Qaysin Quli
Encyclopedia
Kaisyn Shuvayevich Kuliev aka Kaisyn Kuliev, or Qaysin Quli (Balkar: Къули Къайсын) (November 1, 1917 - June 4, 1985) was a Balkar poet. He wrote in the Karachay-Balkar language
and his poems are widely translated mostly to USSR languages, such as Russian
, Ossetian
and to many others languages all around the world.
Upper Chegem to a family headed by a stock-breeder and hunter. He spent his childhood in the mountains, but became an orphan and started to work at an early age. In 1926 a school was established in his aul, and he started to read and study Russian. By age of ten he wrote his first poems. After Kaisyn Kuliev graduated from school, he entered a technical college in Nalchik
. He saw his first publications in Nalchik, he was 17 at that time. In 1935 Kaisyn Kuliev arrived in Moscow and entered GITIS
Theater Institute. In the same period he attended lectures at the Maxim Gorky Literature Institute
and wrote poems. In 1939 he returned to Nalchik
, where he taught literature at the local teachers' training college. In 1940, he published his first book of poetry, Hello, Morning!.
In 1940 he was drafted to the Red Army
, where he served in the paratrooper brigade. In the summer of 1941, his brigade was transferred to Latvian SSR
, where Kaisyn Kuliev fought in the Second World War. Later he was wounded in a battle near Orel
. In the hospital Kaisyn Kuliev wrote many poems that were published in Pravda
, and Krasnaya Zvezda
and later he participated in the battle of Stalingrad
as a military correspondent of Syny Otechestva newspaper. Participating in the operation to liberate the Southern cities, Kaisyn Kuliev was wounded again. During the period between 1942 and 1944, he wrote In an hour of Trouble, About Someone Who Didn't Return, and Perekop
.
In 1944, Stalin ordered deportation
of the Balkar ethnic group to Kyrgyzstan
and Kazakhstan
. Although Boris Pasternak
managed to secure a permission for Kuliev to live in Moscow, in 1945, Kuliev despite of Stalin's permission chose to live in Kyrgyzstan
, where he worked in the local Writers' Union. In Frunze, he met an Ingush
girl, Maka, whom he married. The Ingush
ethnic group was also deported by Stalin to Central Asia
. Kaisyn Kuliev had three sons with her, Eldar, Alim and Azamat. Kaisyn Kuliev's own poetry could not be published, because he belonged to a deported
people. In that period he translated a lot of poetry. Boris Pasternak
in his letters was encouraging younger poet to have a faith on better future no matter what.
In May 1956, Kouliev went to Moscow, and in 1957 he published Mountains and The Bread and the Rose (1957) with the help of Russian poet Nikolai Tikhonov
. In 1956, Balkars were allowed to return to their native places and Kaisyn Kuliev returned to Nalchik
. There he published his collections The Wounded Stone (1964), The Book of the Land (1972), The Evening (1974), The Evening Light (1979), A Beauty of the Earth (1980), and others. Kouliev's poetry was finally recognized by Soviet officials when Stalin's Era
ended, and he was honored with State Prizes of the Soviet Republics
(1966), USSR State Prize
(1974) and also Lenin Prize
but only after his death (1990 post-mortem). His Russian translators included Naum Grebnev, Bella Akhmadulina, Naum Korzhavin
and Oleg Chukhontsev.
Kaisyn Kuliev died in 1985 and buried in the garden of his house by poet's own will and where Kaisyn Kuliev Memorial Museum was opened few years later. One of the major streets of Nalchik
, the capital of Kabardino-Balkaria
, named after the poet. Balkar Theater of Drama
in Nalchik
also named after Kaisyn Kuliev. His poetry is the "lessons of courage, nobleness and honour".
Children. His son Eldar Kuliev
is a film director
and screenwriter
living in Moscow
. Alim Kouliev
is an actor
and stage director living in the United States
. Azamat Kuliev
is an artist
living in Istanbul
, Turkey
.
