Rana Pratap Sagar dam
Encyclopedia
The Rana Pratap Sagar Dam is a gravity masonry dam of 53.8 metres (176.5 ft) height built on the Chambal River
at Rawatbhata
in Rajasthan
in India
. It is part of integrated scheme of a cascade development of the river involving four projects starting with the Gandhi Sagar Dam
in the upstream reach (48 kilometres (29.8 mi) upstream) in Madhya Pradesh
and the Jawahar Sagar Dam
on the downstream (28 kilometres (17.4 mi) downstream) with a terminal structure of the Kota Barrage (28 kilometres (17.4 mi) further downstream) in Rajasthan for irrigation.
The direct benefit from the dam is hydropower generation of 172 MW (with four units of 43 MW capacity each) at the dam toe powerhouse adjoining the spillway, with releases received from the Gandhi Sagar Dam and the additional storage created at the dam by the intercepted catchment area. The estimated generation potential of 473.0 GWh of generation has been exceeded in most years since its commissioning. The power station was officially declared open on 9 February 1970 by Indira Gandhi
, the then Prime Minister of India
. The dam and power plant are named after the warrior Maharaja Rana Pratap of Rajasthan.
The Chambal River (known in ancient times as the Chamanvati River), a perennial river, which is first tapped at the Gandhi Sagar dam as part of its cascade development, raises in the Vindhya Range
of hills at an elevation of (853 metres (2,798.6 ft), south of Mhow (15 kilometres (9.3 mi) west-southwest of Mhow). It flows north-northeast through Madhya Pradesh
, runs for a time through Rajasthan
, then forms the boundary between Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh before turning southeast to join the Yamuna River in Uttar Pradesh
state. Its total length from source up to the confluence with the Yamuna River near Etawah
at elevation (122 metres (400.3 ft) is 900 kilometres (559.2 mi). It flows in a north-south direction for about (360 kilometres (223.7 mi) in Madhya Pradesh and then enters Rajasthan at Chaurasigarh about 96 kilometres (59.7 mi) south east from Kota and eventually joins the Yamuna River in Uttar Pradesh
near Etawah. The river reach of 96 kilometres (59.7 mi) from 344 kilometres (213.8 mi) to 440 kilometres (273.4 mi) from its source is a deep gorge section and further downstream there are plains. The Gandhi Sagar Dam is located in the middle reach of the gorge section of the river and affords good storage facility. For the next (48 kilometres (29.8 mi), the river flows through the Kundal Plateau, and the Rana Pratap Sagar Dam is constructed at the lower end of this reach, about (1.6 kilometre (0.994196378639691 mi) upstream of Chulia Falls. Here again, the topography permits fairly good storage upstream of the dam.
The river is drained by a rainfed catchment with major part of the catchment receiving an average rainfall of 860 millimetres (33.9 in), with temperature variation from a maximum of 40 °C (104 °F) to a minimum of 2 °C (35.6 °F), and with the relative humidity lying between 30 and 90 % during the year.
The nearest railway station is at Kota, which is at a road distance of 28 kilometres (17.4 mi), from the dam.
. This planning was done during the First Five-Year Plan, 1951–1956
launched by the Government of India
, after India attained independence in August 1947; the Chambal River with annual flow of 3400000 acre.ft had till then remained untapped from any major developmental works.)
The planning involved utilization of the hydropower potential of the river to harness the drop of 625 metres (2,050.5 ft) available in the Chambal River from its source in Mhow in Madhya Pradesh up to the Kota city, which marks the exit of the river from its gorge section into the plains in Rajasthan.
While the first stage involved construction of the Gandhi Sagar Dam for creation of storage of 7,322,000,000 cubic metres and power generation and utilization of the stored waters for irrigation from the Kota Barrage in Rajasthan was initiated in 1953–54, the second stage development involved utilization of the water released from the Gandhi Sagar Dam through a second dam structure (48 kilometres (29.8 mi), downstream at Rawatbhata
in Chittorgarh District
of Rajasthan envisaging additional storage from the intermediate catchment below Gandhi Sagar Dam. Additional storage at this dam also envisaged increase of irrigation benefits from the Kota barrage from Stage I potential of 445000 hectares (1,099,618 acre) to 567000 hectares (1,401,086.3 acre). The main benefit at this dam envisaged power generation at a dam toe powerhouse with installation of power plants of 172 MW capacity with four turbo generators of 43 MW capacity each. The project was completed in 1970. The power generated at this dam is shared equally with Madhya Pradesh, as the Gandhi Sagar dam provides the stored waters for utilization at this dam.
