Prix Jules Janssen
Encyclopedia
The Prix Jules Janssen is the highest award of the French Astronomical Society
. Created in 1897 and awarded annually, it is usually given in alternate years to a French astronomer, and to an astronomer of another nationality. It is distinct from the Janssen Medal
(created 1886), which is awarded by the French Academy of Sciences. Both awards are named for the French astronomer Pierre Janssen (1824-1907) (better known as Jules Janssen).
Société Astronomique de France
The Société Astronomique de France is a French astronomical society that was founded by the astronomer Camille Flammarion....
. Created in 1897 and awarded annually, it is usually given in alternate years to a French astronomer, and to an astronomer of another nationality. It is distinct from the Janssen Medal
Janssen Medal (French Academy of Sciences)
The Janssen Medal is an astrophysics award presented by the French Academy of Sciences to those who have made advances in this area of science.The award was founded in 1886, though the first medal was not awarded until a year later...
(created 1886), which is awarded by the French Academy of Sciences. Both awards are named for the French astronomer Pierre Janssen (1824-1907) (better known as Jules Janssen).
Laureates
- 1897 - Camille FlammarionCamille FlammarionNicolas Camille Flammarion was a French astronomer and author. He was a prolific author of more than fifty titles, including popular science works about astronomy, several notable early science fiction novels, and several works about Spiritism and related topics. He also published the magazine...
- 1898 - Samuel Pierpont LangleySamuel Pierpont LangleySamuel Pierpont Langley was an American astronomer, physicist, inventor of the bolometer and pioneer of aviation...
- 1899 - Auguste CharloisAuguste CharloisAuguste Honoré Charlois was a French astronomer who discovered 99 asteroids while working in Nice.His first discovery was the asteroid 267 Tirza in 1887...
- 1900 - Pierre PuiseuxPierre PuiseuxPierre Henri Puiseux was a French astronomer.Born in Paris, son of Victor Puiseux, he was educated at the Ecole Normale Supérieure before starting work as an astronomer at the Paris Observatory in 1885....
- 1901 - Joseph Joachim Landerer, Thomas David AndersonThomas David AndersonThomas David Anderson was a Scottish amateur astronomer.He was born in Edinburgh. When he was five years old, his father showed him Comet Donati, and his nanny also gave him an interest in astronomy....
, and Henri ChrétienHenri ChrétienHenri Jacques Chrétien was a French astronomer and an inventor.Born in Paris, France, his most famous invention is the anamorphic widescreen process, that resulted in the CinemaScope, and the co-invention of the Ritchey-Chrétien telescope , which was anadvanced type of astronomical telescope, now... - 1902 - Sylvie Camille Flammarion
- 1903 - Michel GiacobiniMichel GiacobiniMichel Giacobini was a French astronomer.He discovered a number of comets, including 21P/Giacobini-Zinner , 41P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak, and 205P/Giacobini...
- 1904 - Percival LowellPercival LowellPercival Lawrence Lowell was a businessman, author, mathematician, and astronomer who fueled speculation that there were canals on Mars, founded the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, and formed the beginning of the effort that led to the discovery of Pluto 14 years after his death...
- 1905 - Josep Comas SolàJosep Comas SoláJosep Comas i Solà was a Catalan Spanish astronomer.He observed planets including Mars and Saturn, measuring the period of rotation of the latter...
- 1906 - Edward Emerson Barnard
- 1907 - Milan Rastislav ŠtefánikMilan Rastislav ŠtefánikMilan Rastislav Štefánik , Kingdom of Hungary – May 4, 1919 in Ivanka pri Dunaji, Czechoslovakia) was a Slovak politician, diplomat, and astronomer. During World War I, he was General of the French Army, at the same time the Czechoslovak Minister of War, one of the leading members of the...
