RENFE Class 352
Encyclopedia
The RENFE Class 352 was a class of twin engined diesel hydraulic four axle locomotives built by Krauss-Maffei, designed solely for passenger traffic; in particular they were responsible for towing andalusia
n Talgo III
trains.
The class were very successful, heralding a new era of passenger trains in Spain
They were delivered in 1964 and 1965, they were not fully withdrawn until the 1990s
Unlike the fixed formation Talgo II trains, the Talgo III was to have a locomotive which was separable from the coaches. Five locomotives were initially built by Krauss-Maffei
, who gave the locomotives the internal designation ML 2400; in Spain they are placed in the class 2000-T. The Krauss-Maffei design is chosen since no other manufacturer offers similar power in the reduced height, and low centre of gravity that matches the Talgo trainsets, the internal design is very similar to the DB Class V 200.0 with the same engine and hydraulic drive, and similar bogies, though the exterior, and gauge are totally different. A further five locomotives were then built by Babcock & Wilcox
under license.
Being designed solely in order to pull Talgo III trains they have only one cab, an automatic Scharfenberg coupler, buffers specially adapted, and the necessary auxiliary power supply equipment. Each locomotive has two engines, each with its own transmission The two twelve cylinder engines each developed 1200 hp and initially travelled at a maximum speed of 140 kilometres per hour (87 mph), a high speed for the time. In 1986 the maximum line speed limit was increased by RENFE to 160 km/h (99.4 mph).
Upon delivery of the 2000 T the trains are tested using wagons from Transfesa
, which were available at the time. AT delivery and decommissioning they carried a red and silver livery, like all locomotives for the Talgo service, they are given names.
Initially the locomotives had a 'wrap around' windscreen, in the 1980s they were refurbished with the windscreen replaced as part of a cab upgrade and air condition was fitted on the roof at the same time.
.
The first arrivals were assigned to Talgo services from Barcelona
to Madrid
from 20 August 1964. Hendaye
, Bilbao
and Seville
are also destinations served, at the time they are the fastest machines of the Spanish Railways: On June 7, 1966, 2005T reached a speed of 200 km/h between Sevilla and Los Rosales.
Electrification, and the introduction in the 1970s of the Japanese RENFE Class 269 displaced the locomotives onto non electrified lines. From then on Class 352 are used on non-electrified lines such as Badajoz
- Lisbon
, Granada
- Almeria
, Murcia
- Cartagena
.
In 1980 352-004 is altered in order to tow the new Talgo pendular trains; working between Zaragoza
and Madrid from June 1980. Later on it is used on Talgo pendular trains between Madrid and Cartagena
.
Between September 1995 to April 1996, 352-004 is used on the Talgo pendular Madrid - Cartagena replacing the damaged 354-008.
The locomotives started to be decommissioned at the turn of the century - with machines requiring major work being removed rather than repaired. In time the last of the class to cease work was 312-001 (which was also the first delivered) was withdrawn in 2002 having given 38 years of service with over 7 million kilometers travelled.
The front cabin of 352-005 is on display at the railway museum Museo del Ferrocarril of Vilanova
, whilst the front of 352-001 was given to the railway museum of Arganda. The control panel of one Class 352 is also kept in the museum of Délicias.
Andalusia
Andalusia is the most populous and the second largest in area of the autonomous communities of Spain. The Andalusian autonomous community is officially recognised as a nationality of Spain. The territory is divided into eight provinces: Huelva, Seville, Cádiz, Córdoba, Málaga, Jaén, Granada and...
n Talgo III
Talgo
Talgo is a Spanish manufacturer of railway vehicles. It is best known for a design of articulated railway passenger cars in which the wheels are mounted in pairs, but not joined by an axle, and being between rather than underneath the individual coaches...
trains.
The class were very successful, heralding a new era of passenger trains in Spain
They were delivered in 1964 and 1965, they were not fully withdrawn until the 1990s
Background and design
With the Talgo II coaches proved successful, and a new class of coaches - the Talgo III being introduced in the early 1960s, a new type of express locomotive was required to pull them. On the 28th May 1962, the Board of Directors of RENFE placed an order locomotives needed, and the 2000-T series is born.Unlike the fixed formation Talgo II trains, the Talgo III was to have a locomotive which was separable from the coaches. Five locomotives were initially built by Krauss-Maffei
Krauss-Maffei
The Krauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH & Co KG or simply Krauss-Maffei is an injection molding machine manufacturer and defence company based in Munich, Germany...
