"Rabbit rabbit" is a common British superstition

Superstition

Superstition is a belief in supernatural causality: that one event leads to the cause of another without any process in the physical world linking the two events....

. The most common modern version states that a person should say "rabbit

Rabbit

Rabbits are small mammals in the family Leporidae of the order Lagomorpha, found in several parts of the world...

, rabbit, white rabbit", "rabbit, rabbit, rabbit", "rabbits, rabbits, rabbits", "rabbit, rabbit" or simply "white rabbits" upon waking on the first day of each new month, and on doing so will receive good luck

Luck

Luck or fortuity is good fortune which occurs beyond one's control, without regard to one's will, intention, or desired result. There are at least two senses people usually mean when they use the term, the prescriptive sense and the descriptive sense...

 for the duration of that month. In the United States

United States

The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

, the tradition is especially common in Nantucket, Cape Cod

Cape Cod

Cape Cod, often referred to locally as simply the Cape, is a cape in the easternmost portion of the state of Massachusetts, in the Northeastern United States...

, other towns within Massachusetts

Massachusetts

The Commonwealth of Massachusetts is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. As of the 2010...

, and throughout Vermont, notably in Middlebury and Chester.

Origins and history

The exact origin of the superstition is unknown, though it has appeared in print at least as early as 1922:

“Why,” the man in the brown hat laughed at him, “I thought everybody knew ’Rabbit, rabbit, rabbit.’ If you say ‘Rabbit, rabbit, rabbit’—three times, just like that—first thing in the morning on the first of the month, even before you say your prayers, you’ll get a present before the end of the month.”

However, some reports place its origins even earlier, into the 1800s. Today it has spread to most of the English-speaking countries of the world, although, like all folklore, determining its exact area of distribution is difficult. This superstition is related to the broader belief in the rabbit or hare being a "lucky" animal, as exhibited in the practice of carrying a rabbit's foot

Rabbit's foot

In some cultures, the foot of a rabbit is carried as an amulet believed to bring good luck. This belief is held by individuals in a great number of places around the world including Europe, China, Africa, and North and South America. It is likely that this belief has existed in Europe since 600 BC...

 for luck. Some have also believed it represents jumping into the future and moving ahead with life and happiness.

Variations

As with most folklore, which is traditionally spread by word of mouth, there are numerous variant versions of the "rabbit, rabbit" superstition, in some cases specific to a certain time period or region. There are hundreds of variants, some of the most common of which include:

• When the words, "rabbit, rabbit" are spoken to any person on the first of the month, for the rest of the month the speaker receives the luck of all who heard the phrase.

• In some parts of Lancashire
  Lancashire
  Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England. It takes its name from the city of Lancaster, and is sometimes known as the County of Lancaster. Although Lancaster is still considered to be the county town, Lancashire County Council is based in Preston...
  
   and the adjacent counties, it is considered unlucky by some to shoot a black rabbit. This is because they were once believed to be ancestral spirits returning in that form. In Somerset
  Somerset
  The ceremonial and non-metropolitan county of Somerset in South West England borders Bristol and Gloucestershire to the north, Wiltshire to the east, Dorset to the south-east, and Devon to the south-west. It is partly bounded to the north and west by the Bristol Channel and the estuary of the...
  
  , white rabbits are said to be witches. That anyone really believes this now is improbable; nevertheless, white rabbits are not popular as children's pets, and they are sometimes left alone and not shot. A luck-bringing custom found all over Great Britain is to say "rabbits" or "white rabbits" once or three times on the first day of the month. It must be said early in the morning, before any other word has been uttered, otherwise the charm loses its force. In some districts it is considered necessary to say "hares" or "black rabbits" when going to bed on the night before, as well as "rabbits" or "white rabbits" in the morning. If, however, the speaker becomes muddled and says "black rabbits" on rising, bad luck will follow. The looked-for result of all this is variously given as general good luck during the ensuing four weeks, or the receipt of a gift within a few days.

• It is believed that saying "rabbit rabbit" on the first day of the New Year will bring yearlong good luck.