- 1908 - Edward Charles PickeringEdward Charles PickeringEdward Charles Pickering was an American astronomer and physicist, brother of William Henry Pickering.Along with Carl Vogel, Pickering discovered the first spectroscopic binary stars. He wrote Elements of Physical Manipulations .Pickering attended Boston Latin School, and received his B.S. from...
- 1909 - William Henry PickeringWilliam Henry PickeringWilliam Henry Pickering was an American astronomer, brother of Edward Charles Pickering. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1883.-Work:...
- 1910 - Philip Herbert CowellPhilip Herbert CowellPhilip Herbert Cowell was a British astronomer.Philip Herbert Cowell was born in calcutta, India and educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge. He became second chief assistant at the Royal Greenwich Observatory in 1896 and later became the Superintendent of HM Nautical Almanac Office during...
and Andrew Crommelin - 1911 - Jean Bosler
- 1912 - Max WolfMax WolfMaximilian Franz Joseph Cornelius Wolf was a German astronomer and a pioneer in the field of astrophotography...
- 1913 - Alphonse Borrelly
- 1914 - Annibale RiccòAnnibale RiccoAnnibale Riccò was an Italian astronomer.He was born in Milan, Italy. In 1868 he was awarded a bachelors degree from the Università di Modena, then an engineering degree from the Politecnico di Milano...
- 1915 - not awarded
- 1916 - not awarded
- 1917 - George Ellery HaleGeorge Ellery HaleGeorge Ellery Hale was an American solar astronomer.-Biography:Hale was born in Chicago, Illinois. He was educated at MIT, at the Observatory of Harvard College, , and at Berlin . As an undergraduate at MIT, he is known for inventing the spectroheliograph, with which he made his discovery of...
- 1918 - G. Raymond
- 1919 - Guillaume BigourdanGuillaume BigourdanCamille Guillaume Bigourdan was a French astronomer.Bigourdan was born at Sistels, Tarn-et-Garonne. In 1877 he was appointed by Félix Tisserand as assistant astronomer at the Toulouse Observatory, and in 1879 followed Tisserand to the Paris Observatory when the latter became director there.He...
- 1920 - Henri-Alexandre DeslandresHenri-Alexandre DeslandresHenri Alexandre Deslandres was a French astronomer, director of the Meudon and Paris Observatories.Deslandres' undergraduate years at the École Polytechnique were played out against the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War and the chaos of the Paris Commune so, on graduation in 1874, he responded...
- 1921 - René Jarry-DeslogesRene Jarry-DeslogesRené Jarry-Desloges was a French amateur astronomer who worked at his own observatory.He observed the planets, and was able to confirm the rotational period of Mercury, which was first deduced by Giovanni Schiaparelli....
- 1922 - Albert Abraham MichelsonAlbert Abraham MichelsonAlbert Abraham Michelson was an American physicist known for his work on the measurement of the speed of light and especially for the Michelson-Morley experiment. In 1907 he received the Nobel Prize in Physics...
- 1923 - Aymar de la Baume Pluvinel
- 1924 - George Willis RitcheyGeorge Willis RitcheyGeorge Willis Ritchey was an American optician and telescope maker and astronomer born at Tuppers Plains, Ohio....
- 1925 - Eugène Michel AntoniadiEugène Michel AntoniadiEugène Michel Antoniadi was a Greek astronomer, born in Asia Minor, who spent most of his life in France. He was also known as Eugenios Antoniadis...
- 1926 - Walter Sydney AdamsWalter Sydney AdamsWalter Sydney Adams was an American astronomer.-Life and work:He was born in Antioch, Syria to missionary parents, and was brought to the U.S. in 1885 He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1898, then continued his education in Germany...
- 1927 - Gustave-Auguste FerriéGustave-Auguste FerriéGustave-Auguste Ferrié was a French radio pioneer and army general.- Biography :Ferrié was born in Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne, Savoie...
- 1928 - Arthur Stanley EddingtonArthur Stanley EddingtonSir Arthur Stanley Eddington, OM, FRS was a British astrophysicist of the early 20th century. He was also a philosopher of science and a popularizer of science...
