Prince Pedro Luís of Orléans-Braganza
Encyclopedia
Prince Pedro Luís of Orléans-Braganza (12 January 1983 1 June 2009) was the son of Prince Antônio of Orléans-Braganza
, and was expected, on the deaths of his father and childless uncles, to eventually become a pretender
to the former imperial crown of Brazil.
For some monarchists
, Prince Pedro Luís was third in the line of succession to the former Brazilian throne, abolished
in 1889. A current pretender and one of two claimants to be head of the former dynasty
is his childless uncle, Prince Luís. Prince Luís's heir is another childless uncle, Prince Bertrand
, and his own father, Prince Antônio, is second in line. Pedro Luís's younger brother, Prince Rafael
, took his place in the line of succession upon legal declaration of his death, which occurred on Air France Flight 447
.
, the elder of the two sons of Prince Antônio of Orléans-Braganza
and his Belgian
wife, Princess Christine of Ligne
.
His name in full was Pedro Luís Maria José Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga de Orléans e Bragança e Ligne. His paternal grandparents were Prince Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza
, one of two claimants to be head of the Brazilian Imperial House, and Princess Maria Elisabeth of Bavaria
. His maternal grandparents were Antoine, 13th Prince of Ligne
, and Princess Alix of Luxembourg
. His mother's family, the House of Ligne
is one of the oldest and most prominent Wallonian
noble families still extant in Belgium. Christine is a niece of Grand Duke Jean
, who reigned in Luxembourg until his abdication in 2000.
His father's two elder brothers, Luís—one of two current claimants to be head of Brazil's imperial family—and Bertrand
—the next in line—are unmarried and have no offspring. His father Antônio is therefore heir to the claim after his older siblings, and Pedro would, in due course, have been a claimant to the traditional headship of the Imperial House of Brazil, and the nominal Brazilian crown. As with most republics, Brazilian constitutional provisions do not allow for the institution of a Royal House.
Pedro descended from all monarchs of the Kingdom of Portugal
, including John VI
(Dom João VI) of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves, and the later monarchs of independent Brazil, emperors Peter I and Peter II
(Dom Pedro I and Dom Pedro II). He was also a descendant of Louis Philippe I d'Orléans, King of the French in the male line, and a distant nephew, by descent, of John Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen, the 17th-century Dutch prince who was governor of Dutch Brazil
in the 1600s.
and was enrolled in the Insituto Social São José (Saint Joseph Social Institute), in which education was directed by nuns, and took secondary studies at the Colégio Ipiranga (Ipiranga School). He graduated in Business Administration in 2005 from IBMEC in Rio de Janeiro after matriculation in 2001, and undertook postgraduate education
in economics at the Fundação Getúlio Vargas. After that he worked at the Mariani Bank in Rio de Janeiro until the end of 2007 when he moved to Luxembourg
, where he was hired by BNP Paribas
(a leading European bank) and did management consulting
for several companies.
As a member of the "Vassouras branch" of the Brazilian imperial family, he did not share in the income which still flows from all land transactions in Petrópolis
under the nineteenth century emphyteutic lease
(in contrast to the rival "Petrópolis branch") and was thus able to live comfortably, but "without great luxury". He had no car. He traveled around Rio de Janeiro on foot or by bus. With regard to his lifestyle, he once stated in an interview: "We lead a normal life; we are citizens like everyone else and work to live".
, Luís and Bertrand, known for their political beliefs, were repudiated
not only by some monarchists, but also by four of their own younger brothers, who tried unsuccessfully to convince them to renounce
their traditional claims to the throne in favor of their brother Antônio, and the young Pedro Luís. Then only ten years old, Pedro Luís was seen beside his father during the monarchist restoration campaign. Luís and Bertrand recognized that Pedro Luís would be a better choice if the monarchy were to be reinstated by the Brazilian people. but that option was not successful with 6,840,551 Brazilians, 13% of the total tally, voted in favor of parliamentary monarchy
.
Concerning his status as a prince of a deposed
dynasty and of the responsibilities inherent in that position, he affirmed: "We carry this burden and must set an example". He was in search of a suitable fiancée of royal blood, considered an obligation for the future head of the Imperial House of Brazil. In 1999 he became honorary president of Brazil's Monarchist Youth, and also held the Grand Cross
es of the Order of Pedro I
and of the Order of the Rose
.
