Raphanobrassica
Encyclopedia
Brassicoraphanus is the name for all the intergeneric hybrids between the genera Brassica
(cabbages, etc) and Raphanus
(radish). The name comes from the combination of the genus names. Both diploid hybrids and allopolyploid hybrids are known and share this name.
Early experimental crosses between species of these two genera had been sterile or nearly sterile, but large-scale experiments by Soviet agronomist Georgi Dmitrievich Karpechenko
using Raphanus sativus and Brassica oleracea were remarkable because some of the plants produced hundreds of seeds. The second generation were allopolyploids, the result of gamete
s with doubled chromosome
numbers. As Karpechenko realized, this process had created a new species
, and it could justifiably be called a new genus
, and proposed the name Raphanobrassica for them (but the earlier name Brassicoraphanus has priority.
Plants of this parentage are now known as radicole.
Two other fertile forms of Brassicoraphanus are known by the following informal names:
Currently, it is thought that a great part of the flowering plants have some hybridization and polyploidization among their ancestors.
Brassica
Brassica is a genus of plants in the mustard family . The members of the genus may be collectively known either as cabbages, or as mustards...
(cabbages, etc) and Raphanus
Raphanus
Raphanus is a genus within the flowering plant family Brassicaceae. Two or three species are currently classified in Raphanus. They include the cultivated radish, Raphanus sativus and the common wild radish or jointed charlock, R. raphanistrum. Some authors accept the podding or rattail radish, R...
(radish). The name comes from the combination of the genus names. Both diploid hybrids and allopolyploid hybrids are known and share this name.
Early experimental crosses between species of these two genera had been sterile or nearly sterile, but large-scale experiments by Soviet agronomist Georgi Dmitrievich Karpechenko
Georgii Karpechenko
Georgii Dmitrievich Karpechenko was a Russian and Soviet biologist. His name has sometimes been transliterated as Karpetschenko.G. D. Karpechenko worked on cytology and created several hybrids...
using Raphanus sativus and Brassica oleracea were remarkable because some of the plants produced hundreds of seeds. The second generation were allopolyploids, the result of gamete
Gamete
A gamete is a cell that fuses with another cell during fertilization in organisms that reproduce sexually...
s with doubled chromosome
Chromosome
A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells. It is a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions.Chromosomes...
numbers. As Karpechenko realized, this process had created a new species
Species
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
, and it could justifiably be called a new genus
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
, and proposed the name Raphanobrassica for them (but the earlier name Brassicoraphanus has priority.
Plants of this parentage are now known as radicole.
Two other fertile forms of Brassicoraphanus are known by the following informal names:
- The Raparadish group are allopolyploid hybrids between Raphanus sativus and Brassica rapa, used as fodderFodderFodder or animal feed is any agricultural foodstuff used specifically to feed domesticated livestock such as cattle, goats, sheep, horses, chickens and pigs. Most animal feed is from plants but some is of animal origin...
crops - Raphanofortii is the allopolyploid hybrid between Brassica tournefortiiBrassica tournefortiiThe mustard species Brassica tournefortii is known by the common names Asian mustard, African mustard, and Sahara mustard, and is well-known as an invasive species, especially in California....
and Raphanus caudatus
Currently, it is thought that a great part of the flowering plants have some hybridization and polyploidization among their ancestors.