It was a socialist state and a federation made up of six socialist republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,...
in 1992.
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Kingdom of Serbia
The Kingdom of Serbia was created when Prince Milan Obrenović, ruler of the Principality of Serbia, was crowned King in 1882. The Principality of Serbia was ruled by the Karađorđevic dynasty from 1817 onwards . The Principality, suzerain to the Porte, had expelled all Ottoman troops by 1867, de...
and the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
The State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs was a short-lived state formed from the southernmost parts of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy after its dissolution at the end of the World War I by the resident population of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs...
on 1 December 1918. It was renamed Kingdom of Yugoslavia on 3 October 1929. Yugoslavia was defeated and occupied after the German invasion
Invasion of Yugoslavia
The Invasion of Yugoslavia , also known as the April War , was the Axis Powers' attack on the Kingdom of Yugoslavia which began on 6 April 1941 during World War II...
on 17 April 1941. The monarchy was formally abolished on 29 November 1945. In 1945 there were ten living former prime ministers. Out of these, Nikola Uzunović, Dušan Simović, Miloš Trifunović and Ivan Šubašić lived in the Democratic Federal Republic of Yugoslavia while Petar Živković, Bogoljub Jevtić, Milan Stojadinović, Dragiša Cvetković, Slobodan Jovanović and Božidar Purić remained in exile.
| No. | Head of Government | Lifespan | Ethnicity | Took office | Left office | Party | Note | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prime Ministers 1918-1944 |
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| Nikola Pašić Nikola Pašic Nikola P. Pašić was a Serbian and Yugoslav politician and diplomat, the most important Serbian political figure for almost 40 years, leader of the People's Radical Party who, among other posts, was twice a mayor of Belgrade... (acting) |
1845–1926 | Serb Serbs The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in... |
1 December 1918 |
22 December 1918 |
People's Radical Party People's Radical Party The People's Radical Party of Serbia was a political party formed on January 8, 1881, which was active in the Kingdom of Serbia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes... |
Acting prime minister, as the last prime minister of Serbia Kingdom of Serbia The Kingdom of Serbia was created when Prince Milan Obrenović, ruler of the Principality of Serbia, was crowned King in 1882. The Principality of Serbia was ruled by the Karađorđevic dynasty from 1817 onwards . The Principality, suzerain to the Porte, had expelled all Ottoman troops by 1867, de... . |
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| Stojan Protić Stojan Protic Stojan Protić was a Yugoslavian political figure. He served as the prime minister of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes between 1918 and 1919, and again in 1920.... |
1857–1923 | Serb Serbs The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in... |
22 December 1918 |
16 August 1919 |
People's Radical Party People's Radical Party The People's Radical Party of Serbia was a political party formed on January 8, 1881, which was active in the Kingdom of Serbia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes... |
First Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (that will be renamed "Kingdom of Yugoslavia"). | ||
| 2 | Ljubomir Davidović Ljubomir Davidovic Ljubomir Davidović was a prime minister of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes.Davidović was born in Vlaško Polje.... |
1863–1940 | Serb Serbs The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in... |
16 August 1919 |
19 February 1920 |
Democratic Party Democratic Party (Yugoslavia) The Yugoslav Democratic Party, State Party of Serbian, Croatian and Slovene Democrats and Democratic Party was the name of a series of social-liberal political parties that existed in succession in the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and the Kingdom... |
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| Stojan Protić Stojan Protic Stojan Protić was a Yugoslavian political figure. He served as the prime minister of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes between 1918 and 1919, and again in 1920.... |
1857–1923 | Serb Serbs The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in... |
19 February 1920 |
16 May 1920 |
People's Radical Party People's Radical Party The People's Radical Party of Serbia was a political party formed on January 8, 1881, which was active in the Kingdom of Serbia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes... |
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| Milenko Vesnić | 1863–1921 | Serb Serbs The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in... |
16 May 1920 |
1 January 1921 |
People's Radical Party People's Radical Party The People's Radical Party of Serbia was a political party formed on January 8, 1881, which was active in the Kingdom of Serbia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes... |
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| Nikola Pašić Nikola Pašic Nikola P. Pašić was a Serbian and Yugoslav politician and diplomat, the most important Serbian political figure for almost 40 years, leader of the People's Radical Party who, among other posts, was twice a mayor of Belgrade... |