Pedro Luís had expressed some opinions about Brazilian politics aside from the monarchy. Regarding the government of President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
he stated, "I am very pleased with the economic performance of Brazil, all derived from the policy of Lula da Silva. I am a supporter of the political choices of the Brazilian government which, in my opinion, is diminishing the [economic] gap among Brazilians".
Pedro Luís was considered by many Brazilian monarchists as the prince that gathered "all the hopes and aspirations [of restoration]" due to the "vigor of youth and the seriousness of his character". Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza
and heir of the abolished Portuguese crown, affirmed: "[Pedro Luís] is a very intelligent person. I have the best reports of him."
On 31 May 2009 the prince boarded Air France Flight 447
, planning to return to Luxembourg from Rio de Janeiro after visiting his family. The prince, along with 227 other passengers, died when the aircraft crashed on 1 June 2009. His double-cousin Princess Alix of Ligne had planned to travel with him, but took an earlier flight instead. Pedro Luís's body was among those retrieved from the ocean and was buried in Vassouras
in the family's mausoleum on 5 July.
, itself a branch of the House of Capet
and of the Robertians.
Pedro Luís's patriline is the line from which he is descended father to son. It follows the Kings of France and Dukes of Bourbon. The line can be traced back more than 1,200 years and is one of the oldest in Europe.
Prince Antonio of Orléans-Braganza
Prince Antônio of Orléans-Braganza , whose baptismal name is Antônio João Maria José Jorge Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga de Orléans e Bragança e Wittelsbach, is a member of the Imperial House of Brazil...
, and was expected, on the deaths of his father and childless uncles, to eventually become a pretender
Pretender
A pretender is one who claims entitlement to an unavailable position of honour or rank. Most often it refers to a former monarch, or descendant thereof, whose throne is occupied or claimed by a rival, or has been abolished....
to the former imperial crown of Brazil.
For some monarchists
Monarchism
Monarchism is the advocacy of the establishment, preservation, or restoration of a monarchy as a form of government in a nation. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government out of principle, independent from the person, the Monarch.In this system, the Monarch may be the...
, Prince Pedro Luís was third in the line of succession to the former Brazilian throne, abolished
Abolished monarchy
Throughout history, monarchies have been abolished, either through revolutions, legislative reforms, coups d'état, or wars. The twentieth century saw a major acceleration of this process, with many monarchies violently overthrown by revolution or war, or else abolished as part of the process of...
in 1889. A current pretender and one of two claimants to be head of the former dynasty
Dynasty
A dynasty is a sequence of rulers considered members of the same family. Historians traditionally consider many sovereign states' history within a framework of successive dynasties, e.g., China, Ancient Egypt and the Persian Empire...
is his childless uncle, Prince Luís. Prince Luís's heir is another childless uncle, Prince Bertrand
Prince Bertrand of Orléans-Braganza
Prince Bertrand of Orléans-Braganza is a member of the Imperial House of Brazil. According to the disputed claims of the Vassouras branch of the family, he is first in the line of succession to the defunct Brazilian throne, and consequently the current Prince Imperial of Brazil.-Biography:The...
, and his own father, Prince Antônio, is second in line. Pedro Luís's younger brother, Prince Rafael
Prince Rafael of Orléans-Braganza
Prince Rafael of Orléans-Braganza is a member of the Imperial House of Brazil...
, took his place in the line of succession upon legal declaration of his death, which occurred on Air France Flight 447
Air France Flight 447
Air France Flight 447 was a scheduled airline flight from Rio de Janeiro-Galeão to Paris-Roissy involving an Airbus A330-200 aircraft that crashed into the Atlantic Ocean on 1 June 2009, killing all 216 passengers and 12 aircrew. The investigation is still ongoing, and the cause of the...
.
Family
Prince Pedro Luís was born on 12 January 1983 in Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro , commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th...
