Princess Tufa (died 423) was a princess of the Chinese

History of China

Chinese civilization originated in various regional centers along both the Yellow River and the Yangtze River valleys in the Neolithic era, but the Yellow River is said to be the Cradle of Chinese Civilization. With thousands of years of continuous history, China is one of the world's oldest...

/Xianbei

Xianbei

The Xianbei were a significant Mongolic nomadic people residing in Manchuria, Inner Mongolia and eastern Mongolia. The title “Khan” was first used among the Xianbei.-Origins:...

 state Western Qin

Western Qin

The Western Qin was a state of Xianbei ethnicity during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China. Note that the Western Qin is entirely distinct from the ancient Qin Dynasty, the Former Qin, and the Later Qin....

. Her husband was Qifu Chipan

Qifu Chipan

Qifu Chipan , formally Prince Wenzhao of Qin , was a prince of the Chinese/Xianbei state Western Qin. During his reign, Western Qin reached its prime after he destroyed and seized the territory of the rival state Southern Liang in 414, but it then began a gradual decline under attacks by Xia and...

 (Prince Wenzhao).

She was the daughter of Tufa Rutan

Tufa Rutan

Tufa Rutan , formally Prince Jing of Liang) , was the last prince of the Chinese/Xianbei state Southern Liang...

, the last prince of Southern Liang

Southern Liang

The Southern Liang was a state of the Sixteen Kingdoms during the Jin Dynasty in China. The founding family Tufa was of Xianbei ethnicity and distant relative of the Tuoba imperial house of Northern Wei...

. It is not completely clear when she married Qifu Chipan—it could have been around 400, when Qifu Chipan's father Qifu Gangui

Qifu Gangui

Qifu Gangui or Qifu Qiangui , formally Prince Wuyuan of Henan , was a prince of the Chinese/Xianbei state Western Qin. He was a brother of the founding prince, Qifu Guoren , who became prince after Qifu Guoren's death in 388 because Qifu Guoren's son Qifu Gongfu was considered too young for...

 (Prince Wuyuan) briefly surrendered to her uncle Tufa Lilugu

Tufa Lilugu

Tufa Lilugu , formally Prince Kang of Hexi , was a prince of the Chinese/Xianbei state Southern Liang. He was a younger brother of the founding prince Tufa Wugu . He was described as a capable ruler open to different opinions...

, then prince of Southern Liang and, after leaving Qifu Chipan and his brothers as hostages, fled to Later Qin

Later Qin

The Later Qin was a state of Qiang ethnicity of the Sixteen Kingdoms during the Jin Dynasty in China. Note that the Later Qin is entirely distinct from the ancient Qin Dynasty, the Former Qin, and the Western Qin....

. This could been hinted at when, later that year, when Qifu Chipan tried to flee to Later Qin to join his father but was recaptured by Tufa Lilugu, Tufa Rutan spoke against his execution. Further, when Qifu Chipan was finally successful in fleeing to Later Qin in 402, Tufa Rutan delivered his wife and children to him. However, it is also possible that she married Qifu Chipan only after Qifu Chipan finally destroyed Southern Liang in 414 and forced Tufa Rutan to surrender to him. In either case, in late 414, Qifu Chipan created her princess.

Qifu Chipan initially treated Tufa Rutan as an honored guest, but had him secretly poisoned in 415. Tufa Rutan, realizing what was happening, refused medical treatment to try to save his children. However, both Princess Tufa and her brother Tufa Hutai (禿髮虎台), Tufa Rutan's crown prince

Crown Prince

A crown prince or crown princess is the heir or heiress apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy. The wife of a crown prince is also titled crown princess....

, found out what happened, and they secretly planned to kill Qifu Chipan to avenge their father. In 423, however, their sister, who was Qifu Chipan's left consort, betrayed their plans to Qifu Chipan, and Qifu Chipan had her and Tufa Hutai executed.
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