Ralph Griffiths
Encyclopedia
Monthly Review (London)
The Monthly Review was an English periodical founded by Ralph Griffiths, a Nonconformist bookseller. The first periodical in England to offer reviews, it featured the novelist and poet Oliver Goldsmith as an early contributor. William Kenrick, the "superlative scoundrel", was editor from 1759 to...
(1749–1845), and remained its editor until his death in 1803.
Little is known of his early life; he began his career as a watchmaker at Stone in Staffordshire, before moving to London around 1741 to work for the Fleet Street bookseller Jacob Robinson. In 1747 Griffiths erected the warning Sign of the Dunciad outside of his own shop. Two years later he launched the Monthly Review, which became an instant success and earned him an estimated £2,000 a year. The bookseller's sign warning dunces that The Monthly would have no mercy in exposing dull and uninteresting authors.
Throughout his life Griffiths was an avid collector of books, pamphlets and essays. He was an early campaigner for improving the literary status of female poets and novelists, and in a 1798 review of Elizabeth Moody's Poetic Trifles wrote,
the Age of ingenious and learned Ladies; who have excelled so much in the more elegant branches of literature, that we need not to hesitate in concluding that the long agitated dispute between the two sexes is at length determined; and that it is no longer a question, whether woman is or is not inferior to man in natural ability, or less capable of excelling in mental accomplishments.- New Series xxvii. 441
In 1748, Griffiths published his most famous pamphlet, "The Expediency and Necessity of Revising and Improving the Public Liturgy. Humbly Represented". In 1750, together with his brother Fenton, he published John Cleland's scandalous Fanny Hill
Fanny Hill
Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure is an erotic novel by John Cleland first published in England in 1748...
, or Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure", which he had bought for £20, but which earned him a reputed £10,000.
More grounded than her husband, Griffiths' wife largely looked after his financial affairs and was a regular contributor to the The Monthly. Mrs Griffiths has variously been described as "his literary wife", and "an antiquated female critic". However, Griffiths ran into financial difficulties, and c. 1761 he was forced to sell a one-quarter share of The Monthly due to competition from the rival periodical The Critical Review
The Critical Review
The Critical Review was first edited by Tobias Smollett from 1756 to 1763, and was contributed to by Samuel Johnson, David Hume, John Hunter, and Oliver Goldsmith, until 1817....
. By 1780, he had again recovered sole ownership of the publication, though he had by then largely "retired from his public situation as a bookseller".
Griffiths' editorship of the The Monthly brought him fame abroad, and on May 1, 1764, Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin
Dr. Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. A noted polymath, Franklin was a leading author, printer, political theorist, politician, postmaster, scientist, musician, inventor, satirist, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat...
wrote,
I will do everything in my power to recommend the work Mr. Griffiths mentions, having the same sentiments of it that you express. But I conceive many more of them come to America than he imagines. Our booksellers, perhaps, write for but few, but the reason is that a multitude of our people trade more or less to London; and all that are bookishly disposed receive the reviews singly from their correspondents as they come out.
Sources
- Kent, Elizabeth E. Goldsmith and His Booksellers. Clifton, NJ: A. M. Kelley, 1973.
- Lonsdale, Roger (ed). Eighteenth-Century Women Poets: An Oxford Anthology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.
Further reading
- Curwen, History of Booksellers, Old and New.
- Goldsmith, Works, vol. 2.
- Ralph Griffiths - Author of "Ascanius; or the Young Adventurer" - 1746