- 1929 - Charles FabryCharles FabryMaurice Paul Auguste Charles Fabry FMRS was a French physicist.-Life:Fabry graduated from the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris and received his doctorate from the University of Paris in 1892, for his work on interference fringes, which established him as an authority in the field of optics and...
- 1930 - Robert Esnault-PelterieRobert Esnault-PelterieRobert Albert Charles Esnault-Pelterie was a pioneering French aircraft designer and spaceflight theorist. He was born in Paris, the son of a textile industrialist...
- 1931 - Albert EinsteinAlbert EinsteinAlbert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of general relativity, effecting a revolution in physics. For this achievement, Einstein is often regarded as the father of modern physics and one of the most prolific intellects in human history...
- 1932 - Bernard LyotBernard LyotBernard Ferdinand Lyot was a French astronomer.His interest in astronomy started in 1914. He soon acquired a telescope and soon upgraded to a . From graduation in 1918 until 1929, he worked as a demonstrator at the Ecole Polytechnique...
- 1933 - Harlow ShapleyHarlow ShapleyHarlow Shapley was an American astronomer.-Career:He was born on a farm in Nashville, Missouri, and dropped out of school with only the equivalent of a fifth-grade education...
- 1934 - Willem de SitterWillem de SitterWillem de Sitter was a Dutch mathematician, physicist and astronomer.-Life and work:Born in Sneek, De Sitter studied mathematics at the University of Groningen and then joined the Groningen astronomical laboratory. He worked at the Cape Observatory in South Africa...
- 1935 - Ernest EsclangonErnest EsclangonErnest Benjamin Esclangon was a French astronomer and mathematician.Born in Mison, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, in 1895 he started to study mathematics at the École Normale Supérieure, graduating in 1898...
- 1936 - Georges LemaîtreGeorges LemaîtreMonsignor Georges Henri Joseph Édouard Lemaître was a Belgian priest, astronomer and professor of physics at the Catholic University of Louvain. He was the first person to propose the theory of the expansion of the Universe, widely misattributed to Edwin Hubble...
- 1937 - Giorgio AbettiGiorgio AbettiGiorgio Abetti was an Italian solar astronomer.He was born in Padua, the son of noted astronomer Antonio Abetti. He was educated at the Universities of Padua and of Rome....
- 1938 - Jules BaillaudJules BaillaudJules Baillaud is a French astronomer. Initially assistant astronomer in Lyon and at the Paris observatory: assistant astronomer until 1925, he went on as astronomer from 1925 to 1947. From 1937 to 1947 he was also the director of the Pic du Midi observatory and directed the Carte du Ciel from...
- 1939 - A. Arnulf
- 1940 - not awarded
- 1941 - not awarded
- 1942 - not awarded
- 1943 - not awarded
- 1944 - not awarded
- 1945 - Harold Spencer JonesHarold Spencer JonesSir Harold Spencer Jones KBE FRS was an English astronomer. Although born "Jones", his surname became "Spencer Jones"....
- 1946 - Charles Maurain, Fernand BaldetFernand BaldetFernand Baldet was a French astronomer.He worked with Count Aymar de la Baume Pluvinel observing Mars from the newly built observatory on Pic du Midi in 1909...
- 1947 - Jan Hendrik Oort
- 1948 - Lucien Henri d'Azambuja
- 1949 - Bertil LindbladBertil LindbladBertil Lindblad Bertil Lindblad Bertil Lindblad (Örebro, 26 November 1895 – Saltsjöbaden (outside Stockholm, 25 June 1965) was a Swedish astronomer.After finishing his secondary education at Örebro högre allmänna läroverk, Lindblad matriculated at Uppsala University in 1914...
- 1950 - André-Louis Danjon
- 1951 - Gerard Peter Kuiper
- 1952 - Frederick John Marrian Stratton
- 1953 - André CouderAndré CouderAndré Couder was a French optician and astronomer. From 1925, he worked in the optics laboratory of the Paris Observatory. Between 1952 and 1958 he was vice-president of the International Astronomical Union....
