A prosecution association was an organization of citizens, typically in the same community, who paid dues to cover one another's costs of privately prosecuting offenders should a crime be committed against them.

These were particularly popular in places and times when there was no public police force (the first public police force in Britain was established in 1829) and when citizens were allowed to prosecute offenders directly rather than relying on public prosecutors. The prosecution associations sometimes also provided crime insurance

Crime insurance

Crime insurance is insurance to cover losses due to victimization by criminals. It's also called "fidelity insurance." Many businesses purchase crime insurance that allows them to file claims for employee theft or other offenses with the potential to cause financial ruin.Insurance companies sell...

to their members, and would go after offenders in an effort to obtain restitution.