Karachay-Balkar language
The Karachay-Balkar language is a Turkic language spoken by the Karachays and Balkars. It is divided into two dialects: Karachay-Baksan-Chegem which pronounces two phonemes as and , and Balkar, which pronounces the corresponding phonemes as and .- Alphabet :Modern Karachay-Balkar Cyrillic...
and his poems are widely translated mostly to USSR languages, such as Russian
Russian language
Russian is a Slavic language used primarily in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Turkmenistan and Estonia and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics...
, Ossetian
Ossetian
Ossetian may refer to:* The Ossetian language* A member of the Ossetian people* A person from the region of Ossetia...
and to many others languages all around the world.
Biography
Kaisyn Kuliev (Quli) was born on November 1, 1917, in Balkar aulAul
An aul is a type of fortified village found throughout the Caucasus mountains, especially in Dagestan.The word itself is of Turkic origine and means simply village in many Turkic languages....
Upper Chegem to a family headed by a stock-breeder and hunter. He spent his childhood in the mountains, but became an orphan and started to work at an early age. In 1926 a school was established in his aul, and he started to read and study Russian. By age of ten he wrote his first poems. After Kaisyn Kuliev graduated from school, he entered a technical college in Nalchik
Nalchik
Nalchik is the capital city of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia, situated at an altitude of in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains; about northwest of Beslan in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania. It covers an area of...
. He saw his first publications in Nalchik, he was 17 at that time. In 1935 Kaisyn Kuliev arrived in Moscow and entered GITIS
GITIS
The Russian University of Theatre Arts was founded on 22 September 1878 as the Shestakovsky Music School, became the Musico-Dramatic School of the Moscow Philharmonic Society in 1883, and was elevated to the status of a conservatory in 1886...
Theater Institute. In the same period he attended lectures at the Maxim Gorky Literature Institute
Maxim Gorky Literature Institute
The Maxim Gorky Literature Institute is a higher education institute in Moscow. It is located at 25 Tver Bulvar in Central Moscow.It was founded in 1933 on the initiative of Maxim Gorky, and received its current name at Gorky's death in 1936....
and wrote poems. In 1939 he returned to Nalchik
Nalchik
Nalchik is the capital city of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia, situated at an altitude of in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains; about northwest of Beslan in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania. It covers an area of...
, where he taught literature at the local teachers' training college. In 1940, he published his first book of poetry, Hello, Morning!.
In 1940 he was drafted to the Red Army
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to...
, where he served in the paratrooper brigade. In the summer of 1941, his brigade was transferred to Latvian SSR
Latvian SSR
The Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic , also known as the Latvian SSR for short, was one of the republics that made up the Soviet Union. Established on 21 July 1940 as a puppet state during World War II in the territory of the previously independent Republic of Latvia after it had been occupied by...
, where Kaisyn Kuliev fought in the Second World War. Later he was wounded in a battle near Orel
Oryol
Oryol or Orel is a city and the administrative center of Oryol Oblast, Russia, located on the Oka River, approximately south-southwest of Moscow...
. In the hospital Kaisyn Kuliev wrote many poems that were published in Pravda
Pravda
Pravda was a leading newspaper of the Soviet Union and an official organ of the Central Committee of the Communist Party between 1912 and 1991....
, and Krasnaya Zvezda
Krasnaya Zvezda
Krasnaya Zvezda is an official newspaper of Soviet and later Russian Ministry of Defence. It was founded on January 1, 1924. Today its official designation is "Central Organ of the Russian Ministry of Defence."...
and later he participated in the battle of Stalingrad
Battle of Stalingrad
The Battle of Stalingrad was a major battle of World War II in which Nazi Germany and its allies fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad in southwestern Russia. The battle took place between 23 August 1942 and 2 February 1943...
as a military correspondent of Syny Otechestva newspaper. Participating in the operation to liberate the Southern cities, Kaisyn Kuliev was wounded again. During the period between 1942 and 1944, he wrote In an hour of Trouble, About Someone Who Didn't Return, and Perekop
Perekop
Perekop is a village located at the Perekop Isthmus connecting Crimean peninsula to the Ukrainian mainland. It is known for the Fortress Or Qapi that served as the gateway to Crimea...
