Radulph of Rivo
Encyclopedia
Radulph of Rivo was a Dutch Roman Catholic historian and liturgist (van der Beken is probably his birthname, as rivus usually stands for the Dutch beek).
, in the present province of Noord Brabant (Netherlands
). He studied in various parts of Europe: in 1362 in Italy, between 1367-1375 at the Paris Sorbonne
university and Orléans
, where he studied canon and civil law. In 1371 he was already subdeacon
.
In 1377, as Canon of the chapter of Tongeren, he was granted the deanery of this institution by Gregory IX. He entered in this position only in 1383. Meanwhile, he returned to Italy. In 1381 he was in Rome, where he was taught Greek by Simon of Constantinople, titular Archbishop of Thebes (Greece). After 1390, he was replaced at Tongeren by a vice-dean. During this time, he joined the new University of Cologne
(founded in 1388), where he became rector
about 1397/1398. He made his last journey to Rome somewhat shortly before that date.
In 1398 he returned to Tongeren, where he resumed his duties as dean of the chapter. He was deducated to the maintenance of discipline during the disturbance caused by the Great Schism of the West. He exerted himself especially for the reform of the liturgy. He was a protector and guide of the Windesheim
reform, as for instance at the Corsendonck abbey. Several of his works date from this period, while his liturgical writings were mainly composed during his second stay at Rome. He died on November 3, 1403 and was buried in the St.-Mary monastery church at Tongeren.
in 3 volumes, Liège, 1612–16).
His liturgical works are the most important and the best of his writings, especially for the history of the Breviary
and the Mass
. Here he displays a great spirit of piety, showing at the same time much critical ability, learning and wide reading. He is decidedly in favour of maintaining ancient Roman liturgical customs and rejects recent modifications.
Among his writings especially notable are:
His most important writings were published by Mohlberg in 1915.
Biography
He was born about 1350 in BredaBreda
Breda is a municipality and a city in the southern part of the Netherlands. The name Breda derived from brede Aa and refers to the confluence of the rivers Mark and Aa. As a fortified city, the city was of strategic military and political significance...
, in the present province of Noord Brabant (Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
). He studied in various parts of Europe: in 1362 in Italy, between 1367-1375 at the Paris Sorbonne
Sorbonne
The Sorbonne is an edifice of the Latin Quarter, in Paris, France, which has been the historical house of the former University of Paris...
university and Orléans
Orléans
-Prehistory and Roman:Cenabum was a Gallic stronghold, one of the principal towns of the Carnutes tribe where the Druids held their annual assembly. It was conquered and destroyed by Julius Caesar in 52 BC, then rebuilt under the Roman Empire...
, where he studied canon and civil law. In 1371 he was already subdeacon
Subdeacon
-Subdeacons in the Orthodox Church:A subdeacon or hypodeacon is the highest of the minor orders of clergy in the Orthodox Church. This order is higher than the reader and lower than the deacon.-Canonical Discipline:...
.
In 1377, as Canon of the chapter of Tongeren, he was granted the deanery of this institution by Gregory IX. He entered in this position only in 1383. Meanwhile, he returned to Italy. In 1381 he was in Rome, where he was taught Greek by Simon of Constantinople, titular Archbishop of Thebes (Greece). After 1390, he was replaced at Tongeren by a vice-dean. During this time, he joined the new University of Cologne
University of Cologne
The University of Cologne is one of the oldest universities in Europe and, with over 44,000 students, one of the largest universities in Germany. The university is part of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, an association of Germany's leading research universities...
(founded in 1388), where he became rector
Rector
The word rector has a number of different meanings; it is widely used to refer to an academic, religious or political administrator...
about 1397/1398. He made his last journey to Rome somewhat shortly before that date.
In 1398 he returned to Tongeren, where he resumed his duties as dean of the chapter. He was deducated to the maintenance of discipline during the disturbance caused by the Great Schism of the West. He exerted himself especially for the reform of the liturgy. He was a protector and guide of the Windesheim
Windesheim
The name Windesheim may refer to:* Windesheim, Netherlands, a place in the Netherlands, near Zwolle*the Christelijke Hogeschool Windesheim, a Christian institution of higher education there...
reform, as for instance at the Corsendonck abbey. Several of his works date from this period, while his liturgical writings were mainly composed during his second stay at Rome. He died on November 3, 1403 and was buried in the St.-Mary monastery church at Tongeren.
Works
Besides some works on Latin grammar, mention must be made of his Historia de rebus gestis trium pontificium Leodiensium, a chronicle of the bishops of Liège (published by Jean ChapeauvilleJean Chapeauville
Jean Chapeauville was a Belgian theologian and historian.-Life:He made his philosophical studies at the University of Cologne and University of Louvain, and at the latter received the degree of Licentiate of Theology...
in 3 volumes, Liège, 1612–16).
His liturgical works are the most important and the best of his writings, especially for the history of the Breviary
Breviary
A breviary is a liturgical book of the Latin liturgical rites of the Catholic Church containing the public or canonical prayers, hymns, the Psalms, readings, and notations for everyday use, especially by bishops, priests, and deacons in the Divine Office...
and the Mass
Mass
Mass can be defined as a quantitive measure of the resistance an object has to change in its velocity.In physics, mass commonly refers to any of the following three properties of matter, which have been shown experimentally to be equivalent:...
. Here he displays a great spirit of piety, showing at the same time much critical ability, learning and wide reading. He is decidedly in favour of maintaining ancient Roman liturgical customs and rejects recent modifications.
Among his writings especially notable are:
- Liber de canonum observantia (ed. Hilthorp, Cologne, 1508, and in "Maxima Patrum Bibliotheca", Lyons, vol. XXVI, 289);
- Calendarius ecclesiasticus Generalis (printed Louvain, 1508);
- De psalterio observando
- Liber de Officiis ecclesiasticis
His most important writings were published by Mohlberg in 1915.