Quang Nam Province
Encyclopedia
Quảng Nam is a province
Provinces of Vietnam
Vietnam is divided into 58 provinces and five centrally governed cities existing at the same level as provinces ....

 on the South Central Coast
Nam Trung Bo
Nam Trung Bộ is one of the regions of Vietnam. It consists of the independent municipality of Đà Nẵng and seven other provinces. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region.The region has traditionally been one of the main gateways to...

 of Vietnam
Vietnam
Vietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...

. It is bordered by Thua Thien-Huế province
Thua Thien-Hue Province
Thừa Thiên-Huế is a province in the North Central Coast of Vietnam, approximately in the center of the country. It borders Quang Tri Provice to the north and Da Nang City to the south, Laos to the west and the South China Sea to the east. The province has 128 km of coastline, 22,000 ha of...

 to the north, the nation of Laos
Laos
Laos Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west...

 to the west, Kon Tum Province
Kon Tum Province
Kon Tum province lies in the Central Highlands region of Vietnam and shares borders with Laos and Cambodia. It has an area of 9,934 square km and a population of approximately 330,000. The economy is primarily agricultural.-Name:...

 to the southwest, Quảng Ngãi Province
Quang Ngai Province
Quảng Ngãi is a province in the South Central Coast region of Vietnam, on the coast of South China Sea. It is located 883 km south of Hanoi and 838 km north of Ho Chi Minh City.-History:...

 to the southeast, the South China Sea
South China Sea
The South China Sea is a marginal sea that is part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from the Singapore and Malacca Straits to the Strait of Taiwan of around...

 to the east, and the city of Da Nang
Da Nang
Đà Nẵng , occasionally Danang, is a major port city in the South Central Coast of Vietnam, on the coast of the South China Sea at the mouth of the Han River. It is the commercial and educational center of Central Vietnam; its well-sheltered, easily accessible port and its location on the path of...

 to the northeast.

Geography

Quang Nam by flat land along the coast and increasingly high elevations towards the west, with the highest elevations along the border to Laos
Laos
Laos Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west...

 and Kontum Province. The highest peak is Ngọc Linh
Ngoc Linh
Ngọc Linh mountain in Vietnam is 2,598-metre high, and straddles the two provinces of Quảng Nam and Kon Tum. It is considered "the roof of Vietnam"....

 mountain at 2598m. In contrast to the other provinces of the South Central Coast
Nam Trung Bo
Nam Trung Bộ is one of the regions of Vietnam. It consists of the independent municipality of Đà Nẵng and seven other provinces. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region.The region has traditionally been one of the main gateways to...

 there are no hills or mountains near the coast (with the exception of the Chàm Islands
Cham islands
The Cham Islands constitute a group of 8 small islands of Quảng Nam, which form a part of the Cu Lao Cham Marine Park, a world Biosphere Reserve recognized by UNESCO, in South China Sea in Vietnam. The islands are approachable from Cửa Đại beach...

 with a peak at 517m).

More than half of Quảng Nam’s area is covered by forests, making it one of the more forested provinces in Vietnam. Forests dominate in the west of the province and along the border to Quảng Ngãi Province
Quang Ngai Province
Quảng Ngãi is a province in the South Central Coast region of Vietnam, on the coast of South China Sea. It is located 883 km south of Hanoi and 838 km north of Ho Chi Minh City.-History:...

. 111,900ha of land are used for agriculture, mostly in the east of the province.

The Thu Bồn River
Thu Bồn River
The Thu Bồn River is a river in central Vietnam, located near Quang Nam Province.From its source near the border of Quang Nam and Quảng Ngãi provinces, it flows northwest through Bắc Trà My, Phú Ninh, Hiệp Đức and Quế Sơn districts; turning northeast, it forms the border between Đại Lộc district...

 system covers most of the province (except for the south-east), making it one of the largest river systems in central Vietnam. It led to the rise of an ancient Cham
Champa
The kingdom of Champa was an Indianized kingdom that controlled what is now southern and central Vietnam from approximately the 7th century through to 1832.The Cham people are remnants...

 city state that was once Champa’s most influential city and also included one of its most important commercial ports at Hội An
Hoi An
Hội An , or rarely Faifo, is a city of Vietnam, on the coast of the South China Sea in the South Central Coast of Vietnam. It is located in Quang Nam province and is home to approximately 120,000 inhabitants...

.

History

Quảng Nam was once the political and near the geographic centre of Champa
Champa
The kingdom of Champa was an Indianized kingdom that controlled what is now southern and central Vietnam from approximately the 7th century through to 1832.The Cham people are remnants...

