Protected areas of Ukraine
Encyclopedia
Protected areas of Ukraine are the areas created with the goal to protect nature and cultural heritage from excessive changes as a result of human activity on territory of Ukraine
. The protection of the areas is responsibility of the government of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine
.
The governing body for organization, protection, and use of the Nature-Preservation Fund is the central state executive body in protection of the surrounding natural environment (since 2010 the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine) which designated the State Service for Nature Preservation as its specialized department. The governing body for organization, protection, and use of all recorded preserves, museums, and objects of cultural heritage is the central state executive body of culture (since 2010 the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine), which designated Derzhkultspadshchyna (abbreviated for the State Cultural Heritage) as its specialized department for such preservation.
Beside the Ministry of Culture the cultural preservation in Ukraine is also conducted by museums which may or not be state-owned. A statute of museums is different from the government agency Derzhkultspadshchyna and regulated by a special law on museums. Museums that are part of a cultural preserve fall under the jurisdiction of the government and are supervised by Derzhkultspadshchyna. Separate museum objects and collections that are constantly kept on the territory of Ukraine regardless of their origin and ownership as well as the museum objects and collections, that are located outside of Ukraine and are property of Ukraine or subject to return, according to the international laws, are part of the Museum Fund of Ukraine. Museum Fund of Ukraine may or not be part of state program for preservation of cultural heritage.
The preservation of cultural heritage and natural environment in the Zone of alienation
is exclusive and conducted by the administration of that zone which is under jurisdiction of the Ministry of Emergencies.
s). The total area of PZF in Ukraine consists of 3268000 ha (8,075,396.7 acre) or around 5.4% of the total area in the country. The most represented categories of the PZF are regional nature reserves which account for over third of the Nature-Preservation Find and national nature parks which are about quarter of it. The least represented are botanic gardens and zoos. In 2010 the Ministry of Ukraine in Environmental Protection through the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine
developed and sent out for the parliamentary review a proposition for development of the national ecological program for nature preservation on period until 2020, which would increase the PZF of Ukraine twice.
The Nature-Preservation Fund consists of parts of land and water areas, the nature complexes and objects of which carry special nature-protecting, scientific, aesthetic, recreational and other value and are outlined in order to preserve the natural variety of landscapes, the gene pool
of fauna and flora, supporting general ecological balance, and providing background environmental monitoring. Thereby the law of Ukraine the nature-sanctuary fund is protected as a national heritage for which there has established special regime of protection, recreation, and use. Ukraine reviews such fund as an integral part of the global system of natural areas and objects that are under special protection.
Nature reserves, natural monuments, botanic gardens, arboreta, zoological parks, and park architecture monuments depending on their ecological and scientific, historically cultural value maybe a state-wide or local importance.
Depending on origin of other features of natural complexes and objects that were declared preserves or natural monuments on purpose and necessary regime of protection:
Regional landscape parks, zones (buffer, anthropogenic
landscapes, regulated preservation regime) of biosphere preserves, other lands and natural resources (included, but not assigned) of national nature parks, nature reserves, natural monuments, protected tracts, botanical gardens, arboreta, zoological parks, park architecture monuments may be property of Ukrainian people as well as any other forms of property provided by legislation of Ukraine.
Botanical gardens, arboreta, and zoological parks created before June 16, 1992 are not subject to privatization.
In case of change of form of property on land where located nature reserves, natural monuments, protected tracts, park architecture monuments the landowners are required to ensure the regime of their protection and preservation with a respective reregistration of conservation obligation.
Nature preserves, biosphere preserves, national nature parks, botanic gardens, arboreta, zoological parks of state-wide importance as well as regional landscape parks are legal entities.
Botanic gardens, arboreta, zoological parks of local importance and park architecture monuments may be recognized as legal entities in respect to the legislation of Ukraine.
There are following types of objects of cultural heritage:
Form of property on a treasury that is considered a monument (attraction) is defined by the Civil Codex of Ukraine. In a document that certifies the form of property on a monument are indicated category of the monument, date and the number of decision for its state registration.