, the elder of the two sons of Prince Antônio of Orléans-Braganza
Prince Antonio of Orléans-Braganza
Prince Antônio of Orléans-Braganza , whose baptismal name is Antônio João Maria José Jorge Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga de Orléans e Bragança e Wittelsbach, is a member of the Imperial House of Brazil...
and his Belgian
Belgium
Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
wife, Princess Christine of Ligne
Princess Christine of Orléans-Braganza
Princess Christine Marie Elisabeth of Orléans-Braganza, neé Princess de Ligne, was born on 11 August 1955 in the Château de Belœil, Belgium. She is the daughter of the late Antoine, 13th Prince of Ligne and Princess Alix Marie of Luxembourg....
.
His name in full was Pedro Luís Maria José Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga de Orléans e Bragança e Ligne. His paternal grandparents were Prince Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza
Prince Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza
Prince Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza , was a great-grandson of the last emperor of Brazil, Pedro II, and one of two claimants to the abolished throne.-Early life in Europe:...
, one of two claimants to be head of the Brazilian Imperial House, and Princess Maria Elisabeth of Bavaria
Princess Maria Elisabeth of Bavaria
align=right|Princess Maria Elisabeth of Bavaria was the eldest daughter of Prince Franz of Bavaria, third son of King Ludwig III of Bavaria.-Early life:...
. His maternal grandparents were Antoine, 13th Prince of Ligne
Antoine, 13th Prince of Ligne
Antoine Maria Joachim Lamoral, Prince of Ligne, Prince of Épinoy, Prince of Amblise, Grandee of Spain was born on 8 March 1925 in Brussels, Belgium. He was the son of Eugène, 11th Prince of Ligne and Philippine de Noailles...
, and Princess Alix of Luxembourg
Alix, Princess of Ligne
Alix Marie Anne Antoinette Charlotte Gabrielle, Dowager Princess of Ligne, Princess of Luxembourg, Princess of Nassau, Princess of Bourbon-Parma is the daughter of Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg and Felix of Bourbon-Parma-Marriage and issue:On 17 August 1950 in Luxembourg Princess Alix...
. His mother's family, the House of Ligne
House of Ligne
The House of Ligne is one of the oldest Belgian noble families, dating back to the eleventh century. It s name comes from the village in which it originated, between Ath and Tournai. The lords of Ligne belonged to the entourage of the Count of Hainaut at the time of the Crusades...
is one of the oldest and most prominent Wallonian
Walloons
Walloons are a French-speaking people who live in Belgium, principally in Wallonia. Walloons are a distinctive community within Belgium, important historical and anthropological criteria bind Walloons to the French people. More generally, the term also refers to the inhabitants of the Walloon...
noble families still extant in Belgium. Christine is a niece of Grand Duke Jean
Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg ruled Luxembourg from 1964 to 2000. He is the father of the current ruler, Grand Duke Henri, and the son of Grand Duchess Charlotte and Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma...
, who reigned in Luxembourg until his abdication in 2000.
His father's two elder brothers, Luís—one of two current claimants to be head of Brazil's imperial family—and Bertrand
Prince Bertrand of Orléans-Braganza
Prince Bertrand of Orléans-Braganza is a member of the Imperial House of Brazil. According to the disputed claims of the Vassouras branch of the family, he is first in the line of succession to the defunct Brazilian throne, and consequently the current Prince Imperial of Brazil.-Biography:The...
—the next in line—are unmarried and have no offspring. His father Antônio is therefore heir to the claim after his older siblings, and Pedro would, in due course, have been a claimant to the traditional headship of the Imperial House of Brazil, and the nominal Brazilian crown. As with most republics, Brazilian constitutional provisions do not allow for the institution of a Royal House.
Pedro descended from all monarchs of the Kingdom of Portugal
Kingdom of Portugal
The Kingdom of Portugal was Portugal's general designation under the monarchy. The kingdom was located in the west of the Iberian Peninsula, Europe and existed from 1139 to 1910...
, including John VI
John VI of Portugal
John VI John VI John VI (full name: João Maria José Francisco Xavier de Paula Luís António Domingos Rafael; (13 May 1767 – 10 March 1826) was King of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (later changed to just King of Portugal and the Algarves, after Brazil was recognized...
(Dom João VI) of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves, and the later monarchs of independent Brazil, emperors Peter I and Peter II
Pedro II of Brazil
Dom Pedro II , nicknamed "the Magnanimous", was the second and last ruler of the Empire of Brazil, reigning for over 58 years. Born in Rio de Janeiro, he was the seventh child of Emperor Dom Pedro I of Brazil and Empress Dona Maria Leopoldina and thus a member of the Brazilian branch of...