1845–1926 | Serb Serbs The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in... |
1 January 1921 |
28 July 1924 |
People's Radical Party People's Radical Party The People's Radical Party of Serbia was a political party formed on January 8, 1881, which was active in the Kingdom of Serbia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes... |
Second term. Vidovdan Constitution Vidovdan Constitution The Vidovdan Constitution was the first constitution of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. It was approved by the Constitutional Assembly on June 28, 1921 despite the opposition boycotting the vote. The Constitution is named after the feast of St. Vitus , a Serbian holiday. The Constitution... adopted on June 28 1921. |
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| 6 | Ljubomir Davidović Ljubomir Davidovic Ljubomir Davidović was a prime minister of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes.Davidović was born in Vlaško Polje.... |
1863–1940 | Serb Serbs The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in... |
28 July 1924 |
6 November 1924 |
Democratic Party Democratic Party (Yugoslavia) The Yugoslav Democratic Party, State Party of Serbian, Croatian and Slovene Democrats and Democratic Party was the name of a series of social-liberal political parties that existed in succession in the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and the Kingdom... |
Second term | |
| Nikola Pašić Nikola Pašic Nikola P. Pašić was a Serbian and Yugoslav politician and diplomat, the most important Serbian political figure for almost 40 years, leader of the People's Radical Party who, among other posts, was twice a mayor of Belgrade... |
1845–1926 | Serb Serbs The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in... |
6 November 1924 |
8 April 1926 |
People's Radical Party People's Radical Party The People's Radical Party of Serbia was a political party formed on January 8, 1881, which was active in the Kingdom of Serbia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes... |
Third term | ||
| Nikola Uzunović Nikola Uzunovic Nikola Uzunović was a Serbian politician. He served as Prime Minister of Yugoslavia from April 8, 1926 until April 17, 1927 and from January 1934 to December 1934.... |
1873–1954 | Serb Serbs The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in... |
8 April 1926 |
17 April 1927 |
People's Radical Party People's Radical Party The People's Radical Party of Serbia was a political party formed on January 8, 1881, which was active in the Kingdom of Serbia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes... |
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| Velimir Vukićević Velimir Vukicevic Velimir Vukićević was a Serbian Yugoslav politician. He served as Prime Minister of Yugoslavia from April 17, 1927 until July 28, 1928.... |
1871–1930 | Serb Serbs The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in... |
17 April 1927 |
28 July 1928 |
People's Radical Party People's Radical Party The People's Radical Party of Serbia was a political party formed on January 8, 1881, which was active in the Kingdom of Serbia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes... |
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| 10 | Anton Korošec Anton Korošec Anton Korošec was a Slovenian political leader, a prominent member of the conservative People's Party, a priest and a noted orator.... |
1872–1940 | Slovene | 28 July 1928 |
7 January 1929 |
Slovene People's Party | ||
| Petar Živković Petar Živkovic Petar Živković was a Serbian soldier and political figure in Yugoslavia. He was Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia from January 7, 1929 until April 4, 1932.-Life:... |
1879–1953 | Serb Serbs The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in... |
7 January 1929 |
4 April 1932 |
Yugoslav Radical Peasants' Democracy Yugoslav Radical Peasants' Democracy The Yugoslav National Party was a political party in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1932 and 1941... |
Prime Minister of the first authoritarian government appointed by King Alexander I Alexander I of Yugoslavia Alexander I , also known as Alexander the Unifier was the first king of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia as well as the last king of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes .-Childhood:... during the January 6 Dictatorship. Sentenced to death in absentia in 1946. |
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| Vojislav Marinković | 1876–1935 | Serb Serbs The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in... |
4 April 1932 |
3 July 1932 |
Yugoslav Radical Peasants' Democracy Yugoslav Radical Peasants' Democracy The Yugoslav National Party was a political party in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1932 and 1941... |
Previously a (founding) member of the Democratic Party Democratic Party (Yugoslavia) The Yugoslav Democratic Party, State Party of Serbian, Croatian and Slovene Democrats and Democratic Party was the name of a series of social-liberal political parties that existed in succession in the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and the Kingdom... . |
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| Milan Srškić | 1880–1937 | Serb Serbs The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in... |
3 July 1932 |
27 January 1934 |