The power house is located on the left side of the spillway and consists of 4 units of 43 MW each, with firm power generation of 90 MW at 60% load factor. The stored water from the reservoir including the water discharged from the powerhouse of the upper reservoir (The Gandhi Sagar Reservoir) is utilized for power generation over an operating head range of 189 ft (57.6 m) (maximum) to 152 ft (46.3 m) (minimum). The water conductor system consists of penstock pipes (of 20 ft (6.1 m) diameter) from the dam to feed the four power plants (turbo-generators) and a tailrace tunnel of 1450 m (4,757.2 ft) length and diameter 12 m (39.4 ft), to lead the water back to the Chambal River. Rajasthan State has a 50% share in the power generation of this station.
The project was built at a cost of Rs4065 million including the Power plant which involved a cost of Rs1474 million. Funds were provided under the Colombo Plan
to import the equipment from Canada. At a formal inauguration held on 9 February 1970, the project was dedicated to the nation. The power plant was transferred to the Rajasthan State Electricity Board now renamed as Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Limited. According to energy generation statistics reported for the period 1968–2008, the average generation was 480.6 GWh against originally planned generation of 473 GWh. Along with the Rajasthan Atomic Power Station which is located near the Rawatbhata dam and the Rana Pratap Sagar Power plant contribute to the stability of the Northern Regional Power Grid of the country.
Reservoir
The reservoir water stretch from the dam extends up to the Gandhi Sagar Dam. The Rana Pratap Sagar Reservoir, the wetland created by the dam, is identified as one of the important aquatic areas with suitable vegetation for bird life proliferation, which needs enumeration for its bird species. The reservoir area supports considerable population of resident and migratory birds.
Chambal River
The Chambal River is a tributary of the Yamuna River in central India, and forms part of the greater Gangetic drainage system. The river flows north-northeast through Madhya Pradesh, running for a time through Rajasthan, then forming the boundary between Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh before turning...
at Rawatbhata
Rawatbhata
Rawatbhata is a town and a municipality in Chittorgarh district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is 50 km from the nearest city Kota. Rawatbhata is connected to the major routes in country through Kota .-Geography:...
in Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rājasthān the land of Rajasthanis, , is the largest state of the Republic of India by area. It is located in the northwest of India. It encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert , which has an edge paralleling the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with...
in India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
. It is part of integrated scheme of a cascade development of the river involving four projects starting with the Gandhi Sagar Dam
Gandhi Sagar dam
The Gandhi Sagar Dam is one of the four dams built on India's Chambal River. The dam is located in the Mandsaur district of the state of Madhya Pradesh. It is a masonry gravity dam, standing high, with a gross storage capacity of 7.322 billion cubic metres from a catchment area of...
in the upstream reach (48 kilometres (29.8 mi) upstream) in Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh , often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal and Indore is the largest city....
and the Jawahar Sagar Dam
Jawahar Sagar Dam
Jawahar Sagar Dam is a dam across the Chambal River. It is situated 24 kilometres south-west of Kota, Rajasthan, India.-References:*...
on the downstream (28 kilometres (17.4 mi) downstream) with a terminal structure of the Kota Barrage (28 kilometres (17.4 mi) further downstream) in Rajasthan for irrigation.
The direct benefit from the dam is hydropower generation of 172 MW (with four units of 43 MW capacity each) at the dam toe powerhouse adjoining the spillway, with releases received from the Gandhi Sagar Dam and the additional storage created at the dam by the intercepted catchment area. The estimated generation potential of 473.0 GWh of generation has been exceeded in most years since its commissioning. The power station was officially declared open on 9 February 1970 by Indira Gandhi
Indira Gandhi
Indira Priyadarshini Gandhara was an Indian politician who served as the third Prime Minister of India for three consecutive terms and a fourth term . She was assassinated by Sikh extremists...
