RGS14
Encyclopedia
Regulator of G-protein signaling 14 (RGS14) is a protein
that in humans is encoded by the RGS14 gene
.
family. This protein contains one RGS domain, two Raf-like Ras-binding domain
s (RBDs), and one GoLoco motif
. The protein attenuates the signaling activity of G-proteins by binding, through its GoLoco domain, to specific types of activated, GTP
-bound G alpha subunits. Acting as a GTPase
activating protein (GAP), the protein increases the rate of conversion of the GTP to GDP
. This hydrolysis allows the G alpha subunits to bind G beta/gamma
subunit heterodimers, forming inactive G-protein heterotrimers, thereby terminating the signal. Alternate transcriptional splice variants of this gene have been observed but have not been thoroughly characterized.
Increasing the expression of the RGS14 protein in the V2 secondary visual cortex of mice promotes the conversion of short-term to long-term object-recognition memory
. Conversely RGS14 is enriched in CA2 pyramidal neurons and suppresses synaptic plasticity
of these synapses and hippocampal
-based learning and memory.
with:
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
that in humans is encoded by the RGS14 gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
.
Function
RGS14 is a member of the regulator of G protein signallingRegulator of G protein signalling
Regulators of G protein signalling are protein structural domains that activate GTPases for heterotrimeric G-protein alpha-subunits....
family. This protein contains one RGS domain, two Raf-like Ras-binding domain
Raf-like Ras-binding domain
Raf-like Ras-binding domain is an evolutionary conserved protein domain. This is the Ras-binding domain found in proteins related to Ras.- Examples :Human proteins containing this domain include:* ARAF* BRAF* RAF1* RGS12, RGS14* TIAM1...
s (RBDs), and one GoLoco motif
GoLoco motif
GoLoco motif is a protein structural motif.In heterotrimeric G-protein signalling, cell surface receptors are coupled to membrane-associated heterotrimers comprising a GTP-hydrolyzing subunit G-alpha and a G-beta/G-gamma dimer. The inactive form contains the alpha subunit bound to GDP and...
. The protein attenuates the signaling activity of G-proteins by binding, through its GoLoco domain, to specific types of activated, GTP
Guanosine triphosphate
Guanosine-5'-triphosphate is a purine nucleoside triphosphate. It can act as a substrate for the synthesis of RNA during the transcription process...
-bound G alpha subunits. Acting as a GTPase
GTPase
GTPases are a large family of hydrolase enzymes that can bind and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate . The GTP binding and hydrolysis takes place in the highly conserved G domain common to all GTPases.-Functions:...
activating protein (GAP), the protein increases the rate of conversion of the GTP to GDP
Guanosine diphosphate
Guanosine diphosphate, abbreviated GDP, is a nucleoside diphosphate. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleoside guanosine. GDP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase guanine....
. This hydrolysis allows the G alpha subunits to bind G beta/gamma
Beta-gamma complex
]]The beta-gamma complex is composed of the heterotrimeric G proteins Gβ and Gγ that are closely bound to one another....
subunit heterodimers, forming inactive G-protein heterotrimers, thereby terminating the signal. Alternate transcriptional splice variants of this gene have been observed but have not been thoroughly characterized.
Increasing the expression of the RGS14 protein in the V2 secondary visual cortex of mice promotes the conversion of short-term to long-term object-recognition memory
Recognition memory
Recognition memory is a subcategory of declarative memory Essentially, recognition memory is the ability to recognize previously encountered events, objects, or people...
. Conversely RGS14 is enriched in CA2 pyramidal neurons and suppresses synaptic plasticity
Synaptic plasticity
In neuroscience, synaptic plasticity is the ability of the connection, or synapse, between two neurons to change in strength in response to either use or disuse of transmission over synaptic pathways. Plastic change also results from the alteration of the number of receptors located on a synapse...
of these synapses and hippocampal
Hippocampus
The hippocampus is a major component of the brains of humans and other vertebrates. It belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory and spatial navigation. Humans and other mammals have two hippocampi, one in...
-based learning and memory.
Interactions
RGS14 has been shown to interactProtein-protein interaction
Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...
with:
- GNAI1GNAI1Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G, alpha-1 subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNAI1 gene.-Interactions:GNAI1 has been shown to interact with GPR143, RGS14, RIC8A, S1PR1, RGS12 and RGS19.-Further reading:...
and - GNAI3GNAI3Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNAI3 gene.-Interactions:GNAI3 has been shown to interact with RGS14, RIC8A, RGS18, S1PR1, RGS12, RGS16, RGS19, RGS10 and RGS5.-Further reading:...
.