Yugoslav Radical Peasants' Democracy Yugoslav Radical Peasants' Democracy The Yugoslav National Party was a political party in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1932 and 1941... |
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| Nikola Uzunović Nikola Uzunovic Nikola Uzunović was a Serbian politician. He served as Prime Minister of Yugoslavia from April 8, 1926 until April 17, 1927 and from January 1934 to December 1934.... |
1873–1954 | Serb Serbs The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in... |
27 January 1934 |
22 December 1934 |
Yugoslav Radical Peasants' Democracy Yugoslav Radical Peasants' Democracy The Yugoslav National Party was a political party in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1932 and 1941... (renamed) |
The Yugoslav Radical Peasants' Democracy Yugoslav Radical Peasants' Democracy The Yugoslav National Party was a political party in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1932 and 1941... party was renamed into the Yugoslav National Party. |
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| Yugoslav National Party (renamed) |
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Bogoljub Jevtić Bogoljub Jevtic Bogoljub Jevtić was a Serbian diplomat and politician in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.He was plenipotentiary minister of Yugoslavia in Albania, Austria and Hungary... |
1886–1960 | Serb Serbs The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in... |
22 December 1934 |
24 June 1935 |
Yugoslav National Party (until 1935) |
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| Yugoslav Radical Union Yugoslav Radical Union The Yugoslav Radical Union was a conservative political party in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.The party was formed by the Serbian politician Milan Stojadinović in 1935. It was made up by different groups, that could be divided in three parts: in Serbia, it was made mostly by former members of the... (from 1935) |
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| Milan Stojadinović Milan Stojadinovic Milan Stojadinović was a Yugoslav political figure and a noted economist.Stojadinović was born in Čačak in central Serbia, and went to school in Užice and Kragujevac. In 1910 he graduated from the University of Belgrade's Law School, and gained a Ph.D. in economics in 1911... |
1886–1961 | Serb Serbs The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in... |
24 June 1935 |
5 February 1939 |
Yugoslav Radical Union Yugoslav Radical Union The Yugoslav Radical Union was a conservative political party in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.The party was formed by the Serbian politician Milan Stojadinović in 1935. It was made up by different groups, that could be divided in three parts: in Serbia, it was made mostly by former members of the... |
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| Dragiša Cvetković Dragiša Cvetkovic Dragiša Cvetković was a Yugoslav politician.He served as the prime minister of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia from 1939 to 1941. He developed the federalization of Yugoslavia through the creation of the Banovina of Croatia by an agreement with Croatian leader Vladko Maček... |
1893–1969 | Serb Serbs The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in... |
5 February 1939 |
27 March 1941 |
Yugoslav Radical Union Yugoslav Radical Union The Yugoslav Radical Union was a conservative political party in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.The party was formed by the Serbian politician Milan Stojadinović in 1935. It was made up by different groups, that could be divided in three parts: in Serbia, it was made mostly by former members of the... |
Sentenced in absentia in 1945. | ||
| 18 | Dušan Simović Dušan Simovic Dušan T. Simović was a Yugoslav general who served as chief of the air force and commander-in-chief of the Royal Yugoslav Army and as the Prime Minister of Yugoslavia.-Life and career:... |
1882–1962 | Serb Serbs The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in... |
27 March 1941 |
12 January 1942 |
None | Royal Yugoslav Army Royal Yugoslav Army The Royal Yugoslav Army was the armed force of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and later the Kingdom of Yugoslavia from the state's formation until the force's surrender to the Axis powers on April 17, 1941... chief of staff. Took power by military coup d'état Coup d'état A coup d'état state, literally: strike/blow of state)—also known as a coup, putsch, and overthrow—is the sudden, extrajudicial deposition of a government, usually by a small group of the existing state establishment—typically the military—to replace the deposed government with another body; either... . Following the German invasion Invasion of Yugoslavia The Invasion of Yugoslavia , also known as the April War , was the Axis Powers' attack on the Kingdom of Yugoslavia which began on 6 April 1941 during World War II... , he led the government into exile in London. |
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| 19 | Slobodan Jovanović Slobodan Jovanovic Slobodan Jovanović was one of Serbia's most prolific jurists, historians, sociologists, journalists and literary critics. He distinguished himself with a characteristically clear and sharp writing style later called the "Belgrade style"... |
1869–1958 | Serb Serbs The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in... |
12 January 1942 |
