Qazi Mazhar Qayyum
Encyclopedia
Qazi Mazhar Qayyum 'Raees-Azam Naushera
', came from a qadi
's family which had, since the 16th century, been prominent among the landed aristocracy of the Soon Valley
. He belonged to Awans
tribe of ancient repute. He was the famous "Hakeem
" (herbal medicine practitioner), especially of Muslim medicine and unani medicine of Soon Valley. He was the authority on these subject in his time. He was consulted by many notable Hakeem from all British India. He never took fees for his medical practice from any poor or rich patient. A private man, without wealth, without jagir
, without official title or office, yet he exercised great influence over the people. He was known as "Raees
Azam Naushera".
He was one of those Muslim rural elites who during the 1946 Punjab Provincial Assembly Election, supported Punjab Muslim League
, and, without its victory in Punjab in that election", in the words of Ian Talbot, "the Muslim League would not have gotten Pakistan". Being as a son of a famous academic Sufi, he was considered Sajjada Nashin
by the people of his area. In the Punjab, the Sajjada Nashin or Pir families were not so rich in terms of land as the great land lords of Punjab but these Sajjada Nashin or Pir families exerted great political and religious influence over the people. The British could not administer the area without their help and no political party could win the election without their help. "Sajjada nashins", David Gilmartin asserts, "claimed to be the descendants of the Sufi, ‘saints’, intermediaries between the Faithful and their God, and this cut against the grain of Islamic orthodoxy......in kind, of their special religious status, these Sajjada Nashins had become men of local standing in their own right." However he never claimed to be a Sajjada Nashin or Pir. As his father, Qazi Mian Muhammad Amjad
forbade his descendants to establish Dargah
, and made a will to bury him in the ordinary grave, he made every effort to stop the people from making Dargah of the grave of his father. Instead, much to the horror of his tribe, he considered this as superstition.
, Soon Valley. He was the eldest son of Qazi Mian Muhammad Amjad
, and the eldest brother of Khan Sahib
Qazi Zafar Hussain
. He was a descendant of Hazrat Ali Ibn Abi Talib, the fourth caliph
of Islam from Al-Abbas ibn Ali. He was great great grand son of Qazi Kalim Ullah, the famous Muslim qadi and jurist of Naushera
in the time of Mughal Emperors.
He got his religious and medical education from his learned father. He learned Qur'an, hadith, Fiqh, Muslim, but gave up Fiqh, and devoted his whole time to Muslim and Unani medicine. He studied all the classics of Muslim medicine including Avicenna
(Ibn Sina) The Canon of Medicine
, Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī's Kitab-al-Saidana, Ibn al-Nafis, Al-Shamil fi al-Tibb (The Comprehensive Book on Medicine), Şerafeddin Sabuncuoğlu
's surgical atlas
, Cerrahiyyetu'l-Haniyye (Imperial Surgery), Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis), Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi
(Haly Abbas)'s Kitab Kamil as-sina'a at-tibbiyya ("Complete Book of the Medical Art"), and Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari
's Firdous al-Hikmah.
Like Dr. Joseph Bell
of Arthur Conan Doyle
, he could diagnose any illness by looking at a patient's face. Like Joseph Bell, he emphasized the importance of close observation in making a diagnosis. According to one tradition the British wife of the then British Deputy Commissioner of District Shahpur, now District Sargodha
got ill, and as there was not a British or Indian doctor was available, in that remote area of Punjab at that time, The Deputy Commissioner after hearing the fame of Qazi Mazhar Qayyum consulted him. Thereafter he became physician to many Britishers of higher administration of District Shahpur. This added much increase in his political position.
, for the political interest of his tribe
, and used his political and social influence to help the people of his area. After 1937, he began to support Punjab Muslim League
in the greater interest of Muslims of his area. He used his family and political influence to help the people of his area.
After 1923, when Unionist party was formed by Sir Fazl-e-Hussain, he supported the Unionist Muslim League, Malik Umar Hayat Khan
, Sir Sikander Hayat Khan. He believed, like other leaders of the party, that economic liberation should precede political liberation or else it would fail. The party won all the elections between 1923 and 1937. During this time, when the Unionist Party formed governments in the Punjab Province, lot of constructive work was done towards debt relief and irrigation system, and a province like Punjab was much dependent on the this irrigation system for its agricultural land.
