The Pyronemataceae are a family

Family (biology)

In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...

 of fungi in the order Pezizales

Pezizales

The Pezizales are an order of the subphylum Pezizomycotina within the phylum Ascomycota. The order contains 16 families, 199 genera, and 1683 species. It contains a number of species of economic importance, such as morels, the black and white truffles, and the desert truffles. The Pezizales are...

. It is the largest family of the Pezizales, encompassing 75 genera and approximately 500 species. Recent phylogenetic analyses does not support the prior classifications of this family, and suggest that the family is not monophyletic as it is currently circumscribed.

Morphology

Members of the family are diverse in ascomatal or cleistothecial form. Individual taxa may be sessile (without a stipe

Stipe (mycology)

thumb|150px|right|Diagram of a [[basidiomycete]] stipe with an [[annulus |annulus]] and [[volva |volva]]In mycology a stipe refers to the stem or stalk-like feature supporting the cap of a mushroom. Like all tissues of the mushroom other than the hymenium, the stipe is composed of sterile hyphal...

) to shortly stipitate, cupulate (cup-shaped), discoid (disc-shaped), pulvinate (cushion-shaped), or with turbinate (turban-shaped) epigeous apothecia. Also, taxa may be sub-hypogeous to hypogeous with closed, folded, or solid ascomata. Apothecia may range in size from less than 1 mm up to 12 cm diam, and may be brightly colored due to carotenoid

Carotenoid

Carotenoids are tetraterpenoid organic pigments that are naturally occurring in the chloroplasts and chromoplasts of plants and some other photosynthetic organisms like algae, some bacteria, and some types of fungus. Carotenoids can be synthesized fats and other basic organic metabolic building...

 pigments. Genera of the Pyronemataceae lack unifying macroscopic or microscopic characteristics; this lack of uniting characters has led various authors to propose a variety of classification schemes.

Genera

This list of genera in the family Pyronemataceae is based on the Outline of Ascomycota (dated Dec 31st, 2007), and articles published since then:

Acervus

Acervus

Acervus is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. They have cup-shaped apothecia that may be up to in diameter, with a bright yellow to orange-colored hymenium....

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Aleuria

Aleuria

Aleuria is a genus of cup fungi within the phylum Ascomycota. The best known species is Orange peel fungus.Aleuria species are saprobes.-Morphology:*This genus is distinguished by the lack of gills, and epigeous nature....

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Aleurina

Aleurina

Aleurina is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. The genus, which was circumscribed by George Edward Massee in 1898, is synonymous with Jafneadelphus as defined by Mien A. Rifai in 1968. Aleurina is widely distributed and contains 11 species.-Species:*A. americana*A. argentina*A....

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Anthracobia

Anthracobia

Anthracobia is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. The genus was circumscribed by Jean Louis Émile Boudier in 1885. Anthracobia is widely distributed in north temperate regions, and contains 15 species. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the genus as currently circumscribed is...

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Aparaphysaria

Aparaphysaria

Aparaphysaria is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae....

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Arpinia

Arpinia

Arpinia is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae....

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Ascocalathium

Ascocalathium

Ascocalathium is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. It is monotypic, containing the single species Ascocalathium stipitatum....

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Ascosparassis

Ascosparassis

Ascosparassis is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae....

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Boubovia

Boubovia

Boubovia is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae....

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Byssonectria

Byssonectria

Byssonectria is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae....

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Boudierella

Boudierella

Boudierella is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae....

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Chaetothiersia

Chaetothiersia

Chaetothiersia is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. It is monotypic, containing the single species Chaetothiersia vernalis collected from the northern High Sierra Nevada of California...

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Chalazion

Chalazion (genus)

Chalazion is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Cheilymenia

Cheilymenia

Cheilymenia is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in temperate regions, and contains 66 species, many very similar in appearance and habitat and only separable by microscopic features....

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Cleistothelebolus

Cleistothelebolus

Cleistothelebolus is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. It is monotypic, containing the single species Cleistothelebolus nipigonensis.-External links:*...

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Dictyocoprotus

Dictyocoprotus

Dictyocoprotus is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. It is monotypic, containing the single species Dictyocoprotus mexicanus.-External links:*...

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Eoaleurina

Eoaleurina

Eoaleurina is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. It is monotypic, containing the single species Eoaleurina foliicola.-External links:*...

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Galeoscypha

Galeoscypha

Galeoscypha is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. It is monotypic, containing the single species Galeoscypha pileiformis.-External links:*...

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Genabea

Genabea

Genabea is a genus of fungus in the family Pyronemataceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Genabea fragilis, a mycorrhizal truffle-like fungus found in Europe and North America....

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Genea

Genea

Genea is a genus of truffle-like fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. There are about 32 species in the genus that are found in North America and Europe...

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Geneosperma

Geneosperma

Geneosperma is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Geopora

Geopora

Geopora is a genus of truffle-like fungi in the family Pyronemataceae, currently with 13 described species. The genus was circumscribed by mycologist Harvey Willson Harkness in 1885. Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions indicate that the cup-like apothecial Geopora should better be placed back in...

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Geopyxis

Geopyxis

Geopyxis is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains seven species....

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Gilkeya

Gilkeya

Gilkeya is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. It is monotypic, containing the single species Hydnocystis compacta.-External links:*...

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Hiemsia

Hiemsia

Hiemsia is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Humaria

Humaria

Humaria is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Hydnocystis

Hydnocystis

Hydnocystis is a genus of truffle-like fungi in the family Pyronemataceae....

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Hypotarzetta

Hypotarzetta

Hypotarzetta is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. It is monotypic, containing the single species Hypotarzetta insignis.-External links:*...