26 June 1943 |
None | Headed government-in-exile. Found guilty of treason in absentia in 1946. |
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| Miloš Trifunović | 1871–1957 | Serb Serbs The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in... |
26 June 1943 |
10 August 1943 |
People's Radical Party People's Radical Party The People's Radical Party of Serbia was a political party formed on January 8, 1881, which was active in the Kingdom of Serbia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes... |
Headed government-in-exile. | ||
| 21 | Božidar Purić | 1891–1977 | Serb Serbs The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in... |
10 August 1943 |
8 July 1944 |
None | Headed government-in-exile. Held post simultaneously with Josip Broz Tito Josip Broz Tito Marshal Josip Broz Tito – 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman. While his presidency has been criticized as authoritarian, Tito was a popular public figure both in Yugoslavia and abroad, viewed as a unifying symbol for the nations of the Yugoslav federation... . Alternate recognized government (the NKOJ NKOJ The National Committee for the Liberation of Yugoslavia or NKOJ , was the World War II provisional executive body of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia. The NKOJ was elected by the AVNOJ during its Second Session in Jajce in late November of 1943. During the Session, the AVNOJ also appointed Josip... ) in existence in occupied Yugoslavia after November 29 1943. Sentenced in absentia in 1946 |
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| Ivan Šubašić Ivan Šubašic Ivan Šubašić was a Croatian and Yugoslav politician, best known as the last Ban of Banovina of Croatia.He was born in Vukova Gorica, then in Austria-Hungary. He finished grammar and high school in Zagreb, and enrolled onto the Faculty of Theology at the University of Zagreb... |
1892–1955 | Croat Croats Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have... |
8 July 1944 |
2 November 1944 |
Croatian Peasant Party Croatian Peasant Party The Croatian Peasant Party is a center and socially conservative political party in Croatia.-Austria-Hungary:The Croatian People's Peasant Party was formed on December 22, 1904 by Antun Radić along with his brother Stjepan Radić. The party contested elections for the first time in the Kingdom of... |
Headed government-in-exile. Held post simultaneously with Josip Broz Tito Josip Broz Tito Marshal Josip Broz Tito – 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman. While his presidency has been criticized as authoritarian, Tito was a popular public figure both in Yugoslavia and abroad, viewed as a unifying symbol for the nations of the Yugoslav federation... . Merged into coalition government on November 2 1944, Josip Broz Tito Josip Broz Tito Marshal Josip Broz Tito – 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman. While his presidency has been criticized as authoritarian, Tito was a popular public figure both in Yugoslavia and abroad, viewed as a unifying symbol for the nations of the Yugoslav federation... presiding. |
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SFR Yugoslavia
After the German invasion and fragmentation of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the Partisan resistance in occupied Yugoslavia formed a deliberative council, the Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJAVNOJ
The Anti-Fascist Council of the People's Liberation of Yugoslavia, known more commonly by its Yugoslav abbreviation AVNOJ, was the political umbrella organization for the national liberation councils of the Yugoslav resistance against the World War II Axis occupation, eventually becoming the...
) in 1942. On 29 November 1943 the AVNOJ proclaimed the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia, and appointed the National Committee for the Liberation of Yugoslavia (NKOJ
NKOJ
The National Committee for the Liberation of Yugoslavia or NKOJ , was the World War II provisional executive body of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia. The NKOJ was elected by the AVNOJ during its Second Session in Jajce in late November of 1943. During the Session, the AVNOJ also appointed Josip...
), led by Prime Minister Josip Broz Tito
Josip Broz Tito
Marshal Josip Broz Tito – 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman. While his presidency has been criticized as authoritarian, Tito was a popular public figure both in Yugoslavia and abroad, viewed as a unifying symbol for the nations of the Yugoslav federation...
, as its government. Josip Broz Tito was quickly recognized by the Allies at the Tehran Conference
Tehran Conference
The Tehran Conference was the meeting of Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill between November 28 and December 1, 1943, most of which was held at the Soviet Embassy in Tehran, Iran. It was the first World War II conference amongst the Big Three in which Stalin was present...
, and the royalist government-in-exile in London was pressured into agreeing on a merge with the NKOJ. In order to facilitate this, Ivan Šubašić
Ivan Šubašic
Ivan Šubašić was a Croatian and Yugoslav politician, best known as the last Ban of Banovina of Croatia.He was born in Vukova Gorica, then in Austria-Hungary. He finished grammar and high school in Zagreb, and enrolled onto the Faculty of Theology at the University of Zagreb...
was appointed by the King to head the London government.