Lands where located monuments of archeology are property of state or withdrawn (sold) to state in the established by law order, excluding the land plots with the monument of archeology as fields of ancient battles.
. Any urban, architectural, and landscape transformations as well as building, meliorative, road construction, and any excavations without the permission of the respective authority for protection of cultural heritage is prohibited.
Complex (ensemble) of monuments with its entire collection of components that carry cultural, historic, and scientific value, specially, planned, and functionally allocated within the structure of a populated settlement or localized outside of it, maybe declared a historic-cultural preserve of state or local importance. Historic-cultural preserved territory is declared a historically formed territory, within which remained significant number of objects of cultural heritage.
Internet sites on information about the protected areas
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
. The protection of the areas is responsibility of the government of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine
Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine
The Cabinet of Ukraine is the highest body of state executive power in Ukraine also referred to as the Government of Ukraine...
.
General Information
There are two separate ministries with the Cabinet of Ministers that administer preservation of protected areas on the national scale, while local preservation is conducted through the regional State Administrations. The protected areas or landmarks mainly carry either cultural or environmental values. The environmentally protected areas and objects in Ukraine are designed into the Nature Preservation Fund (PZF, "Природно-заповідний фонд України") which includes national parks, preserves (sanctuaries), landmarks of nature, biosphere preserves, and others. Areas and objects of cultural heritage as well as the Museum Fund of Ukraine are also protected. The preservation of these areas and objects are supervised by different government ministries that designate special agencies for preservation (services). All objects of cultural heritage are recorded into the State Registry for Fixed Landmarks of Ukriane (sometimes - simply as the Registry).The governing body for organization, protection, and use of the Nature-Preservation Fund is the central state executive body in protection of the surrounding natural environment (since 2010 the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine) which designated the State Service for Nature Preservation as its specialized department. The governing body for organization, protection, and use of all recorded preserves, museums, and objects of cultural heritage is the central state executive body of culture (since 2010 the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine), which designated Derzhkultspadshchyna (abbreviated for the State Cultural Heritage) as its specialized department for such preservation.
Beside the Ministry of Culture the cultural preservation in Ukraine is also conducted by museums which may or not be state-owned. A statute of museums is different from the government agency Derzhkultspadshchyna and regulated by a special law on museums. Museums that are part of a cultural preserve fall under the jurisdiction of the government and are supervised by Derzhkultspadshchyna. Separate museum objects and collections that are constantly kept on the territory of Ukraine regardless of their origin and ownership as well as the museum objects and collections, that are located outside of Ukraine and are property of Ukraine or subject to return, according to the international laws, are part of the Museum Fund of Ukraine. Museum Fund of Ukraine may or not be part of state program for preservation of cultural heritage.
The preservation of cultural heritage and natural environment in the Zone of alienation
Zone of alienation
The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Zone, which is sometimes referred to as The Chernobyl Zone, The 30 Kilometer Zone, The Zone of Alienation, or simply The Zone The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Zone, which is sometimes referred to as The Chernobyl Zone, The 30 Kilometer Zone, The Zone of...
is exclusive and conducted by the administration of that zone which is under jurisdiction of the Ministry of Emergencies.
Brief overlook
In 1995 there was created the Main Directory of National Nature Parks and Nature Preservation that specifically supervised the protected areas of the country. In 2001 the directory was reorganized into the State Service for Nature Preservation. The most important out of those objects are natural preserves (zapovedniks), national nature parks, nature reserves (zakaznikZakaznik
Zakaznik is a type of protected area in Russia and other former Soviet republics such as Ukraine that meets World Conservation Union's category III, or more frequently category VII criteria....
s). The total area of PZF in Ukraine consists of 3268000 ha (8,075,396.7 acre) or around 5.4% of the total area in the country. The most represented categories of the PZF are regional nature reserves which account for over third of the Nature-Preservation Find and national nature parks which are about quarter of it. The least represented are botanic gardens and zoos. In 2010 the Ministry of Ukraine in Environmental Protection through the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine
Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine
The Cabinet of Ukraine is the highest body of state executive power in Ukraine also referred to as the Government of Ukraine...
developed and sent out for the parliamentary review a proposition for development of the national ecological program for nature preservation on period until 2020, which would increase the PZF of Ukraine twice.