. For some time both the most powerful city-state and the busiest Cham port (at Hội An
Hoi An
Hội An , or rarely Faifo, is a city of Vietnam, on the coast of the South China Sea in the South Central Coast of Vietnam. It is located in Quang Nam province and is home to approximately 120,000 inhabitants...

) were located in what is now Quảng Nam. Trade with luxury goods from the Central Highlands
Tây Nguyên
Tây Nguyên, translated as Western Highlands and sometimes also called Central Highlands, is one of the regions of Vietnam. It contains the provinces of Đắk Lắk, Đắk Nông, Gia Lai, Kon Tum, Lâm Đồng....

 was the basis of this wealth and power.
As a result of warfare with Vietnam
Vietnam
Vietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...

, the centre of political power of the Cham shifted south to Vijaya
Vijaya (Champa)
Vijaya was a city-state in the ancient kingdom of Champa in what is now south-central Vietnam. It was the capital of Champa for several centuries until it was conquered by Vietnam in 1471.-Geography, Economy, Transport:...

.
The trade in luxuries continued for some time under the Nguyễn Lords but declined gradually, especially under the Nguyễn Dynasty and further in colonial Vietnam, when the economic focus shifted to the agriculture of the large river deltas.

The province was split into two in 1962, with the southern half known as Quang Tin
Quang Tin
Quảng Tín was a province of South Vietnam. It was created from the part of Quang Nam province on the south side of the Que Son Valley on July 31, 1962. The capital was Tam Ky. During the Vietnam War it was the site of heavy fighting, including Operation Union I & II...

 Province. The two provinces were merged again after unification in 1976.

Quảng Nam was the site of heavy fighting during the Vietnam War
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War was a Cold War-era military conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. This war followed the First Indochina War and was fought between North Vietnam, supported by its communist allies, and the government of...

. Notable battles and operations include Battle of Hill 488
Battle of Hill 488
The Battle of Hill 488 was a military engagement of the Vietnam War that took place on the night of 15-16 June, 1966. A small United States Marine Corps reconnaissance platoon inflicted large casualties on regular North Vietnamese Army and Viet Cong fighters before withdrawing with only a few dead...

, Operation Swift
Operation Swift
Operation Swift was a military operation that took place in the Vietnam War. It was a search and destroy mission in the Que Son Valley carried out by the 1st Marine Division. Launched on September 4, 1967 the ensuing battles killed 114 Americans and an estimated 600 North Vietnamese...

, Operation Wheeler/Wallowa, Operation Union
Operation Union
Operation Union was a military operation conducted by the United States Marine Corps during the Vietnam War. It was a search and destroy mission in the Que Son Valley carried out by the 1st Marine Regiment. The object of the operation was the 2nd Division of the People’s Army of Vietnam...

 I & II
Operation Union II
Operation Union II was a military operation that took place in the Vietnam War. It was a search and destroy mission in the Que Son Valley carried out by the 5th Marine Regiment. Launched on May 26, 1967 the operation ended June 5. The North Vietnamese Army lost 701 killed and 23 captured, while U.S...

, Huế-Đà Nẵng Campaign, Ha My massacre
Ha My massacre
The Ha My massacre was a massacre conducted by the South Korean Marines on 25 February 1968 of unarmed citizens in Ha My village, Quang Nam in South Vietnam. The victims were 135 women, children and elders from the thirty households...

 and Phong Nhi and Phong Nhat massacre
Phong Nhi and Phong Nhat massacre
The Phong Nhi and Phong Nhat massacre was a massacre conducted by the 2nd Marine Brigade of the South Korean Marines on 12 February 1968 of unarmed citizens in Phong Nhi and Phong Nhat village, Dien Ban District of Quang Nam Province in South Vietnam....

.

Economy

Quảng Nam has two famous traditional products: the world's highest essential oil content Trà My cinnamon (aka Saigon cinnamon
Saigon Cinnamon
Saigon Cinnamon is an evergreen tree in the genus Cinnamomum, indigenous to mainland Southeast Asia. Despite its name, it is more closely related to cassia than to cinnamon , though in the same genus as both...

) and Ngọc Linh ginseng
Panax vietnamensis
Panax vietnamensis is a species of ginseng in Nam Trung Bo and Tay Nguyen regions of Vietnam, especially in Mount Ngọc Linh in Đăk Tô District, Kon Tum, a mountain whose name derives from the ginseng that grows there and in Trà My District of Quảng Nam Province...

. Quảng Nam is famous for its production of Saigon cinnamon.