, the then Prime Minister of India
Prime Minister of India
The Prime Minister of India , as addressed to in the Constitution of India — Prime Minister for the Union, is the chief of government, head of the Council of Ministers and the leader of the majority party in parliament...
. The dam and power plant are named after the warrior Maharaja Rana Pratap of Rajasthan.
Geography
The dam is located on the Chambal River near Rawatbhata in Rajasthan. The dam drains a total catchment area of 24864 km² (9,600 sq mi), of which only 956 km² (369.1 sq mi) are in Rajasthan. The free catchment intercepted at this dam site, below Gandhi Sagar Dam, is 2280 km² (880.3 sq mi).Vindhya Range
The Vindhya Range is a range of older rounded mountains and hills in the west-central Indian subcontinent, which geographically separates the Indian subcontinent into northern India and Southern India.- Introduction :...
of hills at an elevation of (853 metres (2,798.6 ft), south of Mhow (15 kilometres (9.3 mi) west-southwest of Mhow). It flows north-northeast through Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh , often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal and Indore is the largest city....
, runs for a time through Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rājasthān the land of Rajasthanis, , is the largest state of the Republic of India by area. It is located in the northwest of India. It encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert , which has an edge paralleling the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with...
, then forms the boundary between Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh before turning southeast to join the Yamuna River in Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...
state. Its total length from source up to the confluence with the Yamuna River near Etawah
Etawah
Etawah is a city on the Yamuna River in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. It is the administrative headquarters of Etawah District. The city was an important center for the Revolt of 1857 . Also is the place of sangam or confluence between Yamuna and Chambal...
at elevation (122 metres (400.3 ft) is 900 kilometres (559.2 mi). It flows in a north-south direction for about (360 kilometres (223.7 mi) in Madhya Pradesh and then enters Rajasthan at Chaurasigarh about 96 kilometres (59.7 mi) south east from Kota and eventually joins the Yamuna River in Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...
near Etawah. The river reach of 96 kilometres (59.7 mi) from 344 kilometres (213.8 mi) to 440 kilometres (273.4 mi) from its source is a deep gorge section and further downstream there are plains. The Gandhi Sagar Dam is located in the middle reach of the gorge section of the river and affords good storage facility. For the next (48 kilometres (29.8 mi), the river flows through the Kundal Plateau, and the Rana Pratap Sagar Dam is constructed at the lower end of this reach, about (1.6 kilometre (0.994196378639691 mi) upstream of Chulia Falls. Here again, the topography permits fairly good storage upstream of the dam.
The river is drained by a rainfed catchment with major part of the catchment receiving an average rainfall of 860 millimetres (33.9 in), with temperature variation from a maximum of 40 °C (104 °F) to a minimum of 2 °C (35.6 °F), and with the relative humidity lying between 30 and 90 % during the year.
The nearest railway station is at Kota, which is at a road distance of 28 kilometres (17.4 mi), from the dam.
History
An integrated development planning was launched in 1953, envisaging development of the irrigation and hydropower potential (386 MW from the three power stations) as part of the Chambal River Valley DevelopmentChambal River
The Chambal River is a tributary of the Yamuna River in central India, and forms part of the greater Gangetic drainage system. The river flows north-northeast through Madhya Pradesh, running for a time through Rajasthan, then forming the boundary between Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh before turning...
. This planning was done during the First Five-Year Plan, 1951–1956
Five-Year Plans of India
The economy of India is based in part on planning through its five-year plans, which are developed, executed and monitored by the Planning Commission. The tenth plan completed its term in March 2007 and the eleventh plan is currently underway...
launched by the Government of India
Government of India
The Government of India, officially known as the Union Government, and also known as the Central Government, was established by the Constitution of India, and is the governing authority of the union of 28 states and seven union territories, collectively called the Republic of India...
, after India attained independence in August 1947; the Chambal River with annual flow of 3400000 acre.ft had till then remained untapped from any major developmental works.)