The Nature-Preservation Fund consists of parts of land and water areas, the nature complexes and objects of which carry special nature-protecting, scientific, aesthetic, recreational and other value and are outlined in order to preserve the natural variety of landscapes, the gene pool
Gene pool
In population genetics, a gene pool is the complete set of unique alleles in a species or population.- Description :A large gene pool indicates extensive genetic diversity, which is associated with robust populations that can survive bouts of intense selection...
of fauna and flora, supporting general ecological balance, and providing background environmental monitoring. Thereby the law of Ukraine the nature-sanctuary fund is protected as a national heritage for which there has established special regime of protection, recreation, and use. Ukraine reviews such fund as an integral part of the global system of natural areas and objects that are under special protection.
Classification
To the Nature-Preservation Fund of Ukraine belong:- Natural areas and objects: nature preserves, biosphere preserves, national nature parks, regional landscape parks, nature reserves, natural monuments, protected tracts;
- Artificially created objects: botanic gardens, arboreta, zoological parks, park architecture monuments.
Nature reserves, natural monuments, botanic gardens, arboreta, zoological parks, and park architecture monuments depending on their ecological and scientific, historically cultural value maybe a state-wide or local importance.
Depending on origin of other features of natural complexes and objects that were declared preserves or natural monuments on purpose and necessary regime of protection:
- nature reserves are divided on landscaping, forestry, botanical, generally-zoological, ornithologicalOrnithologyOrnithology is a branch of zoology that concerns the study of birds. Several aspects of ornithology differ from related disciplines, due partly to the high visibility and the aesthetic appeal of birds...
, entomological, ichthyological, hydrological, generally-geological, paleontological, karstKARSTKilometer-square Area Radio Synthesis Telescope is a Chinese telescope project to which FAST is a forerunner. KARST is a set of large spherical reflectors on karst landforms, which are bowlshaped limestone sinkholes named after the Kras region in Slovenia and Northern Italy. It will consist of...
-speleologicalSpeleologySpeleology is the scientific study of caves and other karst features, their make-up, structure, physical properties, history, life forms, and the processes by which they form and change over time...
; - natural monuments are divided on complex, botanical, zoological, hydrological, and geological.
Forms of property
Territories of nature preserves, preserved zones of biosphere preserves, land and other natural resources given to the national nature parks are property of Ukrainian people.Regional landscape parks, zones (buffer, anthropogenic
Anthropogenic
Human impact on the environment or anthropogenic impact on the environment includes impacts on biophysical environments, biodiversity and other resources. The term anthropogenic designates an effect or object resulting from human activity. The term was first used in the technical sense by Russian...
landscapes, regulated preservation regime) of biosphere preserves, other lands and natural resources (included, but not assigned) of national nature parks, nature reserves, natural monuments, protected tracts, botanical gardens, arboreta, zoological parks, park architecture monuments may be property of Ukrainian people as well as any other forms of property provided by legislation of Ukraine.
Botanical gardens, arboreta, and zoological parks created before June 16, 1992 are not subject to privatization.
In case of change of form of property on land where located nature reserves, natural monuments, protected tracts, park architecture monuments the landowners are required to ensure the regime of their protection and preservation with a respective reregistration of conservation obligation.
Legal basis of functioning
Objective, scientific profile, nature of operation and regime of the territories and objects of the PZF are defined in the provisions on them, developed in accordance with this Law and approved:- central body of executive power in the sphere of Environmental Protection for the territories and objects of the Nature-Preservation Fund of national importance;
- local bodies of the central body of executive power in the sphere of Environmental Protection for the territories and objects of the Nature-Preservation Fund of national importance.
