Publius Cornelius Scipio Salvito
Encyclopedia
Publius Cornelius Scipio ‘Salvito’ (the cognomen
Salvito is a nickname for ’Greetings’) was a consul who lived in the late Roman Republic
. He was a member of the Cornelia gens and a relative of Scipio Africanus
, the Roman general who defeated Hannibal.
Salvito married Scribonia
as her second husband.. Scribonia borne him children, including a son Cornelius Scipio
and a daughter Cornelia Scipio
who married Lucius Aemilius Paullus (who served as a censor).
Caesar replaced him with Tiberius Nero
for the priesthood, because of Tiberius’ success in the Alexandrian War. Scipio never supported Julius Caesar
, but was always in favour of Pompey. According to Suetonius
, his character towards Caesar was ‘contemptible’.
During the Civil War between Pompey and Caesar, Salvito traveled to North Africa
to assist another of Pompey’s allies, King Juba I of Numidia
. There was a prophecy that Caecilius Metellus
, Salvito's relative, would become victorious over Caesar in Africa, however Caesar mocked this.
After the murder of Pompey in Egypt
48 BC
, the civil war had reached its turning point. Caesar and his legions had begun to attack his remaining allies. In Thapsus
(North Africa), King Juba and Scipio and their legions were defeated by Caesar and his legions. For this victory, Caesar received a military triumph in Rome.
After the defeat, King Juba committed suicide and Numidia in 46 BC
became the Roman province
of Africa Nova. Salvito was pardoned and he and his family returned to Rome. In 41
/40 BC
he was forced to divorce his wife Scribona in order so that her uncle Sextus Pompeius
could make an alliance with the Julian family. Scribonia married Octavian (later Emperor Augustus
) with whom she had a daughter, Julia the Elder
. He later divorced her to marry Livia
Drusilla. Salvito never remarried, he later became consul in 35 BC
and died soon afterwards.
Cognomen
The cognomen nōmen "name") was the third name of a citizen of Ancient Rome, under Roman naming conventions. The cognomen started as a nickname, but lost that purpose when it became hereditary. Hereditary cognomina were used to augment the second name in order to identify a particular branch within...
Salvito is a nickname for ’Greetings’) was a consul who lived in the late Roman Republic
Roman Republic
The Roman Republic was the period of the ancient Roman civilization where the government operated as a republic. It began with the overthrow of the Roman monarchy, traditionally dated around 508 BC, and its replacement by a government headed by two consuls, elected annually by the citizens and...
. He was a member of the Cornelia gens and a relative of Scipio Africanus
Scipio Africanus
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus , also known as Scipio Africanus and Scipio the Elder, was a general in the Second Punic War and statesman of the Roman Republic...
, the Roman general who defeated Hannibal.
Salvito married Scribonia
Scribonia
Scribonia was the second wife of the Roman Emperor Augustus and the mother of his only natural child, Julia the Elder. She was the mother-in-law of the Emperor Tiberius, great-grandmother of the Emperor Caligula and Empress Agrippina the Younger, grandmother-in-law of the Emperor Claudius, and...
as her second husband.. Scribonia borne him children, including a son Cornelius Scipio
Publius Cornelius Scipio (consul 16 BC)
Publius Cornelius Scipio was the son of Publius Cornelius Scipio Salvito and Scribonia. He was elder brother to Cornelia Scipio and the elder half-brother to Julia the Elder, who was the daughter of Emperor Augustus. Scipio claimed to be a descendent of Scipio Africanus and boasted himself about...
and a daughter Cornelia Scipio
Cornelia Scipio
Cornelia was the daughter of Scribonia and consul Publius Cornelius Scipio Salvito. She was married twice. Her first husband was Sextus Julius Caesar III. Together they had one son born in 32 BC, named Sextus Julius Caesar IV. Her second husband was the censor Lucius Aemilius Paullus, with whom...
who married Lucius Aemilius Paullus (who served as a censor).
Caesar replaced him with Tiberius Nero
Tiberius Nero
Not to be confused with his son Tiberius or his grandson Germanicus, who both had the name 'Tiberius Claudius Nero' at one time or another. Tiberius Claudius Nero was a member of the Claudian Family of ancient Rome. He was a descendant of the original Tiberius Claudius Nero a consul, son of...
for the priesthood, because of Tiberius’ success in the Alexandrian War. Scipio never supported Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman and a distinguished writer of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the gradual transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....