(Dom Pedro I and Dom Pedro II). He was also a descendant of Louis Philippe I d'Orléans, King of the French in the male line, and a distant nephew, by descent, of John Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen, the 17th-century Dutch prince who was governor of Dutch Brazil
Dutch Brazil
Dutch Brazil, also known as New Holland, was the northern portion of Brazil, ruled by the Dutch during the Dutch colonization of the Americas between 1630 and 1654...
in the 1600s.
Career
Pedro Luís held dual Brazilian-Belgian citizenship and was fluent in Portuguese, English and French. The prince moved in infancy with his family to PetrópolisPetrópolis
Petrópolis , also known as The Imperial City of Brazil, is a town in the state of Rio de Janeiro, about 65 km from the city of Rio de Janeiro....
and was enrolled in the Insituto Social São José (Saint Joseph Social Institute), in which education was directed by nuns, and took secondary studies at the Colégio Ipiranga (Ipiranga School). He graduated in Business Administration in 2005 from IBMEC in Rio de Janeiro after matriculation in 2001, and undertook postgraduate education
Postgraduate education
Postgraduate education involves learning and studying for degrees or other qualifications for which a first or Bachelor's degree generally is required, and is normally considered to be part of higher education...
in economics at the Fundação Getúlio Vargas. After that he worked at the Mariani Bank in Rio de Janeiro until the end of 2007 when he moved to Luxembourg
Luxembourg
Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland in the south...
, where he was hired by BNP Paribas
BNP Paribas
BNP Paribas S.A. is a global banking group, headquartered in Paris, with its second global headquarters in London. In October 2010 BNP Paribas was ranked by Bloomberg and Forbes as the largest bank and largest company in the world by assets with over $3.1 trillion. It was formed through the merger...
(a leading European bank) and did management consulting
Management consulting
Management consulting indicates both the industry and practice of helping organizations improve their performance primarily through the analysis of existing organizational problems and development of plans for improvement....
for several companies.
As a member of the "Vassouras branch" of the Brazilian imperial family, he did not share in the income which still flows from all land transactions in Petrópolis
Petrópolis
Petrópolis , also known as The Imperial City of Brazil, is a town in the state of Rio de Janeiro, about 65 km from the city of Rio de Janeiro....
under the nineteenth century emphyteutic lease
Emphyteutic lease
An Emphyteutic lease is a type of real estate contract specifying that the lessee must improve the property with construction. The term is commonly used in Quebec. These sorts of leases are usually associated with government properties.-External links:*...
(in contrast to the rival "Petrópolis branch") and was thus able to live comfortably, but "without great luxury". He had no car. He traveled around Rio de Janeiro on foot or by bus. With regard to his lifestyle, he once stated in an interview: "We lead a normal life; we are citizens like everyone else and work to live".
Dynastic role
In 1993 Brazilians voted on whether to restore the monarchy in a referendumReferendum
A referendum is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. This may result in the adoption of a new constitution, a constitutional amendment, a law, the recall of an elected official or simply a specific government policy. It is a form of...
, Luís and Bertrand, known for their political beliefs, were repudiated
Repudiation
Repudiation may refer to:* Repudiation, the formal act by which a husband forcibly renounces his wife in certain cultures and religions*Disownment, the formal act by which a parent forcibly renounces his child...
not only by some monarchists, but also by four of their own younger brothers, who tried unsuccessfully to convince them to renounce
Renunciation
* In Hinduism, the renounced order of life is sannyāsa* In Buddhism, the Pali word for "renunciation" is nekkhamma* Renunciation of citizenship...
their traditional claims to the throne in favor of their brother Antônio, and the young Pedro Luís. Then only ten years old, Pedro Luís was seen beside his father during the monarchist restoration campaign. Luís and Bertrand recognized that Pedro Luís would be a better choice if the monarchy were to be reinstated by the Brazilian people. but that option was not successful with 6,840,551 Brazilians, 13% of the total tally, voted in favor of parliamentary monarchy
Constitutional monarchy
Constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the parameters of a constitution, whether it be a written, uncodified or blended constitution...
.