.
In 1944, Stalin ordered deportation
Deportation
Deportation means the expulsion of a person or group of people from a place or country. Today it often refers to the expulsion of foreign nationals whereas the expulsion of nationals is called banishment, exile, or penal transportation...
of the Balkar ethnic group to Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan , officially the Kyrgyz Republic is one of the world's six independent Turkic states . Located in Central Asia, landlocked and mountainous, Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the southwest and China to the east...
and Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...
. Although Boris Pasternak
Boris Pasternak
Boris Leonidovich Pasternak was a Russian language poet, novelist, and literary translator. In his native Russia, Pasternak's anthology My Sister Life, is one of the most influential collections ever published in the Russian language...
managed to secure a permission for Kuliev to live in Moscow, in 1945, Kuliev despite of Stalin's permission chose to live in Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan , officially the Kyrgyz Republic is one of the world's six independent Turkic states . Located in Central Asia, landlocked and mountainous, Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the southwest and China to the east...
, where he worked in the local Writers' Union. In Frunze, he met an Ingush
Ingush
Ingush may refer to:* The Ingush language* The Ingush people, an ethnic group of the North Caucasus...
girl, Maka, whom he married. The Ingush
Ingush
Ingush may refer to:* The Ingush language* The Ingush people, an ethnic group of the North Caucasus...
ethnic group was also deported by Stalin to Central Asia
Central Asia
Central Asia is a core region of the Asian continent from the Caspian Sea in the west, China in the east, Afghanistan in the south, and Russia in the north...
. Kaisyn Kuliev had three sons with her, Eldar, Alim and Azamat. Kaisyn Kuliev's own poetry could not be published, because he belonged to a deported
Deportation
Deportation means the expulsion of a person or group of people from a place or country. Today it often refers to the expulsion of foreign nationals whereas the expulsion of nationals is called banishment, exile, or penal transportation...
people. In that period he translated a lot of poetry. Boris Pasternak
Boris Pasternak
Boris Leonidovich Pasternak was a Russian language poet, novelist, and literary translator. In his native Russia, Pasternak's anthology My Sister Life, is one of the most influential collections ever published in the Russian language...
in his letters was encouraging younger poet to have a faith on better future no matter what.
In May 1956, Kouliev went to Moscow, and in 1957 he published Mountains and The Bread and the Rose (1957) with the help of Russian poet Nikolai Tikhonov
Nikolay Semenovich Tikhonov
Nikolai Semenovich Tikhonov - a Soviet writer, a member of the Serapion Brothers literary group.-Biography:...
. In 1956, Balkars were allowed to return to their native places and Kaisyn Kuliev returned to Nalchik
Nalchik
Nalchik is the capital city of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia, situated at an altitude of in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains; about northwest of Beslan in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania. It covers an area of...
. There he published his collections The Wounded Stone (1964), The Book of the Land (1972), The Evening (1974), The Evening Light (1979), A Beauty of the Earth (1980), and others. Kouliev's poetry was finally recognized by Soviet officials when Stalin's Era
Era
An era is a commonly used word for long period of time. When used in science, for example geology, eras denote clearly defined periods of time of arbitrary but well defined length, such as for example the Mesozoic era from 252 Ma–66 Ma, delimited by a start event and an end event. When used in...
ended, and he was honored with State Prizes of the Soviet Republics
State Prizes of the Soviet Republics
The State Prizes of the Soviet Republics were each republic counterpart to the USSR State Prize. Each republic granted several different prizes, generally named after writers or artists from the republic, as well as a blanket Komsomol prize for young artists....
(1966), USSR State Prize
USSR State Prize
The USSR State Prize was the Soviet Union's state honour. It was established on September 9, 1966. After the breakup of the Soviet Union, the prize was followed up by the State Prize of the Russian Federation....