Nature preserves, biosphere preserves, national nature parks, botanic gardens, arboreta, zoological parks of state-wide importance as well as regional landscape parks are legal entities.
Botanic gardens, arboreta, zoological parks of local importance and park architecture monuments may be recognized as legal entities in respect to the legislation of Ukraine.
Classification
There are three major classes for objects of cultural heritage.- structures (creations) - individually standing compositions of architectural and engineering art, compositions of monumental sculpturing and monumental painting, archeological objects, caves with existing evidence of human activity (building or quarters in them that preserved an authentic evidence about prominent historical events, life and work of known individuals);
- complexes (ensembles) - unified or separate topographically defined set of objects of cultural heritage among each other;
- prominent sites (points of interest) - zones or landscapes, nature-anthropogenic creations that brought to our time a value from an archeological, aesthetic, ethnological, historical, architectural, creative, scientific, or artistic perspective. (See List of historic reserves in Ukraine)
There are following types of objects of cultural heritage:
- archeological
- historical
- of monumental art
- of architecture
- of urban development
- of park architecture
- landscape
- of science and technology
Forms of property
All monuments except monuments of archeology may be a property of state, community, or individual. All monuments of archeology including the ones that are underwater along with any movable objects related to them are a state property. Such movable objects are attributed to the state part of Museum Fund of Ukraine, and subject for registration and preservation in accordance with law.Form of property on a treasury that is considered a monument (attraction) is defined by the Civil Codex of Ukraine. In a document that certifies the form of property on a monument are indicated category of the monument, date and the number of decision for its state registration.
Lands where located monuments of archeology are property of state or withdrawn (sold) to state in the established by law order, excluding the land plots with the monument of archeology as fields of ancient battles.
Organization of objects of cultural heritage
In order to protect the traditional nature of the environment of populated places they recorded in the List of historical populated sites of Ukraine which is approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of UkraineCabinet of Ministers of Ukraine
The Cabinet of Ukraine is the highest body of state executive power in Ukraine also referred to as the Government of Ukraine...
. Any urban, architectural, and landscape transformations as well as building, meliorative, road construction, and any excavations without the permission of the respective authority for protection of cultural heritage is prohibited.
Complex (ensemble) of monuments with its entire collection of components that carry cultural, historic, and scientific value, specially, planned, and functionally allocated within the structure of a populated settlement or localized outside of it, maybe declared a historic-cultural preserve of state or local importance. Historic-cultural preserved territory is declared a historically formed territory, within which remained significant number of objects of cultural heritage.
See also
- Categories of protected areas of UkraineCategories of protected areas of UkraineCategories of natural environment protected areas of Ukraine were reestablished by the government of Ukraine with the fall of the Soviet Union and on June 16, 1992 the President of Ukraine Leonid Kravchuk signed the law on the nature-sanctuary fund of Ukraine...
- Protected areaProtected areaProtected areas are locations which receive protection because of their recognised natural, ecological and/or cultural values. There are several kinds of protected areas, which vary by level of protection depending on the enabling laws of each country or the regulations of the international...
- State Registry of Fixed Landmarks of Ukraine
- List of historic reserves in Ukraine
External links
Statutes- Law of Ukraine on nature-sanctuary fund of Ukraine
- Law of Ukraine on preservation of cultural heritage of Ukraine
- Law of Ukraine on protection of archeological heritage List of historical populated sites of Ukraine List of museums that carry museum collections and objects of state property
- Про затвердження Порядку визначення категорій пам’яток для занесення об’єктів культурної спадщини до Державного реєстру нерухомих пам’яток України
Internet sites on information about the protected areas
- All-Ukrainian Museum Association
- Ukrainian center of cultural research
- Ukraine incognita, an amateur informational site on protected areas in Ukraine created by local geographical specialists and activists of the Center of Ecological Monitoring of Ukriane (CEMU)
- An amateur site on cultural monuments of Ukraine, two times winner of the best historical website dedicated to monuments
- Echo of Ages, Ukrainian Internet Portal on monuments preservation
- Botanic gardens and arboreta of Ukraine