- 1954 - Otto StruveOtto StruveOtto Struve was a Russian astronomer. In Russian, his name is sometimes given as Otto Lyudvigovich Struve ; however, he spent most of his life and his entire scientific career in the United States...
- 1955 - André LallemandAndré LallemandAndré Lallemand was a French astronomer and director of the Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris.Lallemand made important contributions to the development of photomultipliers for astronomical use and the "electronic telescope" . He was awarded the Eddington Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in...
- 1956 - Viktor Ambartsumian
- 1957 - Daniel ChalongeDaniel ChalongeDaniel Chalonge was a French astronomer and astrophysicist. Born in Grenoble, Chalonge worked as an astronomer at the Observatoire de Paris, the Observatoire d'Haute Provence and the Swiss Jungfraujoch Scientific Station...
- 1958 - Pol SwingsPol SwingsPol F. Swings was a Belgian astrophysicist who was known for his studies of the composition and structure of stars and comets. He used spectroscopy to identify the elements in astronomical bodies, and, in particular, comets...
- 1959 - Charles FehrenbachCharles Fehrenbach (astronomer)Charles Fehrenbach was a French astronomer and member of the French Academy of Sciences. He was director of the Observatoire de Haute Provence until 1983....
- 1960 - Albert Edward Whitford
- 1961 - J. Coulomb
- 1962 - Otto HeckmannOtto HeckmannOtto Hermann Leopold Heckmann was a German astronomer.He directed the Hamburg Observatory from 1941 to 1962, after which he became the first director of the European Southern Observatory. , Otto Heckmann He actively contributed to the creation of the third issue of the Astronomische Gesellschaft...
- 1963 - Jean DufayJean DufayJean Claude Barthélemy Dufay was a French astronomer.During his career he studied nebulae, interstellar matter, the night sky and cometary physics. In 1925, while working in collaboration with Jean Cabannes, he computed the altitude of the Earth's ozone layer...
- 1964 - Guglielmo Righini
- 1965 - Jean-François Denisse
- 1966 - Marcel Gilles Jozef Minnaert
- 1967 - Jean-Claude PeckerJean-Claude PeckerJean-Claude Pecker is a French astronomer, member of the Académie des sciences, and former director of the Nice Observatory. He served as the secretary-general of the International Astronomical Union from 1964 to 1967. He was awarded the Prix Jules Janssen of the French Astronomical Society in...
- 1968 - Karl-Otto KiepenheuerKarl-Otto KiepenheuerKarl-Otto Kiepenheuer was a German astronomer and astrophysicist. His research focused on the Sun, and for that purpose he initiated construction of several solar telescopes and founded the Kiepenheuer Institute for Solar Physics.-Life and work:Kiepenheuer was born in 1910 in Weimar, Germany, as a...
- 1969 - Nicolas Stoyko
- 1970 - Martin SchwarzschildMartin SchwarzschildMartin Schwarzschild was a German American astronomer. He was the son of famed astrophysicist Karl Schwarzschild and the nephew of the Swiss astrophysicist Robert Emden.-Biography:...
- 1971 - Jean Rösch
- 1972 - Donald Harry Sadler
- 1973 - Évry SchatzmanÉvry SchatzmanEvry Léon Schatzman was a French astrophysicist.His father, Benjamin Schatzman, was a dentist born in Tulcea, Romania and emigrated at a young age with his family in Palestine. Schatzman began his studies at the École Normale Supérieure in November 1939...
- 1974 - Walter Ernst Fricke
- 1975 - Pierre Lacroute
- 1976 - Donald Howard MenzelDonald Howard MenzelDonald Howard Menzel was one of the first theoretical astronomers and astrophysicists in the US. He discovered the physical properties of the solar chromosphere, the chemistry of stars, the atmosphere of Mars, and the nature of gaseous neblulae.-Biography:Born in Florence, Colorado in 1901 and...