The economy of Quảng Nam has been growing rapidly in recent years. GDP growth in 2010 was 12.7% and the goal for 2011 is 13.5%. Growth has been between 12 and 15% in the years from 2005 to 2007, mostly driven by a booming industrial sector (growing more than 20% per year) and to a lesser extent the service sector. GDP per capita in 2007 was 8.76 million Vietnamese dong, 65.2% of the national average.

Quang Nam’s economy has been diversified significantly during the first decade of the 21st century. Agriculture, forestry, and fishery made up 41.5% of the province’s GDP in 2000 but only 21.4% in 2010. This is only a relative decline. Growth of the first sector has been positive but overshadowed by industrial and service growth. It was between 2 and 4% between 2000 and 2007 and 4.5% in 2010. The vast majority of the work force is still employed in this sector: 524,700 out of 778,300 as of 2007 (down from 548,700 in 2000). Harvests of rice, which takes up 75% of the agricultural area, has increased from 329,900 tons in 2000 to 395,100 tons in 2007 (1.1% of the national rice output).
The cultivation of industrial crops has experienced a significant transformation. The production of some crops has declined significantly: sugar cane from 170,400t in 2000 to 46,500t in 2007, tobacco from 2200t to 900t, tea from 1935t to 821t, and coconut from 8741t to 3675t, while the output of other crops has been increased: peanuts from 10,700t to 16,900t, rubber from 0t to 186t, pepper from 22t to 205t, and cashew nuts from 362t to 2345t. Given the recent significant expansion of rubber plantations, this crop is likely to grow further. So far, only peanut cultivation is significant in a national context, making up 3.35% of national output, while the other non-cereal crops contribute less than 1%.

Industrial GDP has been the main driving force of Quang Nam’s economy in the first decade of the century. In 2010 it contributed 40.1% to the provincial GDP, up from just 25.3% in 2000 and employed 99,600 workers in 2007, compared to 51,600 in 2000. Industrial GDP has increased 2.48 times between 2000 and 2007 and continues to grow at around 20%.
Chu Lai Economic Zone is located in the south of the province along National Road 1 and is the site of many of the province’s factories. A smaller industrial zone is located in Tam Ky with factories producing electrical equipment, garments, and processed wood.
Major industrial export products include leather shoes (US$51.26 million in 2007), garments (US$31.33 million), wooden products (US$8.587million), and paper materials (US$2.136 million). Industrial products more oriented towards the domestic market include fish sauce (3.69 million liters), bricks (253 million pieces), fabric (52.5 million meters), and hand farming tools (2 million pieces).

Transportation

National Road 1A runs through the east of the province. Both Tam Ky and Chu Lai Economic Zone are located along this road, while Hoi An
Hoi An
Hội An , or rarely Faifo, is a city of Vietnam, on the coast of the South China Sea in the South Central Coast of Vietnam. It is located in Quang Nam province and is home to approximately 120,000 inhabitants...

 is around 10 km east of it. National Road 14 runs from Thừa Thiên-Huế Province
Thua Thien-Hue Province
Thừa Thiên-Huế is a province in the North Central Coast of Vietnam, approximately in the center of the country. It borders Quang Tri Provice to the north and Da Nang City to the south, Laos to the west and the South China Sea to the east. The province has 128 km of coastline, 22,000 ha of...

 through the west of Quang Nam to Đắk Glei District in Kontum Province in the Central Highlands
Tây Nguyên
Tây Nguyên, translated as Western Highlands and sometimes also called Central Highlands, is one of the regions of Vietnam. It contains the provinces of Đắk Lắk, Đắk Nông, Gia Lai, Kon Tum, Lâm Đồng....

. It is connected to National Road 1A by 14B in north and 14E in central Quang Nam and the border to Laos
Laos
Laos Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west...

 through 14D.
57.7% of the roads in (national, provincial, or district) are paved with asphalt, which is somewhat above the median value of provinces in Vietnam. The value is much higher and significantly better than the median for provincially managed roads: 87.68%. Only 29% of respondents to a survey of businesses in 2009 stated that road quality is good or very good (slightly above the median).

Vietnam's North-South Railway
North-South Railway, Vietnam
The Vietnam North-South Railway, also known as the Reunification Express, is a railway that runs from Ha Noi to Ho Chi Minh City. The total length of this railway is , with a gauge of metre gauge...

 runs through the provinces. Some, but not all, trains stop at Tam Ky Railway Station
Tam Ky Railway Station
Tam Ky Railway Station is one of the main railway stations on the North-South Railway in Vietnam. It serves the city of Tam Ky....

 serving the provincial capital Tam Ky.