, who gave the locomotives the internal designation ML 2400; in Spain they are placed in the class 2000-T. The Krauss-Maffei design is chosen since no other manufacturer offers similar power in the reduced height, and low centre of gravity that matches the Talgo trainsets, the internal design is very similar to the DB Class V 200.0 with the same engine and hydraulic drive, and similar bogies, though the exterior, and gauge are totally different. A further five locomotives were then built by Babcock & Wilcox
Babcock and Wilcox
The Babcock & Wilcox Company is a U.S.-based company that provides design, engineering, manufacturing, construction and facilities management services to nuclear, renewable, fossil power, industrial and government customers worldwide. B&W's boilers supply more than 300,000 megawatts of installed...
under license.
Being designed solely in order to pull Talgo III trains they have only one cab, an automatic Scharfenberg coupler, buffers specially adapted, and the necessary auxiliary power supply equipment. Each locomotive has two engines, each with its own transmission The two twelve cylinder engines each developed 1200 hp and initially travelled at a maximum speed of 140 kilometres per hour (87 mph), a high speed for the time. In 1986 the maximum line speed limit was increased by RENFE to 160 km/h (99.4 mph).
Upon delivery of the 2000 T the trains are tested using wagons from Transfesa
Transfesa
Transfesa is a transport company based in Madrid, Spain.-Company description:Transfesa it is a transport and logistics service provider and European intermodal operator....
, which were available at the time. AT delivery and decommissioning they carried a red and silver livery, like all locomotives for the Talgo service, they are given names.
Initially the locomotives had a 'wrap around' windscreen, in the 1980s they were refurbished with the windscreen replaced as part of a cab upgrade and air condition was fitted on the roof at the same time.
Operations
Upon delivery, all were assigned to AravacaAravaca
Aravaca is a barrio of the city of Madrid, in the Moncloa district. It is from the city centre, on the other side of Casa de Campo park. The population of the barrio is 29,547 , divided between three areas: Aravaca , Valdemarín and El Plantío -History:During the Spanish Civil War, Aravaca was on...
.
The first arrivals were assigned to Talgo services from Barcelona
Barcelona
Barcelona is the second largest city in Spain after Madrid, and the capital of Catalonia, with a population of 1,621,537 within its administrative limits on a land area of...
to Madrid
Madrid
Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
from 20 August 1964. Hendaye
Hendaye
Hendaye is the most south-westerly town and commune in France, lying in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department and located in the traditional province Lapurdi of the French Basque Country...
, Bilbao
Bilbao
Bilbao ) is a Spanish municipality, capital of the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country. With a population of 353,187 , it is the largest city of its autonomous community and the tenth largest in Spain...
and Seville
Seville
Seville is the artistic, historic, cultural, and financial capital of southern Spain. It is the capital of the autonomous community of Andalusia and of the province of Seville. It is situated on the plain of the River Guadalquivir, with an average elevation of above sea level...
are also destinations served, at the time they are the fastest machines of the Spanish Railways: On June 7, 1966, 2005T reached a speed of 200 km/h between Sevilla and Los Rosales.
Electrification, and the introduction in the 1970s of the Japanese RENFE Class 269 displaced the locomotives onto non electrified lines. From then on Class 352 are used on non-electrified lines such as Badajoz
Badajoz
Badajoz is the capital of the Province of Badajoz in the autonomous community of Extremadura, Spain, situated close to the Portuguese border, on the left bank of the river Guadiana, and the Madrid–Lisbon railway. The population in 2007 was 145,257....
- Lisbon
Lisbon
Lisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...
, Granada
Granada
Granada is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Granada is located at the foot of the Sierra Nevada mountains, at the confluence of three rivers, the Beiro, the Darro and the Genil. It sits at an elevation of 738 metres above sea...
- Almeria
Almería
Almería is a city in Andalusia, Spain, on the Mediterranean Sea. It is the capital of the province of the same name.-Toponym:Tradition says that the name Almería stems from the Arabic المرية Al-Mariyya: "The Mirror", comparing it to "The Mirror of the Sea"...
, Murcia
Murcia
-History:It is widely believed that Murcia's name is derived from the Latin words of Myrtea or Murtea, meaning land of Myrtle , although it may also be a derivation of the word Murtia, which would mean Murtius Village...