- 1977 - James Lequeux
- 1978 - Adriaan Blaauw
- 1979 - Jean Kovalevsky
- 1980 - Lyman SpitzerLyman SpitzerLyman Strong Spitzer, Jr. was an American theoretical physicist and astronomer best known for his research in star formation, plasma physics, and in 1946, for conceiving the idea of telescopes operating in outer space...
- 1981 - G. Courtés
- 1982 - Peter van de KampPeter van de KampPiet van de Kamp , known as Peter van de Kamp in the United States, was a Dutch astronomer who lived most of his life in the United States. He was professor of astronomy at Swarthmore College and director of the college's Sproul Observatory from 1937 until 1972...
- 1983 - Jacques LévyJacques LevyJacques Levy was an American songwriter, theatre director, and clinical psychologist.Levy was born in New York City in 1935, and attended its City College. He received a doctorate in psychology from Michigan State University. Levy was a trained psychoanalyst, certified by the Menninger Institute...
and Charles Bertaud - 1984 - Cornelis de JagerCornelis de Jager-Education:He spent his school years in the Dutch East Indies. From 1939 to 1945 he studied mathematics, physics and astronomy at Utrecht University. On 13 October 1952 he obtained his Ph. D. with a thesis called 'The Hydrogen Spectrum of the Sun'...
- 1985 - Paul Muller
- 1986 - Marcel Golay
- 1987 - Jean Delhaye
- 1988 - Gérard de VaucouleursGérard de Vaucouleurs-External links:* * http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/normal_galaxies.html-Other resources:...
- 1989 -
- 1990 - Herbert Friedmann
- 1991 - Pierre Mein
- 1992 - Luboš PerekLuboš PerekLuboš Perek is a Czech astronomer, born in 1919.He is most renowned for his Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae with Luboš Kohoutek in 1967...
- 1993 - Audouin DollfusAudouin DollfusAudouin Charles Dollfus was a French astronomer and aeronaut, specialist in studies of the solar system and discoverer of Janus, a moon of Saturn.-Astronomical Career and Research:...
- 1994 - Edith Müller
- 1995 - François Roddier
- 1996 - Michael Perryman
- 1997 - Elizabeth Nesme and Serge Koutchmy
- 1998 - Michel MayorMichel MayorDr. Michel G. E. Mayor is a Swiss astrophysicist and professor emeritus at the University of Geneva's Department of Astronomy. He formally retired in 2007, but remains active as a researcher at the Observatory of Geneva...
- 1999 - Pierre Léna
- 2000 - Reinhard GenzelReinhard GenzelReinhard Genzel is a German astrophysicist.-Life:Genzel studied physics at the University of Bonn where he did his PhD in 1978 and, in the same year, his OhD thesis on radioastronomy at the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy...
- 2001 - Roger CayrelRoger CayrelRoger Victor Emile Cayrel is a French astronomer. His main interests are stellar atmospheres, galactic chemical evolution and metal-poor stars....
- 2002 - Armand H. Delsemme
- 2003 - Jean-Paul Zahn
- 2004 - Jayant Narlikar
- 2005 - Roger-Maurice Bonnet
- 2006 - Owen GingerichOwen GingerichDr. Owen Jay Gingerich is a former Research Professor of Astronomy and of the History of Science at Harvard University, and a senior astronomer emeritus at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory...
- 2007 - Thérèse Encrenaz and Paul Couteau
- 2008 - Jan Stenflo
- 2009 - Catherine CesarskyCatherine CesarskyCatherine Jeanne Cesarsky is a French astronomer currently residing in Germany, known for her successful research activities in several central areas of modern astrophysics. She was formerly president of the International Astronomical Union...
- 2010 - Carlton PennypackerCarlton PennypackerCarlton "Carl" R. Pennypacker is an astrophysicist at the University of California at Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and is the principal investigator for the Hands On Universe project....