Da Nang International Airport
Da Nang International Airport
Da Nang International Airport is located in Da Nang, the largest city in central Vietnam. It is the third international airport in the country, besides Noi Bai International Airport and Tan Son Nhat International Airport , and is an important gateway to access central Vietnam.In addition to its...

 is located in Da Nang just north of Quang Nam. Another airport, Chu Lai Airport is located in Núi Thành District in the south of the province near Quảng Ngãi Province
Quang Ngai Province
Quảng Ngãi is a province in the South Central Coast region of Vietnam, on the coast of South China Sea. It is located 883 km south of Hanoi and 838 km north of Ho Chi Minh City.-History:...

, serving Chu Lai Economic Zone.

Places of interest

The province has two UNESCO
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations...

 World Heritage Site
World Heritage Site
A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a place that is listed by the UNESCO as of special cultural or physical significance...

s: the ancient town of Hội An
Hoi An
Hội An , or rarely Faifo, is a city of Vietnam, on the coast of the South China Sea in the South Central Coast of Vietnam. It is located in Quang Nam province and is home to approximately 120,000 inhabitants...

 and the Mỹ Sơn temple complex. It also lies on the World Heritage Road which connects different World Heritage Sites in Central Vietnam.

Another popular tourist site is Cu Lao Cham
Cu Lao Cham Marine Park
Cu Lao Cham Marine Park also known as Cham Islands Biosphere Reserve is part of the eight islets of Cham Island, located in South China Sea under the administration of Tân Hiệp Commune and Hoi An town, in Quang Nam province, Vietnam...

 (Cham Islands
Cham islands
The Cham Islands constitute a group of 8 small islands of Quảng Nam, which form a part of the Cu Lao Cham Marine Park, a world Biosphere Reserve recognized by UNESCO, in South China Sea in Vietnam. The islands are approachable from Cửa Đại beach...

).

Administration

Quảng Nam is divided into 15 districts:
  • Bắc Trà My
    Bac Tra My
    Bắc Trà My is a district of Quang Nam Province in the South Central Coastal region of Vietnam. The district is known for its production of Saigon Cinnamon. As of 2003 the district had a population of 21,139. The district covers an area of 823 km². The district capital lies at Tra...

  • Duy Xuyên
    Duy Xuyen
    Duy Xuyên is a district of Quang Nam Province in the South Central Coastal region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of . The district covers an area of 298 km². The district capital lies at Nam Phuoc.-References:...

  • Đại Lộc
  • Điện Bàn
  • Đông Giang
  • Hiệp Đức
  • Nam Giang
    Nam Giang
    Nam Giang is a district of Quang Nam province in the South Central Coastal region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 19,570. The district covers an area of 1,895 km². The district capital lies at Thanh My....

  • Nam Trà My
    Nam Tra My
    Nam Trà My is a rural district of Quang Nam province in the South Central Coastal region of Vietnam. The district is known for its production of Saigon Cinnamon. As of 2003 the district had a population of 37,559. The district covers an area of 787 km². The district capital lies at Tra My....

  • Núi Thành
    Nui Thanh
    Núi Thành is a district of Quang Nam province in the South Central Coast region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 142,020. The district covers an area of 533 km². The district capital lies at Nui Thanh.-References:...

  • Phú Ninh
  • Phước Sơn
    Phuoc Son
    Phước Sơn is a rural district of Quang Nam province in the South Central Coastal region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of . The district covers an area of 1,141 km². The district capital lies at Kham Duc.-References:...

  • Quế Sơn
    Quế Sơn
    Quế Sơn is a commune and village in Sơn Động District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:...

  • Tây Giang
    Tay Giang
    Tây Giang is a rural district of Quang Nam province in the South Central Coastal region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 13,926. The district covers an area of 901 km². The district capital lies at A Tieng.-References:...

  • Thăng Bình
    Thang Binh
    Thăng Bình is a rural district of Quang Nam province in the South Central Coastal region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 186,964. The district covers an area of 385 km². The district capital lies at Ha Lam....

  • Tiên Phước
    Tien Phuoc
    Tiên Phước is a rural district of Quang Nam province in the South Central Coastal region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 73,717. The district covers an area of 453 km². The district capital lies at Tien Ky....

  • Nông Sơn


The capital city of Tam Kỳ and the town of Hội An
Hoi An
Hội An , or rarely Faifo, is a city of Vietnam, on the coast of the South China Sea in the South Central Coast of Vietnam. It is located in Quang Nam province and is home to approximately 120,000 inhabitants...

 (a UNESCO world heritage site) are separate municipalities.

External links

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