Principality of Transylvania (1711–1867)
Encyclopedia
The Principality of Transylvania or Grand Principality of Transylvania (from 1765) was a province of the Habsburg Monarchy
and Austrian Empire
.
by the Treaty of Karlowitz
from 1699. From 1711 onward, Habsburg control over Transylvania was consolidated, and the princes of Transylvania were replaced with Habsburg imperial governors. In 1765 the Grand Principality of Transylvania was proclaimed, consolidating the special separate status of Transylvania within the Habsburg Monarchy, established by the Diploma Leopoldinum in 1691.
In 1851, the Transylvanian Military Frontier
(which existed from 1762) was abolished and included into Transylvania.
In the compromise (Ausgleich) of 1867 which established the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the special status of Transylvania ended and it came under the control of parliament of the Kingdom of Hungary
.
in the northwest, the Habsburg Bukovina
in the northeast, the Habsburg Military Frontier
in the southwest, and the United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia in southeast.
Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918. The Imperial capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was moved to Prague...
and Austrian Empire
Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire was a modern era successor empire, which was centered on what is today's Austria and which officially lasted from 1804 to 1867. It was followed by the Empire of Austria-Hungary, whose proclamation was a diplomatic move that elevated Hungary's status within the Austrian Empire...
.
History
The vassal Ottoman Principality of Transylvania was captured by Habsburgs and transferred to the Habsburg MonarchyHabsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918. The Imperial capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was moved to Prague...
by the Treaty of Karlowitz
Treaty of Karlowitz
The Treaty of Karlowitz was signed on 26 January 1699 in Sremski Karlovci , concluding the Austro-Ottoman War of 1683–1697 in which the Ottoman side had been defeated at the Battle of Zenta...
from 1699. From 1711 onward, Habsburg control over Transylvania was consolidated, and the princes of Transylvania were replaced with Habsburg imperial governors. In 1765 the Grand Principality of Transylvania was proclaimed, consolidating the special separate status of Transylvania within the Habsburg Monarchy, established by the Diploma Leopoldinum in 1691.
In 1851, the Transylvanian Military Frontier
Transylvanian Military Frontier
The Transylvanian Military Frontier was a territory in the Habsburg Monarchy. It was a section of the Habsburg Military Frontier.-History:It was founded in 1762 from territories that formerly were part of the Habsburg Principality of Transylvania...
(which existed from 1762) was abolished and included into Transylvania.
In the compromise (Ausgleich) of 1867 which established the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the special status of Transylvania ended and it came under the control of parliament of the Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
.
Borders
Before its abolition in 1867, the Principality of Transylvania bordered the Habsburg Kingdom of HungaryHabsburg Kingdom of Hungary
The term Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary can refer to the following provinces of the Habsburg Empire :*Kingdom of Hungary *Hungarian part of Austria-Hungary...
in the northwest, the Habsburg Bukovina
Bukovina
Bukovina is a historical region on the northern slopes of the northeastern Carpathian Mountains and the adjoining plains.-Name:The name Bukovina came into official use in 1775 with the region's annexation from the Principality of Moldavia to the possessions of the Habsburg Monarchy, which became...
in the northeast, the Habsburg Military Frontier
Military Frontier
The Military Frontier was a borderland of Habsburg Austria and later the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, which acted as the cordon sanitaire against incursions from the Ottoman Empire...
in the southwest, and the United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia in southeast.
Demographics
In 1790, population of Transylvania included:- 779,000 RomaniansRomaniansThe Romanians are an ethnic group native to Romania, who speak Romanian; they are the majority inhabitants of Romania....
(50.8%) - 466,000 Hungarians (30.4%)
- 220,000 GermansGermansThe Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....
(14.3%)
See also
- Principality of Transylvania (1571–1711)
- History of TransylvaniaHistory of TransylvaniaTransylvania is a historical region in the central part of the Romania. In ancient times it was part of the Dacian Kingdom and Roman Dacia. Since the 10th century, Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary...
- TransylvaniaTransylvaniaTransylvania is a historical region in the central part of Romania. Bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountain range, historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains; however, the term sometimes encompasses not only Transylvania proper, but also the historical...
- List of rulers of Transylvania
- Transylvanian Military FrontierTransylvanian Military FrontierThe Transylvanian Military Frontier was a territory in the Habsburg Monarchy. It was a section of the Habsburg Military Frontier.-History:It was founded in 1762 from territories that formerly were part of the Habsburg Principality of Transylvania...
