Procedural modeling
Encyclopedia
Procedural modeling is an umbrella term for a number of techniques in computer graphics
to create 3D models and textures
from sets of rules. L-System
s, fractal
s, and generative modeling
are procedural modeling techniques since they apply algorithm
s for producing scenes. The set of rules may either be embedded into the algorithm, configurable by parameters, or the set of rules is separate from the evaluation engine. The output is called procedural content, which can be used in computer games, films, be uploaded to the internet, or the user may edit the content manually. Procedural models often exhibit database amplification, meaning that large scenes can be generated from a much smaller amount of rules. If the employed algorithm produces the same output every time, the output need not be stored. Often, it suffices to start the algorithm with the same random seed to achieve this.
Although all modeling techniques on a computer require algorithms to manage and store data at some point, procedural modeling focuses on creating a model from a rule set, rather than editing the model via user input.
Procedural modeling is often applied when it would be too cumbersome to create a 3D model using generic 3D modelers, or when more specialized tools are required. This is often the case for plants, architecture or landscapes.
Computer graphics
Computer graphics are graphics created using computers and, more generally, the representation and manipulation of image data by a computer with help from specialized software and hardware....
to create 3D models and textures
Texture mapping
Texture mapping is a method for adding detail, surface texture , or color to a computer-generated graphic or 3D model. Its application to 3D graphics was pioneered by Dr Edwin Catmull in his Ph.D. thesis of 1974.-Texture mapping:...
from sets of rules. L-System
L-system
An L-system or Lindenmayer system is a parallel rewriting system, namely a variant of a formal grammar, most famously used to model the growth processes of plant development, but also able to model the morphology of a variety of organisms...
s, fractal
Fractal
A fractal has been defined as "a rough or fragmented geometric shape that can be split into parts, each of which is a reduced-size copy of the whole," a property called self-similarity...
s, and generative modeling
Generative Modelling Language
Generative Modelling Language in computer graphics and generative computer programming is a very simple programming language for the concise description of complex 3D shapes...
are procedural modeling techniques since they apply algorithm
Algorithm
In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite list of well-defined instructions for calculating a function. Algorithms are used for calculation, data processing, and automated reasoning...
s for producing scenes. The set of rules may either be embedded into the algorithm, configurable by parameters, or the set of rules is separate from the evaluation engine. The output is called procedural content, which can be used in computer games, films, be uploaded to the internet, or the user may edit the content manually. Procedural models often exhibit database amplification, meaning that large scenes can be generated from a much smaller amount of rules. If the employed algorithm produces the same output every time, the output need not be stored. Often, it suffices to start the algorithm with the same random seed to achieve this.
Although all modeling techniques on a computer require algorithms to manage and store data at some point, procedural modeling focuses on creating a model from a rule set, rather than editing the model via user input.
Procedural modeling is often applied when it would be too cumbersome to create a 3D model using generic 3D modelers, or when more specialized tools are required. This is often the case for plants, architecture or landscapes.
Procedural modeling suites
- Acropora
- BRL-CADBRL-CADBRL-CAD is a constructive solid geometry solid modeling computer-aided design system. It includes an interactive geometry editor, ray tracing support for graphics rendering and geometric analysis, computer network distributed framebuffer support, scripting, image-processing and signal-processing...
- BryceBryce (software)Bryce is a 3D modeling, rendering and animation program specializing in fractal landscapes. The name is taken from Bryce Canyon—a rugged region with many of the same landscapes that were first simulated with the software.- History :...
- CityEngineCityEngineCityEngine, is a 3D modeling application specialized in the generation of three dimensional urban environments. With the procedural modeling approach, CityEngine enables the efficient creation of detailed large-scale 3D city models with merely a few clicks of the mouse instead of the time...
- CityScape
- Derivative Touch Designer
- Generative Modelling LanguageGenerative Modelling LanguageGenerative Modelling Language in computer graphics and generative computer programming is a very simple programming language for the concise description of complex 3D shapes...
- GromeGromeGrome is an environmental modeling package developed by Quad Software dedicated for procedural and manual generation of large virtual outdoor worlds suitable for games and other 3D real-time simulation applications.- History :...
- HoudiniHoudini (software)Houdini is a high-end 3D animation package developed by Side Effects Software which is headquartered in Toronto, Canada. It is a rewrite of the PRISMS ecosystem of standalone tools. Its chief distinction from other packages is that it has been designed as a purely procedural environment...
- Softimage
- TerragenTerragenTerragen is a scenery generator program for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X developed and published by Planetside Software. It can be used to create renderings and animations of landscapes.-History:...
External links
- "AL: Animation Language", Stephen May, Wayne Carlson, Flip Phillips, Ferdi Scheepers. 1996
- "Texturing and Modeling: A Procedural Approach", Ebert, D., Musgrave, K., Peachey, P., Perlin, K., and Worley, S
- Procedural Inc.
- CityEngine
- "Procedural Modeling of Cities", Yoav I H Parish, Pascal Müller
- "Procedural Modeling of Buildings", Pascal Müller, Peter Wonka, Simon Haegler, Andreas Ulmer and Luc Van Gool
- "King Kong – The Building of 1933 New York City", Chris White, Weta Digital. Siggraph 2006.
- plab
- " An Integrated Framework for Procedural Modeling", Björn Ganster, Reinhard Klein, SCCG 2007
- Tree Editors Compared: