Real estate in the People's Republic of China

Real estate in the People's Republic of China is developed and managed by public

Public company

This is not the same as a Government-owned corporation.A public company or publicly traded company is a limited liability company that offers its securities for sale to the general public, typically through a stock exchange, or through market makers operating in over the counter markets...

, private

Privately held company

A privately held company or close corporation is a business company owned either by non-governmental organizations or by a relatively small number of shareholders or company members which does not offer or trade its company stock to the general public on the stock market exchanges, but rather the...

, and state-owned

Government-owned corporation

A government-owned corporation, state-owned company, state-owned entity, state enterprise, publicly owned corporation, government business enterprise, or parastatal is a legal entity created by a government to undertake commercial activities on behalf of an owner government...

red chip

Red chip

Red chips stocks are the stocks of mainland China companies incorporated outside mainland China and listed in Hong Kong. The actual business is based in mainland China and controlled, either directly or indirectly, by the central, provincial or municipal governments of the Peoples' Republic of China...

enterprises. Currently the market is experiencing tremendous growth and the central government has implemented measures to tighten interest rates, increase deposit and impose restrictions.

History

As of 2010, China's real estate market is the largest in the world.

2005-2010: Alleged property bubble

The Chinese property bubble is an alleged ongoing real estate bubble

Real estate bubble

A real estate bubble or property bubble is a type of economic bubble that occurs periodically in local or global real estate markets...

in residential and/or commercial real estate in the People's Republic of China. The phenomenon has seen average housing prices in the country triple from 2005 to 2009, possibly driven by both government policies and Chinese cultural attitudes.

High price-to-income and price-to-rent ratios for property and the high number of unoccupied residential and commercial units have been held up as evidence of a bubble. Critics of the bubble theory point to China's relatively conservative mortgage lending standards and trends of increasing urbanization and rising incomes as proof that property prices can remain supported.

Welfare housing system, parallel dynamics, and allegations of corruption

As of 2010, China has officially ordered an end to its welfare housing system; however, according to China Youth Daily

China Youth Daily

The China Youth Daily is the official newspaper of Communist Youth League of China , and is a popular official daily newspaper and the first independently operated central government news media portal in the People's Republic of China.In 1980s it was regarded as the best newspaper in mainland...

, a parallel housing market continues to exist. Government agencies continue to pay less than 20% of market value for real estate, and many officials purportedly misappropriate renovation and housing reform funds for personal gain.

Companies

Name	Type¹	Headquarters²	Total assets Asset In financial accounting, assets are economic resources. Anything tangible or intangible that is capable of being owned or controlled to produce value and that is held to have positive economic value is considered an asset... ³	Market cap³
Agile Property Agile Property -Agile Property Holdings Limited:Agile Property Holdings Limited Agile Property Holdings Limited is one of leading property developers in China, which is principally engaged in property development and operation, with extensive involvement in property management and commercial property and hotel...	Public	Zhongshan Zhongshan Zhongshan , also spelled Chungshan and historically known as Xiangshan or Siangshan, is a prefecture-level city in the south of the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong province in southern China. Zhongshan, one of the few cities in China with an eponymous name, is named after Dr. Sun Yat-sen who was... , Guangdong Guangdong Guangdong is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People's Republic of China. The province was previously often written with the alternative English name Kwangtung Province...	N/A	US$4.7 billion (2010)
China Aoyuan Property China Aoyuan Property China Aoyuan Property Group Limited or Aoyuan Property is one of the largest-scale property developer headquartered in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China and in Hong Kong. It is engaged in the property development, leasing and hotel operations in Mainland China...	Public	Guangzhou Guangzhou Guangzhou , known historically as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port... , Guangdong Guangdong Guangdong is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People's Republic of China. The province was previously often written with the alternative English name Kwangtung Province...	N/A	US$399 million (2010)
China Merchants Property China Merchants Property China Merchants Property Development Company Limited , was established in Shenzhen, China in 1984 and it is the real estate flagship of China Merchants. It offers residential properties in China cities, including Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Zhangzhou, Foshan, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Suzhou, Nanjing, Beijing,...	State-owned	Shenzhen Shenzhen Shenzhen is a major city in the south of Southern China's Guangdong Province, situated immediately north of Hong Kong. The area became China's first—and one of the most successful—Special Economic Zones... , Guangdong Guangdong Guangdong is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People's Republic of China. The province was previously often written with the alternative English name Kwangtung Province...	N/A	US$4.4 billion (2010)
China Overseas Land and Investment Limited China Overseas Land and Investment Limited China Overseas Land and Investment Limited , "China Overseas" or "COLI" in short form and the subsidiary of China State Construction Engineering Corporation, was incorporated in Hong Kong in June 1979...	State-owned	Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour...	N/A	US$17.8 billion (2010)
China Properties Group China Properties Group China Properties Group Limited or China Properties is a private property developer focusing on developing large-scale residential and commercial projects in major cities in China including Shanghai, Beijing and Kunshan. Its chairman is Mr. Wang Shizhong....	Public	Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour...	N/A	US$541 million (2010)
China Resources Land China Resources Land China Resources Land Limited is a property developer of China Resources Group. Its business is the development and management of residential and investment properties in Mainland China major cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Chengdu, Wuhan and Hefei, Hangzhou, Wuxi, Dalian, Ningbo,...	State-owned	Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour...	N/A	US$10.7 billion (2010)
China Vanke China Vanke Vanke is the largest residential real estate developer in the People’s Republic of China. It is engaged in developing, managing and selling of the properties across 20 cities in Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta and Bohai-Rim Region, with the provision of investment trading, consultancy...	Public	Shenzhen Shenzhen Shenzhen is a major city in the south of Southern China's Guangdong Province, situated immediately north of Hong Kong. The area became China's first—and one of the most successful—Special Economic Zones... , Guangdong Guangdong Guangdong is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People's Republic of China. The province was previously often written with the alternative English name Kwangtung Province...	N/A	US$15 billion (2010)
Country Garden Country Garden Country Garden is a property development company based in Guangdong Province, China, owned by Yang Guoqiang's family...	Public	Foshan Foshan Foshan is a city in central Guangdong province in southern China. The prefectural area under the city's jurisdiction over an area of about 3,840 km² and a population of 5.4 million of which 1.1 million reside in the city proper .... , Guangdong Guangdong Guangdong is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People's Republic of China. The province was previously often written with the alternative English name Kwangtung Province...	N/A	US$5.8 billion (2010)
Evergrande Real Estate Group Evergrande Real Estate Group Evergrande Real Estate Group, previously Hengda Real Estate Group, is one of the ten largest real estate developers in Mainland China, and one of the five largest real estate developers in Guangdong Province .Evergrande begun operations in Guangzhou in 1996...	Public	Guangzhou Guangzhou Guangzhou , known historically as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port... , Guangdong Guangdong Guangdong is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People's Republic of China. The province was previously often written with the alternative English name Kwangtung Province...	N/A	US$773 million (2010)
Financial Street Holding Financial Street Holding Financial Street Holding Company Limited is a listed company of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, which mainly involves in selling and leasing high-end business real estate in Beijing Financial Street area of Beijing, China...	State-owned	Beijing Beijing Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...	N/A	US$3.9 billion (2010)
Franshion Properties Franshion Properties Franshion Properties Limited , the subsidiary of state-owned Sinochem Corporation, is engaged in real estate development in Shanghai, Beijing and Zhuhai. It is incorporated and headquartered in Hong Kong, but its business is mainly in Mainland China....	State-owned	Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour...	N/A	US$2.9 billion (2010)
Glorious Property Holdings Glorious Property Holdings Glorious Property Holdings Limited is a Shanghai-based property developer, established in 1996. It has a land bank of 13.6 million square meters in cities like Shanghai, Beijing and Tianjin....	Public	Shanghai Shanghai Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...	N/A	US$3 billion (2010)
Henderson China Holdings Ltd. Henderson China Holdings Ltd. Henderson China Holdings is a large real estate developer in China. Lee Shau Kee has been the company's chairman and managing director since 1976.-References:*...	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Hopson Development Hopson Development Hopson Development Holdings Limited or Hopson Development , established in Guangzhou, China in 1992, is one of the five largest real estate private company in Guangdong Province...	Public	Guangzhou Guangzhou Guangzhou , known historically as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port... , Guangdong Guangdong Guangdong is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People's Republic of China. The province was previously often written with the alternative English name Kwangtung Province...	N/A	US$2.5 billion (2010)
K. Wah International K. Wah International K. Wah International Holdings Limited is major Chinese company that invests in and develops real estate in Hong Kong, China, and Southeast Asia....	Public	Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour...	N/A	US$901 million (2010)
KWG Property KWG Property KWG Property Holdings Limited is one of the largest privately-owned property developers in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. It is engaged in the development of residentia], commercial and hotel properties in Guangzhou, Suzhou, Kunshan, Chengdu and Beijing...	Public	Guangzhou Guangzhou Guangzhou , known historically as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port... , Guangdong Guangdong Guangdong is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People's Republic of China. The province was previously often written with the alternative English name Kwangtung Province...	N/A	US$1.8 billion (2010)
New World China Land New World China Land New World China Land Limited is the Mainland China property flagship of Hong Kong's New World Development, owned by Dr. Cheng Yu-tung's family.It is incorporated in the Cayman Islands with limited liability. It is engaged in property development projects in Mainland China, including property...	Public	Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour...	N/A	US$2.1 billion (2010)
Poly (Hong Kong) Investments Poly (Hong Kong) Investments Poly Investments Limited , is a property developer in China, with its major businesses include property development, investment and management. It mainly develops mid to high-end residential and commercial properties in the cities along Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta as well as the...	State-owned	Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour...	N/A	US$3.7 billion (2010)
Poly Real Estate Poly Real Estate Poly Real Estate Group Company Limited is a large state-owned real estate enterprise held by China Poly Group principally engaged in the design, development, construction and sale of residential and commercial properties, as well as the provision of property management services...	State-owned	Guangzhou Guangzhou Guangzhou , known historically as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port... , Guangdong Guangdong Guangdong is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People's Republic of China. The province was previously often written with the alternative English name Kwangtung Province...	N/A	US$10.6 billion (2010)
R&F Properties R&F Properties R&F Properties was established in 1994 in Guangzhou, China. It is one of the largest-scale real estate companies in Guangzhou. It is engaged in integrating real estate design, development, engineering supervision, sales, property management and real estate intermediary.Its H shares were listed at...	Public	Guangzhou Guangzhou Guangzhou , known historically as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port... , Guangdong Guangdong Guangdong is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People's Republic of China. The province was previously often written with the alternative English name Kwangtung Province...	N/A	US$5.2 billion (2010)
SOHO China SOHO China SOHO China Limited , founded in 1995, is the largest real-estate developer in Beijing, China . The company is incorporated in Cayman Islands. The founders are Pan Shiyi , a former Oil Ministry employee, and his wife Zhang Xin , a former Goldman Sachs employee...	Public	Beijing Beijing Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...	US$4.7 billion (2009)	US$2.9 billion (2010)
Shanghai Forte Land Shanghai Forte Land Shanghai Forte Land Company Limited , or Shanghai Forte Land and Forte Land, is one of the largest real estate developers in Shanghai, China. It is founded by Chinese billionaire Guo Guangchang in 1994 and it is headquartered in Shanghai...	Public	Shanghai Shanghai Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...	N/A	US$760 million (2010)
Shimao Property Shimao Property Shimao Property Holdings Limited is one of the largest property developers in Shanghai, China. It was founded in 2001 by Xu Rongmao, a Chinese billionaire.It was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2006 with its IPO price at HK$6.25 per share....	Public	Shanghai Shanghai Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...	N/A	US$6.2 billion (2010)
Shui On Land Shui On Land Shui On Land Limited is the flagship property company of the Hong Kong-based Shui On Group. It is engaged in developing large-scale city-core development projects and integrated residential development projects in major cities in China, including Shanghai, Wuhan, Chongqing, Hangzhou, Dalian and...	Public	Shanghai Shanghai Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...	N/A	US$2.6 billion (2010)
Sino-Ocean Land Sino-Ocean Land Sino-Ocean Land is a real estate state-owned joint-venture enterprise in Mainland China, which is a subsidiary company of COSCO Group...	State-owned	Beijing Beijing Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...	N/A	US$5.2 billion (2010)
Xinyuan Real Estate Xinyuan Real Estate Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. is a Chinese real estate company.Principally engaged in residential real estate development and the provision of property management services, it focuses on Tier II cities in China.-History:...	Public	Beijing Beijing Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...	US$881 million (2009)	US$314 million (2010)
Yuexiu Property	State-owned	Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour...	N/A	US$1.9 billion (2010)
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¹ Some state-owned entities are also publicly traded as red chip Red chip Red chips stocks are the stocks of mainland China companies incorporated outside mainland China and listed in Hong Kong. The actual business is based in mainland China and controlled, either directly or indirectly, by the central, provincial or municipal governments of the Peoples' Republic of China... stocks ² De facto De facto De facto is a Latin expression that means "concerning fact." In law, it often means "in practice but not necessarily ordained by law" or "in practice or actuality, but not officially established." It is commonly used in contrast to de jure when referring to matters of law, governance, or... location ³ United States dollar United States dollar The United States dollar , also referred to as the American dollar, is the official currency of the United States of America. It is divided into 100 smaller units called cents or pennies.... s

History

2005-2010: Alleged property bubble

Welfare housing system, parallel dynamics, and allegations of corruption

Companies

See also