Concerning his status as a prince of a deposed
Deposition (politics)
Deposition by political means concerns the removal of a politician or monarch. It may be done by coup, impeachment, invasion or forced abdication...
dynasty and of the responsibilities inherent in that position, he affirmed: "We carry this burden and must set an example". He was in search of a suitable fiancée of royal blood, considered an obligation for the future head of the Imperial House of Brazil. In 1999 he became honorary president of Brazil's Monarchist Youth, and also held the Grand Cross
Grand Cross
The phrase Grand Cross is used to denote the highest grade in many orders of knighthood. Sometimes the holders of the highest grade are referred to "knights grand cross" or just "grand crosses"; in other cases the actual insignia itself is called "the grand cross".Alternatively, in some other...
es of the Order of Pedro I
Order of Pedro I
The Imperial Order of Dom Pedro I is an Brazilian order of chivalry instituted by Emperor Pedro I of Brazil on 16 April 1826.On 22 March 1890, the order was cancelled as national order by the interim government of United States of Brazil....
and of the Order of the Rose
Order of the Rose
The Imperial Order of the Rose is an Brazilian order of chivalry, instituted by Emperor Pedro I of Brazil on 17 October 1829 to commemorate his marriage to Amélie of Leuchtenberg....
.
Pedro Luís had expressed some opinions about Brazilian politics aside from the monarchy. Regarding the government of President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva , known popularly as Lula, served as the 35th President of Brazil from 2003 to 2010.A founding member of the Workers' Party , he ran for President three times unsuccessfully, first in the 1989 election. Lula achieved victory in the 2002 election, and was inaugurated as...
he stated, "I am very pleased with the economic performance of Brazil, all derived from the policy of Lula da Silva. I am a supporter of the political choices of the Brazilian government which, in my opinion, is diminishing the [economic] gap among Brazilians".
Pedro Luís was considered by many Brazilian monarchists as the prince that gathered "all the hopes and aspirations [of restoration]" due to the "vigor of youth and the seriousness of his character". Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza
Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza
Dom Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza , is the 24th Duke of Braganza and a pretender to the throne of Portugal.-Birth and education:...
and heir of the abolished Portuguese crown, affirmed: "[Pedro Luís] is a very intelligent person. I have the best reports of him."
Death
Air France Flight 447
Air France Flight 447 was a scheduled airline flight from Rio de Janeiro-Galeão to Paris-Roissy involving an Airbus A330-200 aircraft that crashed into the Atlantic Ocean on 1 June 2009, killing all 216 passengers and 12 aircrew. The investigation is still ongoing, and the cause of the...
, planning to return to Luxembourg from Rio de Janeiro after visiting his family. The prince, along with 227 other passengers, died when the aircraft crashed on 1 June 2009. His double-cousin Princess Alix of Ligne had planned to travel with him, but took an earlier flight instead. Pedro Luís's body was among those retrieved from the ocean and was buried in Vassouras
Vassouras
Vassouras is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. Its population was 33,206 and its area is 552 km².Vassouras is known for its colonial-era coffee farms, including Fazenda Santa Eufrasia ....
in the family's mausoleum on 5 July.
Ancestry
Patrilineal descent
Pedro Luís was a member of the House of Orléans-Braganza, a sub-branch of the House of BourbonHouse of Bourbon
The House of Bourbon is a European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty . Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Bourbon dynasty also held thrones in Spain, Naples, Sicily, and Parma...
, itself a branch of the House of Capet
House of Capet
The House of Capet, or The Direct Capetian Dynasty, , also called The House of France , or simply the Capets, which ruled the Kingdom of France from 987 to 1328, was the most senior line of the Capetian dynasty – itself a derivative dynasty from the Robertians. As rulers of France, the dynasty...
and of the Robertians.
Pedro Luís's patriline is the line from which he is descended father to son. It follows the Kings of France and Dukes of Bourbon. The line can be traced back more than 1,200 years and is one of the oldest in Europe.
- Robert I of Worms and Rheingau, d. 764
- Thuringbert of Worms and Rheingau
- Robert II of Worms and RheingauRobert of HesbayeRobert II, Rodbert or Chrodobert was a Frank, count of Worms and Rheingau and duke of Hesbaye around the year 800. His family is known as Robertians. His son was Robert III of Worms and his grandson was Robert the Strong. Robert of Hesbaye is the oldest known ancestor in the line of Robertians...