For a period, Yugoslavia had two recognized prime ministers and governments (which both agreed to formally merge as soon as possible): Josip Broz Tito leading the NKOJ in occupied Yugoslavia, and Ivan Šubašić leading the King's government-in-exile in London. With the Tito-Šubašić Agreement
Tito-Šubašic Agreement
The Treaty of Vis , also known as the Tito-Šubašić Agreement, was an attempt by the Western Powers to merge the royal Yugoslav government in exile with the Communist-led Partisans who were fighting the Axis occupation of Yugoslavia in the Second World War and were de facto rulers on the liberated...
in 1944, the two prime ministers agreed that the new joint government would be led by Tito. With the liberation of Yugoslavia's capital Belgrade
Belgrade
Belgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkans. According to official results of Census 2011, the city has a population of 1,639,121. It is one of the 15 largest cities in Europe...
in November 1944, the joint government was officially formed, with Josip Broz Tito as the Prime Minister.
After the war, elections were held ending in an overwhelming victory for Tito's People's Front. The new parliament deposed King Peter II on 29 November 1945, and declared a Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (in 1963, the state was renamed Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was the Yugoslav state that existed from the abolition of the Yugoslav monarchy until it was dissolved in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars. It was a socialist state and a federation made up of six socialist republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,...
). The government was first headed by a Prime Minister up to 14 January 1953, when major decentralization reforms reorganized the government into the Federal Executive Council chaired by a President. Josip Broz Tito held the post from 1943 to 1963.
Five out of nine heads of government of Yugoslavia in this period were of Croatian
Croats
Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have...
ethnicity. Three were from Croatia
Socialist Republic of Croatia
Socialist Republic of Croatia was a sovereign constituent country of the second Yugoslavia. It came to existence during World War II, becoming a socialist state after the war, and was also renamed four times in its existence . It was the second largest republic in Yugoslavia by territory and...
itself (Josip Broz Tito
Josip Broz Tito
Marshal Josip Broz Tito – 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman. While his presidency has been criticized as authoritarian, Tito was a popular public figure both in Yugoslavia and abroad, viewed as a unifying symbol for the nations of the Yugoslav federation...
, Mika Špiljak
Mika Špiljak
Mika Špiljak was a Croatian politician in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.He was born in Odra Sisačka . His father Dragutin was a railway worker. Špiljak began working at the age of 16...
, and Milka Planinc
Milka Planinc
Milka Planinc was an ethnic Croatian Yugoslav politician. She served as a Prime Minister of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1982 to 1986. She was the first female head of government in the history of real socialism...
), while two were Bosnian Croats (Branko Mikulić
Branko Mikulic
Branko Mikulić was a communist politician and statesman in the Yugoslavia. Mikulić was one of the leading communist politicians in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the communist rule in the former Yugoslavia.-Biography:...
and Ante Marković
Ante Markovic
Ante Marković was a statesman of the former Yugoslavia. He was the last prime minister of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.- Early life :...
). Ante Marković however, though a Croat from Bosnia and Herzegovina by birth, was a politician of Croatia like Špiljak and Planinc, serving (at different times) as both prime minister and president of the presidency of that federal unit.