- Cartagena
Cartagena, Spain
Cartagena is a Spanish city and a major naval station located in the Region of Murcia, by the Mediterranean coast, south-eastern Spain. As of January 2011, it has a population of 218,210 inhabitants being the Region’s second largest municipality and the country’s 6th non-Province capital...
.
In 1980 352-004 is altered in order to tow the new Talgo pendular trains; working between Zaragoza
Zaragoza
Zaragoza , also called Saragossa in English, is the capital city of the Zaragoza Province and of the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain...
and Madrid from June 1980. Later on it is used on Talgo pendular trains between Madrid and Cartagena
Cartagena, Spain
Cartagena is a Spanish city and a major naval station located in the Region of Murcia, by the Mediterranean coast, south-eastern Spain. As of January 2011, it has a population of 218,210 inhabitants being the Region’s second largest municipality and the country’s 6th non-Province capital...
.
Between September 1995 to April 1996, 352-004 is used on the Talgo pendular Madrid - Cartagena replacing the damaged 354-008.
The locomotives started to be decommissioned at the turn of the century - with machines requiring major work being removed rather than repaired. In time the last of the class to cease work was 312-001 (which was also the first delivered) was withdrawn in 2002 having given 38 years of service with over 7 million kilometers travelled.
Names and fleet details
| Original number | UIC number | Name | Constructer | constructor number | Year | Withdrawn | Kilometers worked |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 T | 352-001-2 | "Virgen del Rosario" | Krauss-Maffei Krauss-Maffei The Krauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH & Co KG or simply Krauss-Maffei is an injection molding machine manufacturer and defence company based in Munich, Germany... |
19094 | 1964 | 22/04/2002 | 7443836 |
| 2002 T | 352-002-0 | "Virgen Peregrina" | 19095 | 1964 | 27/04/1993 | 5416678 | |
| 2003 T | 352-003-8 | "Virgen del Perpetuo Socorro" | 19096 | 1964 | 8/06/2001 | 7253459 | |
| 2004 T | 352-004-6 | "Virgen del Camino" | 19097 | 1964 | 21/12/1997 | 6262292 | |
| 2005 T | 352-005-3 | "Virgen del Carmen" | 19098 | 1964 | 28/06/1998 | 6873765 | |
| 2006 T | 352-006-1 | "Virgen Santa Maria" | Babcock & Wilcox | 888 | 1965 | 9/07/1999 | 6846166 |
| 2007 T | 352-007-9 | "Virgen de la Almudena" | 889 | 1965 | 27/02/1993 | 5543765 | |
| 2008 T | 352-008-7 | "Virgen de la Soledad" | 890 | 1965 | 19/05/2002 | 7144582 | |
| 2009 T | 352-009-5 | "Virgen de Gracia" | 891 | 1965 | 20/05/2002 | 7405093 | |
| 2010 T | 352-010-3 | "Virgen de los Reyes" | 892 | 1965 | 23/10/1994 | 5948783 |
After withdrawal
352-009 is preserved under the National Museum of the railways.The front cabin of 352-005 is on display at the railway museum Museo del Ferrocarril of Vilanova
Vilanova i la Geltrú
Vilanova i la Geltrú is a city in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain and the capital of the Garraf comarca. Originally a fishing port, the city has a growing population of approximately 66,000, and is situated 40 km south-west of Barcelona, with the more famous coastal resort of...
, whilst the front of 352-001 was given to the railway museum of Arganda. The control panel of one Class 352 is also kept in the museum of Délicias.
See also
- RENFE Class 353RENFE Class 353The RENFE Class 353, formerly known as the T-3000 are a class of diesel hydraulic locomotives built by Krauss-Maffei for express trains in Spain.- Background and design :...
, RENFE Class 354RENFE Class 354The RENFE Class 354 is a series of eight diesel hydraulic locomotives manufactured by Krauss-Maffei in Germany specifically to pull Talgo pendular coaches which were introduced shortly before the acquisition of these machines....
- subsequent faster and more powerful locomotives built to a very similar design by Krauss-Maffei.
Literature
- Casas Juan Carlos : Locomotoras diesel 352 y 353. in Via Libre n° 483, 02/2005
- Salmeron i Bosch, Carles : Las locomotoras de España. Editorial Terminus, Barcelona, 1985