(1974) and also Lenin Prize
Lenin Prize
The Lenin Prize was one of the most prestigious awards of the USSR, presented to individuals for accomplishments relating to science, literature, arts, architecture, and technology. It was created on June 23, 1925 and was awarded until 1934. During the period from 1935 to 1956, the Lenin Prize was...
but only after his death (1990 post-mortem). His Russian translators included Naum Grebnev, Bella Akhmadulina, Naum Korzhavin
Naum Korzhavin
Nahum Moiseyevich Korzhavin is a Russian poet of Jewish descent, a dissident and emigrant living in Boston.Korzhavin was given the Big Book National Award-2006 for his contribution into literature...
and Oleg Chukhontsev.
Kaisyn Kuliev died in 1985 and buried in the garden of his house by poet's own will and where Kaisyn Kuliev Memorial Museum was opened few years later. One of the major streets of Nalchik
Nalchik
Nalchik is the capital city of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia, situated at an altitude of in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains; about northwest of Beslan in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania. It covers an area of...
, the capital of Kabardino-Balkaria
Kabardino-Balkaria
The Kabardino-Balkar Republic , or Kabardino-Balkaria , is a federal subject of Russia located in the North Caucasus. Population: -Geography:The republic is situated in the North Caucasus mountains, with plains in the northern part....
, named after the poet. Balkar Theater of Drama
Drama
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance. The term comes from a Greek word meaning "action" , which is derived from "to do","to act" . The enactment of drama in theatre, performed by actors on a stage before an audience, presupposes collaborative modes of production and a...
in Nalchik
Nalchik
Nalchik is the capital city of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia, situated at an altitude of in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains; about northwest of Beslan in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania. It covers an area of...
also named after Kaisyn Kuliev. His poetry is the "lessons of courage, nobleness and honour".
Children. His son Eldar Kuliev
Eldar Kuliev
Eldar Kaisynovich Kouliev is a Soviet film director and screenwriter. He was born in Frunze while Deportation of the Balkars to Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan by the order of Stalin to the family of Kaisyn Kuliev, an acclaimed Balkar poet. His younger brother Alim Kouliev is a Russian-American actor...
is a film director
Film director
A film director is a person who directs the actors and film crew in filmmaking. They control a film's artistic and dramatic nathan roach, while guiding the technical crew and actors.-Responsibilities:...
and screenwriter
Screenwriter
Screenwriters or scriptwriters or scenario writers are people who write/create the short or feature-length screenplays from which mass media such as films, television programs, Comics or video games are based.-Profession:...
living in Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
. Alim Kouliev
Alim Kouliev
Alim Kaisynovich Kouliev is a Russian-American actor and director. Kouliev was born in Nalchik — a small city in USSR. His father was the Balkar poet Kaisyn Kuliev. His elder brother Eldar Kuliev is a Russian film director and a screenwriter, living in Moscow. His younger brother Azamat Kuliev...
is an actor
Actor
An actor is a person who acts in a dramatic production and who works in film, television, theatre, or radio in that capacity...
and stage director living in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. Azamat Kuliev
Azamat Kuliev
Azamat Kaisynovich Kouliev is a Russian artist. Kouliev was born in Nalchik – a capital of Kabardino-Balkaria – to the family of Balkar poet Kaisyn Kuliev. His elder brother Alim Kouliev is a Russian-American actor living and working in Hollywood. His eldest brother Eldar Kuliev is a Russian...
is an artist
Artist
An artist is a person engaged in one or more of any of a broad spectrum of activities related to creating art, practicing the arts and/or demonstrating an art. The common usage in both everyday speech and academic discourse is a practitioner in the visual arts only...
living in Istanbul
Istanbul
Istanbul , historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul metropolitan province had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe after London and...
, Turkey
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
.
External links
- Kisyn Kuliev. National Library of Australia
- Kisyn kouliev. Scottish Poetry Library Inspire
- Kisyn Kuliev. University of Chicago Library
- Hrono
- Kaisyn Kuliev Memorial Museum
- Farewell by Chingiz Aitmatov
- 90th Anniversary of Kaisyn Kouliev.
- Kaisyn Kuliev. Fifty Soviet Poets
- Kaisyn Kuliev: Literary portret
- Boris Pasternak and Kaisyn Kuliev