, 770 - 807 - Robert III of WormsRobert III of WormsRobert III , also called Rutpert, was the Count of Worms and Rheingau of the illustrious Frankish family called the Robertians. He was the son of Robert of Hesbaye....
and Rheingau, 808 - 834 - Robert IV the Strong, 820 - 866
- Robert I of FranceRobert I of FranceRobert I , King of Western Francia , was the younger son of Robert the Strong, count of Anjou, and the brother of Odo, who became king of the Western Franks in 888. West Francia evolved over time into France; under Odo, the capital was fixed on Paris, a large step in that direction...
, 866 - 923 - Hugh the GreatHugh the GreatHugh the Great or Hugues le Grand was duke of the Franks and count of Paris, son of King Robert I of France and nephew of King Odo. He was born in Paris, Île-de-France, France. His eldest son was Hugh Capet who became King of France in 987...
, 895 - 956 - Hugh Capet, 941 - 996
- Robert II of FranceRobert II of FranceRobert II , called the Pious or the Wise , was King of France from 996 until his death. The second reigning member of the House of Capet, he was born in Orléans to Hugh Capet and Adelaide of Aquitaine....
, 972 - 1031 - Henry I of FranceHenry I of FranceHenry I was King of France from 1031 to his death. The royal demesne of France reached its smallest size during his reign, and for this reason he is often seen as emblematic of the weakness of the early Capetians...
, 1008–1060 - Philip I of FrancePhilip I of FrancePhilip I , called the Amorous, was King of France from 1060 to his death. His reign, like that of most of the early Direct Capetians, was extraordinarily long for the time...
, 1053–1108 - Louis VI of FranceLouis VI of FranceLouis VI , called the Fat , was King of France from 1108 until his death . Chronicles called him "roi de Saint-Denis".-Reign:...
, 1081–1137 - Louis VII of FranceLouis VII of FranceLouis VII was King of France, the son and successor of Louis VI . He ruled from 1137 until his death. He was a member of the House of Capet. His reign was dominated by feudal struggles , and saw the beginning of the long rivalry between France and England...
, 1120–1180 - Philip II of FrancePhilip II of FrancePhilip II Augustus was the King of France from 1180 until his death. A member of the House of Capet, Philip Augustus was born at Gonesse in the Val-d'Oise, the son of Louis VII and his third wife, Adela of Champagne...
, 1165–1223 - Louis VIII of FranceLouis VIII of FranceLouis VIII the Lion reigned as King of France from 1223 to 1226. He was a member of the House of Capet. Louis VIII was born in Paris, France, the son of Philip II Augustus and Isabelle of Hainaut. He was also Count of Artois, inheriting the county from his mother, from 1190–1226...
, 1187–1226 - Louis IX of FranceLouis IX of FranceLouis IX , commonly Saint Louis, was King of France from 1226 until his death. He was also styled Louis II, Count of Artois from 1226 to 1237. Born at Poissy, near Paris, he was an eighth-generation descendant of Hugh Capet, and thus a member of the House of Capet, and the son of Louis VIII and...
, 1214–1270 - Robert, Count of ClermontRobert, Count of ClermontRobert of France was made Count of Clermont in 1268. He was son of King Louis IX of France and Margaret of Provence...
, 1256–1317 - Louis I, Duke of BourbonLouis I, Duke of BourbonLouis I de Bourbon, le Boiteux, the Lame was Count of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and La Marche, and the first Duke of Bourbon.-Life:...
, c. 1280 - 1342 - James I, Count of La MarcheJames I, Count of La MarcheJames of Bourbon-La Marche was the son of Louis I, Duke of Bourbon and Mary of Avesnes. He was Count of Ponthieu from 1351 to 1360, and Count of La Marche from 1356 to his death.-Hundred Years War:...
, 1315–1362 - John I, Count of La MarcheJohn I, Count of La MarcheJohn of Bourbon-La Marche , was the second son of James I, Count of La Marche and Jeanne of Châtillon.-Life:...
, 1344–1393 - Louis, Count of VendômeLouis, Count of VendômeLouis of Bourbon-La Marche , younger son of John I, Count of La Marche and Catherine de Vendôme, was Count of Vendôme from 1393 and Count of Castres from 1425 until his death....
