Prince Sixtus of Bourbon-Parma
Encyclopedia
Prince Sixtus of Bourbon-Parma (given names: Sixtus Ferdinand Maria Ignazio Alfred Robert; Wartegg, Canton of St. Gallen
, Switzerland
, August 1, 1886 – Paris
, March 14, 1934) was a Prince of the Duchy of Parma
, a Belgian officer in the First World War, and the central figure in the Sixtus Affair
.
(1848–1907) and his second wife Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal
(1862–1959), daughter of King Miguel of Portugal
.
On March 14, 1919 Sixtus married in Paris
Hedwige de La Rochefoucauld (1896–1986), daughter of Armand de La Rochefoucauld, Duke of Doudeauville, and his wife Princess Louise Radziwill
. They had one daughter, princess Isabella Marie Antoinette Louise Hedwig (1922), who in 1943 married Count Roger Alexander Lucien de la Rochefoucauld (1915–1970, murdered), son of Count Pierre Paul (1887–1970) and his wife Henriette Marguerite Marie de la Roche (1892–1980).
During World War I
Sixtus and his brother Xavier
enlisted in the Belgian Army
. Several of their older brothers were officers in the Austrian Army. His sister Zita
married Archduke Charles of Austria, who became the Austrian Emperor on November 21, 1916.
In 1917, Emperor Charles I secretly entered into peace negotiations with France, with his brother-in-law Sixtus as intermediary, without the knowledge of his ally Germany. When news of the overture leaked in April 1918, Charles I denied involvement until the French prime minister Georges Clemenceau
published letters signed by him. This led to an even more dependent position of Austria with respect to its seemingly wronged German ally. This is known as the Sixtus Affair
.
presents Sixtus (played by Benedict Taylor
) and his brother Xavier (played by Matthew Wait) as Belgian officers in World War I who help the young Indiana Jones
.
Canton of St. Gallen
The Canton of St. Gallen is a canton of Switzerland. St. Gallen is located in the north east of Switzerland. It covers an area of 2,026 km², and has a population of . , the population included 97,461 foreigners, or about 20.9% of the total population. The capital is St. Gallen. Spelling...
, Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
, August 1, 1886 – Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, March 14, 1934) was a Prince of the Duchy of Parma
Duchy of Parma
The Duchy of Parma was created in 1545 from that part of the Duchy of Milan south of the Po River, as a fief for Pope Paul III's illegitimate son, Pier Luigi Farnese, centered on the city of Parma....
, a Belgian officer in the First World War, and the central figure in the Sixtus Affair
Sixtus Affair
The Sixtus Affair was a failed attempt by Emperor Charles I of Austria to conclude a separate peace with the allies in World War I. The affair was named after his brother-in-law and intermediary, Prince Sixtus of Bourbon-Parma....
.
Biography
Sixtus was a son of the last Duke of Parma, Robert IRobert I, Duke of Parma
Robert I was the last sovereign Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1854 to 1859, when the duchy was annexed to Sardinia-Piedmont during the unification of Italy...
(1848–1907) and his second wife Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal
Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal
Infanta Maria Antónia of Portugal was a Portuguese infanta, the seventh and last child of Miguel I of Portugal and Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg.-Infanta of...
(1862–1959), daughter of King Miguel of Portugal
Miguel of Portugal
Dom Miguel I, sometimes Michael , was the King of Portugal between 1828 and 1834, the seventh child and second son of King John VI and his queen, Charlotte of Spain....
.
On March 14, 1919 Sixtus married in Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
Hedwige de La Rochefoucauld (1896–1986), daughter of Armand de La Rochefoucauld, Duke of Doudeauville, and his wife Princess Louise Radziwill
Radziwill
The Radziwiłł family is an noble family of Lithuanian origin. The descendants of Kristinas Astikas, a close associate of the 14th century Lithuanian ruler Vytautas, were highly prominent for centuries, first in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, later in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the...
. They had one daughter, princess Isabella Marie Antoinette Louise Hedwig (1922), who in 1943 married Count Roger Alexander Lucien de la Rochefoucauld (1915–1970, murdered), son of Count Pierre Paul (1887–1970) and his wife Henriette Marguerite Marie de la Roche (1892–1980).
During World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
Sixtus and his brother Xavier
Xavier, Duke of Parma
Xavier, Duke of Parma and Piacenza, known before 1974 as Prince Xavier of Bourbon-Parma was the head of the ducal House of Bourbon-Parma, pretender to the defunct throne of Parma, and Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain under the name Javier I.-Early life:Xavier...
enlisted in the Belgian Army
Belgian Army
The Land Component is organised using the concept of capacities, whereby units are gathered together according to their function and material. Within this framework, there are five capacities: the command capacity, the combat capacity, the support capacity, the services capacity and the training...
. Several of their older brothers were officers in the Austrian Army. His sister Zita
Zita of Bourbon-Parma
Princess Zita of Bourbon-Parma was the wife of Emperor Charles of Austria...
married Archduke Charles of Austria, who became the Austrian Emperor on November 21, 1916.
In 1917, Emperor Charles I secretly entered into peace negotiations with France, with his brother-in-law Sixtus as intermediary, without the knowledge of his ally Germany. When news of the overture leaked in April 1918, Charles I denied involvement until the French prime minister Georges Clemenceau
Georges Clemenceau
Georges Benjamin Clemenceau was a French statesman, physician and journalist. He served as the Prime Minister of France from 1906 to 1909, and again from 1917 to 1920. For nearly the final year of World War I he led France, and was one of the major voices behind the Treaty of Versailles at the...
published letters signed by him. This led to an even more dependent position of Austria with respect to its seemingly wronged German ally. This is known as the Sixtus Affair
Sixtus Affair
The Sixtus Affair was a failed attempt by Emperor Charles I of Austria to conclude a separate peace with the allies in World War I. The affair was named after his brother-in-law and intermediary, Prince Sixtus of Bourbon-Parma....
.
Publications
- In Nordostarabien und Südmesopotamien: Vorbericht über die Forschungsreise 1912, with Alois Musil (Vienna: 1913).
- Le Traité d'Utrecht et les lois fondamentales du royaume (Paris: E. Champion, 1914). Reprinted (Paris: Communication & Tradition, 1998).
- L'offre de paix séparée de l'Autriche, 5 décembre 1916 - 12 octobre 1917 (Paris: Plon, 1920). English translation: Austria's Peace Offer, 1916-1917 (London: Constable, 1921).
- La dernière conquête du roi Alger, 1830 (Paris: Calmann-Lévy, 1930).
Ancestry
In fiction
The television series The Young Indiana Jones ChroniclesThe Young Indiana Jones Chronicles
The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles is an American television series that aired on ABC from March 4, 1992, to July 24, 1993. The series explores the childhood and youth of the fictional character Indiana Jones and primarily stars Sean Patrick Flanery and Corey Carrier as the title character, with...
presents Sixtus (played by Benedict Taylor
Benedict Taylor
Benedict Sean Taylor is a British actor. His adoptive sister is Femi Taylor...
) and his brother Xavier (played by Matthew Wait) as Belgian officers in World War I who help the young Indiana Jones
Indiana Jones
Colonel Henry Walton "Indiana" Jones, Jr., Ph.D. is a fictional character and the protagonist of the Indiana Jones franchise. George Lucas and Steven Spielberg created the character in homage to the action heroes of 1930s film serials...
.