Quadruple Alliance (1815)
Encyclopedia
The Quadruple Alliance was a treaty signed in Paris on 20 November, 1815 by the United Kingdom
, Austria
, Prussia
, and Russia
. It renewed the alliance first agreed to in 1813 and it modified the aims of the alliance from defeating Napoleon Bonaparte to upholding the settlement following the Napoleonic Wars
: with France's admission in 1818, it became the Quintuple Alliance
, though British government distaste for the other allies' reactionary policies meant that it lapsed into ineffectiveness after the mid-1820s.
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
, Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
, Prussia
Prussia
Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history...
, and Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
. It renewed the alliance first agreed to in 1813 and it modified the aims of the alliance from defeating Napoleon Bonaparte to upholding the settlement following the Napoleonic Wars
Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars were a series of wars declared against Napoleon's French Empire by opposing coalitions that ran from 1803 to 1815. As a continuation of the wars sparked by the French Revolution of 1789, they revolutionised European armies and played out on an unprecedented scale, mainly due to...
: with France's admission in 1818, it became the Quintuple Alliance
Quintuple Alliance
The Quintuple Alliance came into being at the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1818, when France joined the Quadruple Alliance created by Russia, Austria, Prussia and the United Kingdom...
, though British government distaste for the other allies' reactionary policies meant that it lapsed into ineffectiveness after the mid-1820s.
Further reading
- Dictionary of American diplomatic history - Page 429 "QUADRUPLE ALLIANCE (1815-1818). The four nations in this alliance- Great Britain, Prussia, .."
- H. F. van Panhuys, International law in the Netherlands, T.M.C. Asser p. 52 "alliance system established in 1815-1818 would function. ... In this convention Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia had promised to aid each other ..."
- Thomas Dwight Veve, The Duke of Wellington and the British army of occupation in France, 1815-1818, Page 168