| No. | Head of Government | Lifespan | Ethnicity | Took office | Left office | Party | Note | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prime Minister 1943-1953 |
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| Josip Broz Tito Josip Broz Tito Marshal Josip Broz Tito – 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman. While his presidency has been criticized as authoritarian, Tito was a popular public figure both in Yugoslavia and abroad, viewed as a unifying symbol for the nations of the Yugoslav federation... |
1892–1980 | Croat Croats Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have... |
29 November 1943 |
14 January 1953 |
Communist Party of Yugoslavia (renamed in 1952) |
Held post simultaneously first with Božidar Purić, then Ivan Šubašić Ivan Šubašic Ivan Šubašić was a Croatian and Yugoslav politician, best known as the last Ban of Banovina of Croatia.He was born in Vukova Gorica, then in Austria-Hungary. He finished grammar and high school in Zagreb, and enrolled onto the Faculty of Theology at the University of Zagreb... up to November 2 1944. Headed joint coalition government November 2 1944 - November 29 1945, then affirmed by elections. |
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| League of Communists of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia , before 1952 the Communist Party of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian: Savez komunista Jugoslavije/Савез комуниста Југославије, Slovene: Zveza komunistov Jugoslavije, Macedonian: Сојуз на комунистите на Југославија, Sojuz na... (renamed in 1952) |
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| Presidents of the Federal Executive Council 1953-1992 |
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| Josip Broz Tito Josip Broz Tito Marshal Josip Broz Tito – 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman. While his presidency has been criticized as authoritarian, Tito was a popular public figure both in Yugoslavia and abroad, viewed as a unifying symbol for the nations of the Yugoslav federation... |
1892–1980 | Croat Croats Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have... |
14 January 1953 |
29 June 1963 |
League of Communists of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia , before 1952 the Communist Party of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian: Savez komunista Jugoslavije/Савез комуниста Југославије, Slovene: Zveza komunistov Jugoslavije, Macedonian: Сојуз на комунистите на Југославија, Sojuz na... |
Office of Prime Minister reorganized as President of the Federal Executive Council. Josip Broz Tito Josip Broz Tito Marshal Josip Broz Tito – 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman. While his presidency has been criticized as authoritarian, Tito was a popular public figure both in Yugoslavia and abroad, viewed as a unifying symbol for the nations of the Yugoslav federation... also served as President of Yugoslavia from 14 January 1953 up to his death in 1980. |
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| Petar Stambolić Petar Stambolic Petar Stambolić was a Yugoslav communist politician who served as the President of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia from 1963 to 1967 and President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia from 1982 until 1983.Stambolić was born in Brezova, Ivanjica, Kingdom of Serbia and died in Belgrade, Serbia... |
1912–2007 | Serb Serbs The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in... |
29 June 1963 |
16 May 1967 |
League of Communists of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia , before 1952 the Communist Party of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian: Savez komunista Jugoslavije/Савез комуниста Југославије, Slovene: Zveza komunistov Jugoslavije, Macedonian: Сојуз на комунистите на Југославија, Sojuz na... |
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| Mika Špiljak Mika Špiljak Mika Špiljak was a Croatian politician in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.He was born in Odra Sisačka . His father Dragutin was a railway worker. Špiljak began working at the age of 16... |
1916–2007 | Croat Croats Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have... |
16 May 1967 |
18 May 1969 |
League of Communists of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia , before 1952 the Communist Party of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian: Savez komunista Jugoslavije/Савез комуниста Југославије, Slovene: Zveza komunistov Jugoslavije, Macedonian: Сојуз на комунистите на Југославија, Sojuz na... |
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| Mitja Ribičič Mitja Ribičič Mitja Ribičič is a former Slovenian Communist official and Yugoslav politician. He was the only Slovenian prime minister of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia... |
1919– | Slovene | 18 May 1969 |
30 July 1971 |
League of Communists of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia , before 1952 the Communist Party of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian: Savez komunista Jugoslavije/Савез комуниста Југославије, Slovene: Zveza komunistov Jugoslavije, Macedonian: Сојуз на комунистите на Југославија, Sojuz na... |
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| Džemal Bijedić Džemal Bijedic Džemal Bijedić was a Bosniak Communist politician from Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the prime minister of Yugoslavia from 1971 until his death.- Early life :... |
1917–1977 | Muslim Bosniaks The Bosniaks or Bosniacs are a South Slavic ethnic group, living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a smaller minority also present in other lands of the Balkan Peninsula especially in Serbia, Montenegro and Croatia... |
30 July 1971 |
18 January 1977 |
League of Communists of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia , before 1952 the Communist Party of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian: Savez komunista Jugoslavije/Савез комуниста Југославије, Slovene: Zveza komunistov Jugoslavije, Macedonian: Сојуз на комунистите на Југославија, Sojuz na... |
Died in office. | ||
| Veselin Đuranović (two terms) |
1925–1997 | Montenegrin | 18 January 1977 |
16 May 1982 |