The planning involved utilization of the hydropower potential of the river to harness the drop of 625 metres (2,050.5 ft) available in the Chambal River from its source in Mhow in Madhya Pradesh up to the Kota city, which marks the exit of the river from its gorge section into the plains in Rajasthan.
While the first stage involved construction of the Gandhi Sagar Dam for creation of storage of 7,322,000,000 cubic metres and power generation and utilization of the stored waters for irrigation from the Kota Barrage in Rajasthan was initiated in 1953–54, the second stage development involved utilization of the water released from the Gandhi Sagar Dam through a second dam structure (48 kilometres (29.8 mi), downstream at Rawatbhata
Rawatbhata
Rawatbhata is a town and a municipality in Chittorgarh district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is 50 km from the nearest city Kota. Rawatbhata is connected to the major routes in country through Kota .-Geography:...
in Chittorgarh District
Chittorgarh district
Chittorgarh District is a district of Rajasthan state in western India. The historic city of Chittorgarh is the administrative headquarters of the district....
of Rajasthan envisaging additional storage from the intermediate catchment below Gandhi Sagar Dam. Additional storage at this dam also envisaged increase of irrigation benefits from the Kota barrage from Stage I potential of 445000 hectares (1,099,618 acre) to 567000 hectares (1,401,086.3 acre). The main benefit at this dam envisaged power generation at a dam toe powerhouse with installation of power plants of 172 MW capacity with four turbo generators of 43 MW capacity each. The project was completed in 1970. The power generated at this dam is shared equally with Madhya Pradesh, as the Gandhi Sagar dam provides the stored waters for utilization at this dam.
Description
The Rana Pratap Sagar Dam is a straight masonry gravity structure of 53.8 m (176.5 ft) height with a length of 1143 m (3,750 ft). The reservoir stretch is -km and its surface area at the Full Reservoir Level is 198.29 km² (76.6 sq mi). The dam has created a storage capacity (Gross Storage) of 2,898,000,000 cubic metres out of which the utilizable storage (Live Storage) is 1,566,520,000 cubic metres. The dam is designed to pass a designed flood discharge of 18,408.00 m3/s through a spillway structure which is provided with 17 crest gates of 18.3 mx8.53m size above the spillway crest for the purpose. In addition, sluice gates have also been provided in the body of the dam at lower levels to remove silt deposited in the dam.The power house is located on the left side of the spillway and consists of 4 units of 43 MW each, with firm power generation of 90 MW at 60% load factor. The stored water from the reservoir including the water discharged from the powerhouse of the upper reservoir (The Gandhi Sagar Reservoir) is utilized for power generation over an operating head range of 189 ft (57.6 m) (maximum) to 152 ft (46.3 m) (minimum). The water conductor system consists of penstock pipes (of 20 ft (6.1 m) diameter) from the dam to feed the four power plants (turbo-generators) and a tailrace tunnel of 1450 m (4,757.2 ft) length and diameter 12 m (39.4 ft), to lead the water back to the Chambal River. Rajasthan State has a 50% share in the power generation of this station.
The project was built at a cost of Rs4065 million including the Power plant which involved a cost of Rs1474 million. Funds were provided under the Colombo Plan
Colombo Plan
The Colombo Plan is a regional organization that embodies the concept of collective inter-governmental effort to strengthen economic and social development of member countries in the Asia-Pacific Region...
to import the equipment from Canada. At a formal inauguration held on 9 February 1970, the project was dedicated to the nation. The power plant was transferred to the Rajasthan State Electricity Board now renamed as Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Limited. According to energy generation statistics reported for the period 1968–2008, the average generation was 480.6 GWh against originally planned generation of 473 GWh. Along with the Rajasthan Atomic Power Station which is located near the Rawatbhata dam and the Rana Pratap Sagar Power plant contribute to the stability of the Northern Regional Power Grid of the country.
Reservoir
The reservoir water stretch from the dam extends up to the Gandhi Sagar Dam. The Rana Pratap Sagar Reservoir, the wetland created by the dam, is identified as one of the important aquatic areas with suitable vegetation for bird life proliferation, which needs enumeration for its bird species. The reservoir area supports considerable population of resident and migratory birds.