, c. 1376 - 1446 - Jean VIII, Count of VendômeJean VIII, Count of VendômeJean de Bourbon was a French nobleman, son of Louis, Count of Vendôme. He was a courtier of King Charles VII of France and fought the English in Normandy and Guyenne. He attached himself to King Louis XI, but was not in his royal favor...
, 1428–1478 - François, Count of VendômeFrançois, Count of VendômeFrançois de Bourbon was a French nobleman. He was the Count of Vendôme.He was the son of Jean VIII, Count of Vendôme, and Isabelle de Beauveau. At his father's death when he was 7, he became Count of Vendôme...
, 1470–1495 - Charles de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme, 1489–1537
- Antoine of NavarreAntoine of NavarreAntoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme was head of the House of Bourbon from 1537 to 1562, and jure uxoris King of Navarre from 1555 to 1562.-Family:...
, 1518–1562 - Henry IV of FranceHenry IV of FranceHenry IV , Henri-Quatre, was King of France from 1589 to 1610 and King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610. He was the first monarch of the Bourbon branch of the Capetian dynasty in France....
, 1553–1610 - Louis XIII of FranceLouis XIII of FranceLouis XIII was a Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1610 to 1643.Louis was only eight years old when he succeeded his father. His mother, Marie de Medici, acted as regent during Louis' minority...
, 1601–1643 - Philippe I, Duke of OrléansPhilippe I, Duke of OrléansPhilippe of France was the youngest son of Louis XIII of France and his queen consort Anne of Austria. His older brother was the famous Louis XIV, le roi soleil. Styled Duke of Anjou from birth, Philippe became Duke of Orléans upon the death of his uncle Gaston, Duke of Orléans...
, 1640–1701 - Philippe II, Duke of OrléansPhilippe II, Duke of OrléansPhilippe d'Orléans was a member of the royal family of France and served as Regent of the Kingdom from 1715 to 1723. Born at his father's palace at Saint-Cloud, he was known from birth under the title of Duke of Chartres...
, 1674–1723 - Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans, 1703–1752
- Louis Philippe I, Duke of OrléansLouis Philippe I, Duke of OrléansLouis Philippe d'Orléans known as le Gros , was a French nobleman, a member of a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon, the dynasty then ruling France. The First Prince of the Blood after 1752, he was the most senior male at the French court after the immediate royal family. He was the father of...
, 1725–1785 - Louis Philippe II, Duke of OrléansLouis Philippe II, Duke of OrléansLouis Philippe Joseph d'Orléans commonly known as Philippe, was a member of a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon, the ruling dynasty of France. He actively supported the French Revolution and adopted the name Philippe Égalité, but was nonetheless guillotined during the Reign of Terror...
, 1747–1793 - Louis Philippe I, King of the French, 1773–1850
- Louis, Duke of NemoursLouis, Duke of NemoursPrince Louis of Orléans was the second son of the future King Louis-Philippe I of France, and his wife Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily. Under the reign of his father from 1830–1848, he was styled as Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours.-Childhood:He was born at the Palais Royal, in Paris...
, 1814–1896 - Gaston, comte d'EuGaston, comte d'EuGaston d'Orléans , the first son of Louis, the Duke of Nemours and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Kohary. His full name was Louis Philippe Marie Ferdinand Gaston d'Orléans; Portuguese: Luís Filipe Maria Fernando Gastão de Orleães...
, 1842–1922 - Prince Luís of Orléans-Braganza, 1878–1920
- Prince Pedro Henrique of Orléans-BraganzaPrince Pedro Henrique of Orléans-BraganzaPrince Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza , was a great-grandson of the last emperor of Brazil, Pedro II, and one of two claimants to the abolished throne.-Early life in Europe:...
, 1909–1981 - Prince Antônio of Orléans-BraganzaPrince Antonio of Orléans-BraganzaPrince Antônio of Orléans-Braganza , whose baptismal name is Antônio João Maria José Jorge Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga de Orléans e Bragança e Wittelsbach, is a member of the Imperial House of Brazil...
, 1950- - Prince Pedro Luís of Orléans-Braganza, 1983–2009
See also
- Empire of Brazil
- Brazilian Imperial Family
- Line of succession to the former Brazilian throne