League of Communists of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia , before 1952 the Communist Party of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian: Savez komunista Jugoslavije/Савез комуниста Југославије, Slovene: Zveza komunistov Jugoslavije, Macedonian: Сојуз на комунистите на Југославија, Sojuz na... |
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| Milka Planinc Milka Planinc Milka Planinc was an ethnic Croatian Yugoslav politician. She served as a Prime Minister of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1982 to 1986. She was the first female head of government in the history of real socialism... |
1924–2010 | Croat Croats Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have... |
16 May 1982 |
15 May 1986 |
League of Communists of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia , before 1952 the Communist Party of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian: Savez komunista Jugoslavije/Савез комуниста Југославије, Slovene: Zveza komunistov Jugoslavije, Macedonian: Сојуз на комунистите на Југославија, Sojuz na... |
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| Branko Mikulić Branko Mikulic Branko Mikulić was a communist politician and statesman in the Yugoslavia. Mikulić was one of the leading communist politicians in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the communist rule in the former Yugoslavia.-Biography:... |
1928–1995 | Croat Croats Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have... |
15 May 1986 |
16 March 1989 |
League of Communists of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia , before 1952 the Communist Party of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian: Savez komunista Jugoslavije/Савез комуниста Југославије, Slovene: Zveza komunistov Jugoslavije, Macedonian: Сојуз на комунистите на Југославија, Sojuz na... |
Resigned on 30 December 1988, amid widespread protests. | ||
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Ante Marković Ante Markovic Ante Marković was a statesman of the former Yugoslavia. He was the last prime minister of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.- Early life :... |
1924–2011 | Croat Croats Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have... |
16 March 1989 |
20 December 1991 |
League of Communists of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia , before 1952 the Communist Party of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian: Savez komunista Jugoslavije/Савез комуниста Југославије, Slovene: Zveza komunistov Jugoslavije, Macedonian: Сојуз на комунистите на Југославија, Sojuz na... (until January 1990) |
Last prime minister of Yugoslavia. The pan-Yugoslav League of Communists of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia , before 1952 the Communist Party of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian: Savez komunista Jugoslavije/Савез комуниста Југославије, Slovene: Zveza komunistov Jugoslavije, Macedonian: Сојуз на комунистите на Југославија, Sojuz na... was dissolved in January 1990, Marković formed his own party, the Union of Reform Forces Union of Reform Forces The Union of Reform Forces is a former political party in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, led by Ante Marković.The party was short-lived and fairly unsuccessful, but it later served as a basis for liberal parties in Serbia and in the Republic of Macedonia The Union of Reform Forces... . |
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| Union of Reform Forces Union of Reform Forces The Union of Reform Forces is a former political party in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, led by Ante Marković.The party was short-lived and fairly unsuccessful, but it later served as a basis for liberal parties in Serbia and in the Republic of Macedonia The Union of Reform Forces... (from January 1990) |
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| Aleksandar Mitrović Aleksandar Mitrović (politician) -References:... (acting) |
1933– | Serb Serbs The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in... |
20 December 1991 |
14 July 1992 |
Socialist Party of Serbia Socialist Party of Serbia The Socialist Party of Serbia is officially a democratic socialist political party in Serbia. It is also widely recognized as a de facto Serbian nationalist party, though the party itself does not officially acknowledge this... |
Acting prime minister, installed by Serbia and Montenegro. | ||
See also
- List of heads of state of Yugoslavia
- Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and HerzegovinaChairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and HerzegovinaThe following is a list of Chairmen of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:-Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina:...
- Prime Minister of Croatia
- Prime Minister of Serbia and MontenegroPrime Minister of Serbia and MontenegroThe Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro was the head of government of Serbia and Montenegro from its establishment in 1992 up until the state's dissolution in 2006...
- Prime Minister of KosovoPrime Minister of KosovoThe Prime Minister of Kosovo is Head of Government of the disputed Republic of Kosovo .The Prime Minister and the Government of Kosovo, which he or she heads, are responsible for their actions to the Assembly of Kosovo, of which they must all be members...
- Prime Minister of the Republic of MacedoniaPrime Minister of the Republic of MacedoniaThe Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia is the head of government of the Republic of Macedonia. He or she is the leader of a political coalition in the Macedonian parliament and the leader of the cabinet...
- Prime Minister of MontenegroPrime Minister of MontenegroThe Prime Minister of Montenegro , is the head of the Government of Montenegro. The role of the Prime Minister is to direct the work of the Government, and to submit to the Parliament the Government's Program, including a list of proposed ministers...
- Prime Minister of Serbia
- Prime Minister of SloveniaPrime Minister of SloveniaThere have been six Prime Ministers of Slovenia since that country gained its independence in the breakup of Yugoslavia. Unlike the President of Slovenia, who is directly elected, the Prime Minister is appointed by the National Assembly, and must control a majority there in order to...