Sufi Sarwar, though a great admirer of his father, in his book The Soon Valley criticized him and his brother for supporting the Unionist party, but we must not forget that during that period (1923–1937) the Muslim League was not active in the Punjab. Sir Muhammad Iqbal
himself was also a supporter of Unionist Party at that time. According to Ian Talbot, Iqbal and other urbanite Muslim members of PLC (1927–30) shared Fazl-i-Hussain views that Muslim interests could be better served through the Unionist Party, than by adopting a purely Muslim political platform. Samina Yasmeen writes in Communal Politics in Punjab (1925-1947) that "the birth of Unionist Party though was a tool to implement British policy, yet it would be not fair to ignore the contribution of those people who had joined the party with the belief that it will stand for the development of rural masses and would play its role for equitable distribution of monetary resources. They were also optimistic that not only the party would deal with the debt problem but would also take steps to achieve rightful share in services and educational institutions for rural youth. It was propagation of these issues that enabled Unionist rural elites to win over the support of common peasantry who joined the party with the hope that their problems would be resolved."
appealed to the Muslims of Punjab to support Muslim League, he started thinking about the support of Muslim League, and when in 1937 Sikander-Jinnah pact was signed he started supporting Muslim League.http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a790406572
He supported Sajjada Nashin
Khwaja Qamar ul Din Sialvi
, who was president of District Shahpur Muslim League. He was also very influential in his region. They appealed to their people to vote against Tiwanas who were trying to defeat the Punjab Muslim League candidates in their constituencies. It was their efforts that Muslim League candidates won 100% seats in the constituencies of their area. Ian Talbot, writes
"Another leading Chisti, Sajjada Nashin, Pir Qamaruddin of Sial Sharif held a meeting on the outskirts of the Kalra estate in which he publicly challenged Khizr and Allah Baksh to come to terms with the Muslim League. ‘I have never begged for anything in my life before’, he declared, ‘but today I have come out of my home to beg for votes, believing God is present here (the meeting was being held in a mosque) it is Islamic to ask for vote and "religious" to give them.
The Muslim League is purely a religious movement in which all the rich, poor, sufis and scholars are participating. Not as a Pir but even as a Muslim, I have repeatedly advised Nawab Allah Baksh who is my Murid not to desert the Muslims at this critical time."
He died on 26 October 1953. He was buried in Naushera
, Soon Valley
Naushera
Naushera, also Naoshera, Urdu نوشهره is a village and one of the 51 Union Councils of Khushab District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan.. Naushera is the main town of Soon Valley. Situated in the heart of Soon Valley, Naushera is surrounded by high hills, beautiful lakes, jungles, natural pools...
', came from a qadi
Qadi
Qadi is a judge ruling in accordance with Islamic religious law appointed by the ruler of a Muslim country. Because Islam makes no distinction between religious and secular domains, qadis traditionally have jurisdiction over all legal matters involving Muslims...
's family which had, since the 16th century, been prominent among the landed aristocracy of the Soon Valley
Soon Valley
The 'Soon Valley' The 'Soon Valley' The 'Soon Valley' (Urdu: The 'Soon Valley' ([[Urdu]]: The 'Soon Valley' ([[Urdu]]: [[وادئ سون)]] or Soon Sakesar is one of the famous valleys of [[Pakistan]] situated in the central [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]] province. The Valley is situated in the north west...
. He belonged to Awans
Awan (Pakistan)
Awan , is a South Asian Zamindar tribe, putatively of Arab origin, living predominantly in northern, central, and western parts of Punjab, Pakistan...
tribe of ancient repute. He was the famous "Hakeem
Hakim (title)
' and ' are two Arabic titles derived from the same triliteral ḤKM "appoint, choose, judge". Compare the Hebrew title hakham.-Hakīm :...
" (herbal medicine practitioner), especially of Muslim medicine and unani medicine of Soon Valley. He was the authority on these subject in his time. He was consulted by many notable Hakeem from all British India. He never took fees for his medical practice from any poor or rich patient. A private man, without wealth, without jagir
Jagir
In historic India, a jagir was a small territory granted by the ruler to an army chieftain in fairly short terms usually of three years but not extending beyond his lifetime, in recognition of his military service...
, without official title or office, yet he exercised great influence over the people. He was known as "Raees
Rais
Raees, Raeesha, is a title used by the rulers of Muslim states in the Middle East and South Asia. It is translated as president in Arabic and wealthy in Persian...
Azam Naushera".
He was one of those Muslim rural elites who during the 1946 Punjab Provincial Assembly Election, supported Punjab Muslim League
Punjab Muslim League
When the All-India Muslim League was founded at Dacca, on 30 December 1906 at the occasion of the annual All India Muhammadan Educational Conference, It was participated by the Muslim leaders from Punjab, i.e., Sir Mian Muhammad Shafi, Mian Fazl-i-Hussain, Abdul Aziz, Khawaja Yusuf Shah and Sh....