• The converse: instead of believing that saying it will bring good luck, believing that not saying it will bring bad luck.

• Being the first to say "rabbit rabbit" to a person on the first of the month will bring good luck.

• Instead of saying "rabbit, rabbit", saying just "rabbit", or "rabbits". Some also extend it to three rabbits: "rabbit, rabbit, rabbit", which has some of the earliest written references.

• The earliest referenced usage may be to saying "rabbits" three times before going to sleep the last night of the month, and then "hares" three times first thing upon waking, though just two years later, it was three "rabbits" in the morning with no "hares" at all.

• Alan Zweibel
  Alan Zweibel
  Alan Zweibel is an American producer and writer who has worked on such productions as Saturday Night Live, PBS' Great Performances, and It's Garry Shandling's Show.-Early life:...
  
   used a variation as the title of his book, Bunny, Bunny, which recounted his friendship with Gilda Radner.

• Using the night of the new moon
  New moon
  In astronomical terminology, the new moon is the lunar phase that occurs when the Moon, in its monthly orbital motion around Earth, lies between Earth and the Sun, and is therefore in conjunction with the Sun as seen from Earth...
  
   (traditionally the first day of the lunar month) instead of the first night of the month.

• Another variation is "bunny bunny hop hop" or "bunny bunny rabbit rabbit."

• Saying "black rabbits" the night before, and "white rabbits" on the morning in question.

• Believing that the effect is stronger on one's month of birth.

• Referring to the first day of each month as "Rabbit Day".

• Various ways to counteract forgetting to say it, most commonly saying it backwards ("tibbar, tibbar") before falling asleep or saying "moose moose" upon waking on the second day of the month.

• A different but related practice of saying "Happy White Rabbit's Day" to someone in order to bring good luck.

• Making "rabbit, rabbit" be the last words said on the last of the month and the first words said on the first of the month.

• One variation involves an element of competition: Saying "rabbit, rabbit" to another person on the first of the month entitles the speaker to the luck of the listener for the duration of the month.

• Another variation is that the first person to say "rabbit, rabbit" on the last day of the month and "tibbar, tibbar" on the first day of the month wins bragging rights for the duration of the month.

• Traditions also extend to saying on the first of each month: "A pinch and a punch for the first day of the month; white rabbit!" White rabbit is declared to be the "no returns" policy on the "pinch and the punch" the receiver felt. A small concession exists, for recipients of the "pinch and a punch", where white rabbit declaration (no returns) is not made. Recipients may in this case reply with "A flick and a kick for being so quick." In some areas, it is simply, "Pinch, punch, first the month, no returns back!" Additionally, there is a way to defeat the white rabbit/no returns declaration. This is by introducing magic mirror glue. The following is an example of such a play, Person 1: "Hey X, a pinch and a punch for the first day of the month; white rabbit!" Person 2: "Not happening Y, I declare Magic Mirror Glue, today's punches and kicks bounce off me and stick to you!" Person 2 is then free to pinch/punch/kick said instigator.

• Saying "White rabbits, white rabbits, white rabbits".

• A more modern variation is to say "rabbit, rabbit" to someone on the first day of the month, and whoever says it first wins. The idea of luck is not involved.

• Some couples have a tradition that the first to say rabbit rabbit on day entitles the sayer to a gift.

• Saying "white rabbit, white rabbit, white rabbit" as the first words of the month, before getting out of bed—and the speaker must first reverse position, so that speaker's head is at the foot of the bed and vice versa.

• Harold Nicolson
  Harold Nicolson
  Sir Harold George Nicolson KCVO CMG was an English diplomat, author, diarist and politician. He was the husband of writer Vita Sackville-West, their unusual relationship being described in their son's book, Portrait of a Marriage.-Early life:Nicolson was born in Tehran, Persia, the younger son of...
  
  , (1886–1968) politician and diplomat, often said "rabbits" not only on the first of the month, but as a general talisman in his long-running diary, held at Balliol College, Oxford
  Balliol College, Oxford
  Balliol College , founded in 1263, is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England but founded by a family with strong Scottish connections....
  