, but was always in favour of Pompey. According to Suetonius
Lives of the Twelve Caesars
De vita Caesarum commonly known as The Twelve Caesars, is a set of twelve biographies of Julius Caesar and the first 11 emperors of the Roman Empire written by Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus.The work, written in AD 121 during the reign of the emperor Hadrian, was the most popular work of Suetonius,...
, his character towards Caesar was ‘contemptible’.
During the Civil War between Pompey and Caesar, Salvito traveled to North Africa
North Africa
North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent, linked by the Sahara to Sub-Saharan Africa. Geopolitically, the United Nations definition of Northern Africa includes eight countries or territories; Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, South Sudan, Sudan, Tunisia, and...
to assist another of Pompey’s allies, King Juba I of Numidia
Juba I of Numidia
Juba I of Numidia was a King of Numidia. He was the son and successor to King of Numidia Hiempsal II.- Family :...
. There was a prophecy that Caecilius Metellus
Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica
Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica , in modern scholarship often as Metellus Scipio, was a Roman consul and military commander in the Late Republic. During the civil war between Julius Caesar and the senatorial faction led by Pompeius Magnus , he remained a staunch optimate...
, Salvito's relative, would become victorious over Caesar in Africa, however Caesar mocked this.
After the murder of Pompey in Egypt
Egypt
Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...
48 BC
48 BC
Year 48 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Caesar and Vatia...
, the civil war had reached its turning point. Caesar and his legions had begun to attack his remaining allies. In Thapsus
Thapsus
Thapsus was an ancient city in what is modern day Tunisia. Its ruins exist at Ras Dimas near Bekalta, approximately 200 km southeast of Carthage. Originally founded by Phoenicians, it served as a marketplace on the coast of the province Byzacena in Africa Propria...
(North Africa), King Juba and Scipio and their legions were defeated by Caesar and his legions. For this victory, Caesar received a military triumph in Rome.
After the defeat, King Juba committed suicide and Numidia in 46 BC
46 BC
Year 46 BC was the last year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Caesar and Lepidus . The denomination 46 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe...
became the Roman province
Roman province
In Ancient Rome, a province was the basic, and, until the Tetrarchy , largest territorial and administrative unit of the empire's territorial possessions outside of Italy...
of Africa Nova. Salvito was pardoned and he and his family returned to Rome. In 41
41 BC
Year 41 BC was either a common year starting on Wednesday or Thursday or a leap year starting on Tuesday, Wednesday or Thursday of the Julian calendar and a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Proleptic Julian calendar...
/40 BC
40 BC
Year 40 BC was either a common year starting on Thursday, Friday or Saturday or a leap year starting on Thursday or Friday of the Julian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Proleptic Julian calendar...
he was forced to divorce his wife Scribona in order so that her uncle Sextus Pompeius
Sextus Pompeius
Sextus Pompeius Magnus Pius, in English Sextus Pompey , was a Roman general from the late Republic . He was the last focus of opposition to the Second Triumvirate...
could make an alliance with the Julian family. Scribonia married Octavian (later Emperor Augustus
Augustus
Augustus ;23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14) is considered the first emperor of the Roman Empire, which he ruled alone from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD.The dates of his rule are contemporary dates; Augustus lived under two calendars, the Roman Republican until 45 BC, and the Julian...
) with whom she had a daughter, Julia the Elder
Julia the Elder
Julia the Elder , known to her contemporaries as Julia Caesaris filia or Julia Augusti filia was the daughter and only biological child of Augustus, the first emperor of the Roman Empire. Augustus subsequently adopted several male members of his close family as sons...
. He later divorced her to marry Livia
Livia
Livia Drusilla, , after her formal adoption into the Julian family in AD 14 also known as Julia Augusta, was a Roman empress as the third wife of the Emperor Augustus and his adviser...
Drusilla. Salvito never remarried, he later became consul in 35 BC
35 BC
Year 35 BC was either a common year starting on Thursday or Friday or a leap year starting on Wednesday, Thursday or Friday of the Julian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Proleptic Julian calendar...
and died soon afterwards.
Source
- SuetoniusSuetoniusGaius Suetonius Tranquillus, commonly known as Suetonius , was a Roman historian belonging to the equestrian order in the early Imperial era....
, Lives of the Twelve Caesars, Caesar and Tiberius