, and, without its victory in Punjab in that election", in the words of Ian Talbot, "the Muslim League would not have gotten Pakistan". Being as a son of a famous academic Sufi, he was considered Sajjada Nashin
Sajjada nashin
The Sajjada Nashin is the descendant of a Sufi Pir or descendant of a disciple of a Pir, who tends to the shrine which is erected over the Pir's tomb or grave, known as a Dargah or Mazar....
by the people of his area. In the Punjab, the Sajjada Nashin or Pir families were not so rich in terms of land as the great land lords of Punjab but these Sajjada Nashin or Pir families exerted great political and religious influence over the people. The British could not administer the area without their help and no political party could win the election without their help. "Sajjada nashins", David Gilmartin asserts, "claimed to be the descendants of the Sufi, ‘saints’, intermediaries between the Faithful and their God, and this cut against the grain of Islamic orthodoxy......in kind, of their special religious status, these Sajjada Nashins had become men of local standing in their own right." However he never claimed to be a Sajjada Nashin or Pir. As his father, Qazi Mian Muhammad Amjad
Qazi Mian Muhammad Amjad
Qazi Mian Muhammad Amjad , was an eminent legal scholar of Qur'an, Hadith, and the Hanafi school of Islamic law . As a master of all the branches of contemporary knowledge of Islam, he was an acknowledged authority on Muslim jurisprudence...
forbade his descendants to establish Dargah
Dargah
A Dargah is a Sufi shrine built over the grave of a revered religious figure, often a Sufi saint. Local Muslims visit the shrine known as . Dargahs are often associated with Sufi meeting rooms and hostels, known as khanqah...
, and made a will to bury him in the ordinary grave, he made every effort to stop the people from making Dargah of the grave of his father. Instead, much to the horror of his tribe, he considered this as superstition.
Early life and education
He was born to a famous qadi's family of NausheraNaushera
Naushera, also Naoshera, Urdu نوشهره is a village and one of the 51 Union Councils of Khushab District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan.. Naushera is the main town of Soon Valley. Situated in the heart of Soon Valley, Naushera is surrounded by high hills, beautiful lakes, jungles, natural pools...
, Soon Valley. He was the eldest son of Qazi Mian Muhammad Amjad
Qazi Mian Muhammad Amjad
Qazi Mian Muhammad Amjad , was an eminent legal scholar of Qur'an, Hadith, and the Hanafi school of Islamic law . As a master of all the branches of contemporary knowledge of Islam, he was an acknowledged authority on Muslim jurisprudence...
, and the eldest brother of Khan Sahib
Khan Sahib
Khan Sahib - a compound of khan and sahib - was a formal title of respect and honour, which was conferred exclusively on Muslim, Parsi and Jewish subjects of the British Indian Empire...
Qazi Zafar Hussain
Qazi Zafar Hussain
Khan Sahib, Qazi Zafar Hussain came from a qadi's family which had, since the 16th century, been prominent among the landed aristocracy of the Soon Valley. He belonged to Awans tribe of ancient repute. He was awarded the title of Khan Sahib by the British Crown. This was a formal title, a compound...
. He was a descendant of Hazrat Ali Ibn Abi Talib, the fourth caliph
Caliph
The Caliph is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the ruler of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah. It is a transcribed version of the Arabic word which means "successor" or "representative"...
of Islam from Al-Abbas ibn Ali. He was great great grand son of Qazi Kalim Ullah, the famous Muslim qadi and jurist of Naushera
Naushera
Naushera, also Naoshera, Urdu نوشهره is a village and one of the 51 Union Councils of Khushab District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan.. Naushera is the main town of Soon Valley. Situated in the heart of Soon Valley, Naushera is surrounded by high hills, beautiful lakes, jungles, natural pools...
in the time of Mughal Emperors.
He got his religious and medical education from his learned father. He learned Qur'an, hadith, Fiqh, Muslim, but gave up Fiqh, and devoted his whole time to Muslim and Unani medicine. He studied all the classics of Muslim medicine including Avicenna
Avicenna
Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sīnā , commonly known as Ibn Sīnā or by his Latinized name Avicenna, was a Persian polymath, who wrote almost 450 treatises on a wide range of subjects, of which around 240 have survived...
(Ibn Sina) The Canon of Medicine
The Canon of Medicine
The Canon of Medicine is an encyclopedia of Galenic medicine in five books compiled by Ibn Sīnā and completed in 1025. It presents a clear and organized summary of all the medical knowledge of the time...
, Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī's Kitab-al-Saidana, Ibn al-Nafis, Al-Shamil fi al-Tibb (The Comprehensive Book on Medicine), Şerafeddin Sabuncuoğlu
Serafeddin Sabuncuoglu
Sabuncuoğlu Şerafeddin was a medieval Ottoman surgeon and physician.Sabuncuoğlu was the author of the Cerrahiyyetu'l-Haniyye , the first illustrated surgical atlas, and the Mücerrebname .The Cerrahiyyetu'l-Haniyye was the first surgical atlas and the last...
's surgical atlas
Atlas
An atlas is a collection of maps; it is typically a map of Earth or a region of Earth, but there are atlases of the other planets in the Solar System. Atlases have traditionally been bound into book form, but today many atlases are in multimedia formats...
, Cerrahiyyetu'l-Haniyye (Imperial Surgery), Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis), Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi
Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi
Ali ibn al-'Abbas al-Majusi , also known as Masoudi, or Latinized as Haly Abbas, was a Persian physician and psychologist most famous for the Kitab al-Maliki or Complete Book of the Medical Art, his textbook on medicine and psychology.-Biography:He was born in Ahvaz, southwestern Persia, and...
(Haly Abbas)'s Kitab Kamil as-sina'a at-tibbiyya ("Complete Book of the Medical Art"), and Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari
Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari
Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari also given as 810-855 and 783-858 was a Persian Muslim hakim, Islamic scholar, physician and psychologist of Zoroastrian descent, who produced one of the first encyclopedia of medicine. He was a pioneer of pediatrics and the field of child development...
's Firdous al-Hikmah.
Like Dr. Joseph Bell
Joseph Bell
Joseph Bell, JP, DL, FRCS was a famous Scottish lecturer at the medical school of the University of Edinburgh in the 19th century. He is perhaps best known as an inspiration for the literary character Sherlock Holmes....
of Arthur Conan Doyle
Arthur Conan Doyle
Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle DL was a Scottish physician and writer, most noted for his stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes, generally considered a milestone in the field of crime fiction, and for the adventures of Professor Challenger...
, he could diagnose any illness by looking at a patient's face. Like Joseph Bell, he emphasized the importance of close observation in making a diagnosis. According to one tradition the British wife of the then British Deputy Commissioner of District Shahpur, now District Sargodha
Sargodha
Sargodha is a city in the Sargodha District of Punjab province, Pakistan.Sargodha is located in the northwest of Pakistan. It is the eleventh largest city of Pakistan and also known as Pakistan's best citrus-producing area. It is an agricultural trade centre with various industries...
got ill, and as there was not a British or Indian doctor was available, in that remote area of Punjab at that time, The Deputy Commissioner after hearing the fame of Qazi Mazhar Qayyum consulted him. Thereafter he became physician to many Britishers of higher administration of District Shahpur. This added much increase in his political position.
Unionist Muslim League
He supported the Unionist Muslim LeagueUnionist Muslim League
The Unionist Muslim League, also known simply as the Unionist Party was a political party based in the province of Punjab during the period of British rule in India. The Unionist Party mainly represented the interests of the landed gentry and landlords of Punjab, which included Muslims, Hindus and...
, for the political interest of his tribe
Awan (Pakistan)
Awan , is a South Asian Zamindar tribe, putatively of Arab origin, living predominantly in northern, central, and western parts of Punjab, Pakistan...
, and used his political and social influence to help the people of his area. After 1937, he began to support Punjab Muslim League
Punjab Muslim League
When the All-India Muslim League was founded at Dacca, on 30 December 1906 at the occasion of the annual All India Muhammadan Educational Conference, It was participated by the Muslim leaders from Punjab, i.e., Sir Mian Muhammad Shafi, Mian Fazl-i-Hussain, Abdul Aziz, Khawaja Yusuf Shah and Sh....
in the greater interest of Muslims of his area. He used his family and political influence to help the people of his area.
After 1923, when Unionist party was formed by Sir Fazl-e-Hussain, he supported the Unionist Muslim League, Malik Umar Hayat Khan
Malik Umar Hayat Khan
Major General Sir Malik Mohammed Umar Hayat Khan GBE KCIE MVO , was a soldier of the Indian Empire, one of the largest landholders in the Punjab, and an elected member of the Council of State of India...
, Sir Sikander Hayat Khan. He believed, like other leaders of the party, that economic liberation should precede political liberation or else it would fail. The party won all the elections between 1923 and 1937. During this time, when the Unionist Party formed governments in the Punjab Province, lot of constructive work was done towards debt relief and irrigation system, and a province like Punjab was much dependent on the this irrigation system for its agricultural land.