  .

• Around 1920 the following belief is common in many parts of Great Britain, with local variants: To secure good luck of some kind, usually a present, one should say "rabbits" three times just before going to sleep on the last day of the month, and then "hares" three times on waking the next morning.

• The band Jawbreaker
  Jawbreaker (band)
  Jawbreaker was an American punk rock band active from 1986 to 1996 and considered one of the most influential acts of the early-1990s emo movement...
  
   makes reference to the superstition in their song Jinx Removing.

• Another variation brought about by the Polish is the phrase "Bunny, Bunny".

• In some areas of rural Alabama, it is standard practice to play "Rabbit, Rabbit, Goose" instead of the more common "Duck, Duck, Goose" played by schoolchildren elsewhere.

• Chick McGee
  Chick McGee
  Charles Hayes is a radio personality who appears on The Bob & Tom Show. The name "Chick McGee" is a pseudonym connected with the Jack McGee character on The Incredible Hulk.-Education:...
  
   from The Bob and Tom Show says "rabbit, rabbit, rabbit", on the air, at the beginning of each month for good luck.

• In the early 1990s, Nickelodeon
  Nickelodeon (TV channel)
  Nickelodeon, often simply called Nick and originally named Pinwheel, is an American children's channel owned by MTV Networks, a subsidiary of Viacom International. The channel is primarily aimed at children ages 7–17, with the exception of their weekday morning program block aimed at preschoolers...
  
  had a segment called "Nick days", which had an event for every day of the year. The first of every month was "Rabbit Rabbit Day". According to the segment, the phrase "rabbit rabbit" must be the first thing said after waking on the first day of the month.

• In some areas of the Southern United States, such as Tennessee and Mississippi and Maryland, campers will say "I hate white rabbits" in response to campfire smoke blowing into their face, hoping the smoke will go elsewhere.

• In Ireland, children traditionally say "coinín bán" (Irish for "white rabbit") the first time they meet someone on the 1st day of any month.

• The podcast, Smart Mouths, has caused a phenomenon where listeners say and tweet "rabbit rabbit" the first day of every month. It reached Twitter Trend status in June 2009

• In some areas in Georgia, particularly in the Atlanta area, many people have begun saying "wabbit wabbit" as another variation.

• In central Pennsylvania, the custom is to say "Rabbit" last thing before going to sleep on the last day of the month, and to say it again first thing on the first day of the month.

• In northern New England, it is sometimes customary to say "rabbit rabbit" at the beginning of a new day (00:00), although this isn't considered to have the impact of saying it upon the start of a new month.

• For luck, the following must be spoken before noon on the first day of the month: "Rabbits rot, rabbits cold, rabbits new, rabbits old, rabbits tender, rabbits tough, rabbits I've had enough." (Origin UK, possibly London, Hampshire or Derbyshire.)

• When smoke from a camp fire is blowing around instead of directly upwards, Gypsies used to throw a White Rabbit by the fire and get a dog to chase it round and round the fire so quickly that a vortex is created, sending the smoke directly upwards. This only works of course if there are people completely enclosing the rabbit huddled around the fire in a circle. This is the origin of the folk tale, a common misconception to think chanting "white rabbit" at a smokey fire somehow magically makes it move away.

Children's author Edward Eager, in Magic By the Lake (written in 1957), records fictional children living in Ohio in the 1920s as saying: "That's going to be hard...Like remembering to say 'Rabbit, rabbit' when you wake up on the first of the month."

• One variation is to convey the idea of "white rabbit" to others before they can convey it to you. Words, pictures or other creative means may be used. This variation is a contest about bragging rights, not luck.

• There’s a rule to the modern version that when someone forgets to say rabbit rabbit, they have one more chance to say it the next day, but only in February.

External links

• On the White Rabbit Theory – An attempt to catalogue different “rabbit, rabbit” variations and determine their origins.
• On the White Rabbit Theory: Everyone's Rabbitings – As above, every post on one page, easier for searching for a specific variant.