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Jafnea

Jafnea

Jafnea is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Kotlabaea

Kotlabaea

Kotlabaea is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Lamprospora

Lamprospora

Lamprospora is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Lasiobolidium

Lasiobolidium

Lasiobolidium is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Lathraeodiscus

Lathraeodiscus

Lathraeodiscus is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. It is monotypic, containing the single species Lathraeodiscus arcticus. This species has been found in the lowland high-arctic areas in Greenland and Svalbard, Norway....

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Lazuardia

Lazuardia

Lazuardia is a monotypic genus of cup fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. The type species, Lazuardia lobata, may be found growing on the ground in Ceylon, India, Java, Sumatra, Cuba, Jamaica and Trinidad.Ascospores have dimensions of 8.4-11.4 µm....

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Leucoscypha

Leucoscypha

Leucoscypha is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Luciotrichus

Luciotrichus

Luciotrichus is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. A monotypic genus, it contains the single species Luciotrichus lasioboloides.-External links:*...

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Melastiza

Melastiza

Melastiza is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Micronematobotrys

Micronematobotrys

Micronematobotrys is a monotypic genus of Pezizales in the Pyronemataceae family, first described in 2010. It contains the single species Micronematobotrys verrucosus. The type location is Dongling Mountain, near Beijing, China, where it was found growing on Quercus liaotungensis and Ulmus...

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Miladina

Miladina

Miladina is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. A monotypic genus, it contains the single species Miladina lecithina.-External links:*...

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Moravecia

Moravecia

Moravecia is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Mycogalopsis

Mycogalopsis

Mycogalopsis is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Nannfeldtiella

Nannfeldtiella

Nannfeldtiella is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Neottiella

Neottiella

Neottiella is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:**...

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Nothojafnea

Nothojafnea

Nothojafnea is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Octospora

Octospora

Octospora is a genus of fungi in the Pyronemataceae family.-Species:*Octospora axillaris*Octospora carbonigena*Octospora coccinea*Octospora convexula*Octospora crosslandii*Octospora humosa*Octospora leucoloma...

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Octosporella

Octosporella

Octosporella is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Orbicula (placement uncertain),
Otidea

Otidea

Otidea is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. The genus is widely distributed in northern temperate regions, and contains about 23 species.-Selected species:*Otidea alutacea*Otidea apophysata*Otidea bufonia*Otidea cochleata...

(synonymous with Otideopsis and Flavoscypha),
Oviascoma

Oviascoma

Oviascoma is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Parascutellinia

Parascutellinia

Parascutellinia is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Paratrichophaea

Paratrichophaea

Paratrichophaea is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Paurocotylis

Paurocotylis

Paurocotylis is a genus of fungi in the Pyronemataceae family. The genus is monotypic, containing the single species Paurocotylis pila, a truffle-like fungus found in Europe and New Zealand. It was described by Miles Joseph Berkeley in Joseph Dalton Hooker's 1855 publication The Botany of the...

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Petchiomyces

Petchiomyces

Petchiomyces is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Phaeangium,
Pseudaleuria

Pseudaleuria

Pseudaleuria is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Pseudombrophila

Pseudombrophila

Pseudombrophila is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. The widely distributed genus contains 28 species.-Species:*Pseudombrophila aggregata*Pseudombrophila cervaria*Pseudombrophila deerrata*Pseudombrophila equina...

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Psilopezia

Psilopezia

Psilopezia is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Pulvinula

Pulvinula

Pulvinula is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Pyronema

Pyronema

Pyronema is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae....

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Pyropyxis

Pyropyxis

Pyropyxis is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Ramsbottomia

Ramsbottomia

Ramsbottomia is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Rhizoblepharia

Rhizoblepharia

Rhizoblepharia is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Rhodoscypha

Rhodoscypha

Rhodoscypha is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Rhodotarzetta

Rhodotarzetta

Rhodotarzetta is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Scutellinia

Scutellinia

Scutellinia is a genus of cup-fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. The genus is widely distributed, especially in the Northern Hemisphere, and according to the Dictionary of the Fungi , contains 66 species.-Species:...

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Smardaea

Smardaea

Smardaea is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Sowerbyella

Sowerbyella

Sowerbyella is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, and contains 16 species found mostly in Europe and China.-Species:*Sowerbyella angustispora*Sowerbyella bauerana*Sowerbyella brevispora...

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Sphaerosoma

Sphaerosoma

Sphaerosoma is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Sphaerosporella

Sphaerosporella

Sphaerosporella is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Spooneromyces

Spooneromyces

Spooneromyces is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Stephensia

Stephensia

Stephensia is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Tarzetta

Tarzetta

Tarzetta is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. The genus has a widespread distribution in north temperate regions, and contains 9 species....

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Tricharina

Tricharina

Tricharina is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. The genus has a widespread distribution in temperate regions, and contains 13 species. The anamorph form is Ascorhizoctonia....

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Trichophaea

Trichophaea

Trichophaea is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Trichophaeopsis

Trichophaeopsis

Trichophaeopsis is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae.-External links:*...

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Warcupia

Warcupia

Warcupia is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. A monotypic genus, it contains the single species Warcupia terrestris. This species was first isolated from soil samples found near the University of Victoria campus, and also from soil from Sierra National Forest in Fresno County,...

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Wenyingia

Wenyingia

Wenyingia is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. A monotypic genus, it contains the single species Wenyingia sichuanensis, found in 1997 in the western Sichuan Province in China. The specific epithet is named for Professor Wen-ying Zhuang, mycologist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences...

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Wilcoxina

Wilcoxina

Wilcoxina is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. Species are cosmopolitan in distribution, and have been found growing with host plants in a wide variety on environments, such as nursery soils with high pH, mining sites with low pH and heavy metal contamination, natural forests and...