Sufi Sarwar, though a great admirer of his father, in his book The Soon Valley criticized him and his brother for supporting the Unionist party, but we must not forget that during that period (1923–1937) the Muslim League was not active in the Punjab. Sir Muhammad Iqbal
Muhammad Iqbal
Sir Muhammad Iqbal , commonly referred to as Allama Iqbal , was a poet and philosopher born in Sialkot, then in the Punjab Province of British India, now in Pakistan...
himself was also a supporter of Unionist Party at that time. According to Ian Talbot, Iqbal and other urbanite Muslim members of PLC (1927–30) shared Fazl-i-Hussain views that Muslim interests could be better served through the Unionist Party, than by adopting a purely Muslim political platform. Samina Yasmeen writes in Communal Politics in Punjab (1925-1947) that "the birth of Unionist Party though was a tool to implement British policy, yet it would be not fair to ignore the contribution of those people who had joined the party with the belief that it will stand for the development of rural masses and would play its role for equitable distribution of monetary resources. They were also optimistic that not only the party would deal with the debt problem but would also take steps to achieve rightful share in services and educational institutions for rural youth. It was propagation of these issues that enabled Unionist rural elites to win over the support of common peasantry who joined the party with the hope that their problems would be resolved."
Muslim League
When, in May 1936, Sir Muhammad IqbalMuhammad Iqbal
Sir Muhammad Iqbal , commonly referred to as Allama Iqbal , was a poet and philosopher born in Sialkot, then in the Punjab Province of British India, now in Pakistan...
appealed to the Muslims of Punjab to support Muslim League, he started thinking about the support of Muslim League, and when in 1937 Sikander-Jinnah pact was signed he started supporting Muslim League.http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a790406572
He supported Sajjada Nashin
Sajjada nashin
The Sajjada Nashin is the descendant of a Sufi Pir or descendant of a disciple of a Pir, who tends to the shrine which is erected over the Pir's tomb or grave, known as a Dargah or Mazar....
Khwaja Qamar ul Din Sialvi
Khwaja Qamar ul Din Sialvi
Khwaja Qamar ul Din Sialvi known as Shaykh-ul-Islam was a Pakistani religious leader and politician. He is a waliullah of the Chishti order. He founded the political party Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan and became its president in 1970.-Early life and education:Khwaja Qamaruddin Sialvi was born on 24...
, who was president of District Shahpur Muslim League. He was also very influential in his region. They appealed to their people to vote against Tiwanas who were trying to defeat the Punjab Muslim League candidates in their constituencies. It was their efforts that Muslim League candidates won 100% seats in the constituencies of their area. Ian Talbot, writes
"Another leading Chisti, Sajjada Nashin, Pir Qamaruddin of Sial Sharif held a meeting on the outskirts of the Kalra estate in which he publicly challenged Khizr and Allah Baksh to come to terms with the Muslim League. ‘I have never begged for anything in my life before’, he declared, ‘but today I have come out of my home to beg for votes, believing God is present here (the meeting was being held in a mosque) it is Islamic to ask for vote and "religious" to give them.
The Muslim League is purely a religious movement in which all the rich, poor, sufis and scholars are participating. Not as a Pir but even as a Muslim, I have repeatedly advised Nawab Allah Baksh who is my Murid not to desert the Muslims at this critical time."
He died on 26 October 1953. He was buried in Naushera
Naushera
Naushera, also Naoshera, Urdu نوشهره is a village and one of the 51 Union Councils of Khushab District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan.. Naushera is the main town of Soon Valley. Situated in the heart of Soon Valley, Naushera is surrounded by high hills, beautiful lakes, jungles, natural pools...
, Soon Valley
See also
- HakeemHakim (title)' and ' are two Arabic titles derived from the same triliteral ḤKM "appoint, choose, judge". Compare the Hebrew title hakham.-Hakīm :...
- Muslim medicine
- Unani MedicineUnaniUnani-tibb or Unani Medicine also spelled Yunani Medicine means "Greek Medicine", and is a form of traditional medicine widely practiced in South Asia...
- All-India Muslim League
- Malik Umar Hayat KhanMalik Umar Hayat KhanMajor General Sir Malik Mohammed Umar Hayat Khan GBE KCIE MVO , was a soldier of the Indian Empire, one of the largest landholders in the Punjab, and an elected member of the Council of State of India...
- Sir Sikander Hayat Khan
- Sir Muhammad IqbalMuhammad IqbalSir Muhammad Iqbal , commonly referred to as Allama Iqbal , was a poet and philosopher born in Sialkot, then in the Punjab Province of British India, now in Pakistan...
- Mohammed Ali Jinnah